3. Climate change (an abiotic factor) has slowly decreased habitat for the arctic seals. Predict how a reduction in habitat could change the capture efficiency of the killer whales. How would this affect the carrying capacities for both the whales and the seals?
4. If another source of prey were available to the whales, what changes in population size would you expect for the seals and the whales? (4 points)

5. In this lesson, you learned about two patterns of population growth and decline, the sigmoid and peak phenomena. Does the seal and killer whale relationship represent a sigmoid or peak phenomenon? Please provide supporting details. (6 points)

6. What are the limitations of the population dynamics lab? Is the lab activity a realistic representation of an arctic marine ecosystem? Note: Please provide detailed support for your opinion. (8 points)

A reduction in Arctic seal habitats would decrease food availability for killer whales impacting their populations and carrying capacity. A new source of prey could relieve pressure off seals and increase both seal and whale populations. The population change follows a sigmoid pattern and while the population dynamics lab is useful, it oversimplifies the real-world complexity of an Arctic marine ecosystem.

As an impact of climate change, a reduction in Arctic seal habitats would likely decrease the food availability for killer whales, making them less effective at capturing their prey. This reduction in capture efficiency would likely reduce the carrying capacity for killer whales as fewer individuals would be able to be supported by the available resources. Similarly, with the decrease in habitat size, the carrying capacity for Arctic seals would also likely decrease.

If a new source of prey became available to the killer whales, it could potentially relieve some predatory pressure from the seals and their population size might increase. The whale population could increase as well if the new prey source is abundant.

In the context of population dynamics, the relationship between seals and killer whales seems to correlate with a sigmoid (S-shaped) pattern of growth. Initially, when resources are abundant, population growth is exponential. However, as the population reaches its carrying capacity and resources become scarce, growth slows and eventually levels off.

As an educational tool, the population dynamics lab has a few limitations. Though it simulates interactions between predator and prey, it doesn't fully capture the complexity of real-world ecosystems. In an actual Arctic marine ecosystem, multiple species are interrelated and abiotic factors also play a critical role.

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