3. What causes hydrogen bonding?

Final answer:

Zinc is used to protect bridges and automobiles from corrosion because it is more easily oxidized than iron, providing sacrificial protection. Electroplating is not commonly used because it results in a thinner and less durable zinc layer.

Explanation:

Zinc is often used to protect bridges and automobiles from corrosion because it is more easily oxidized than iron. This means that even if the zinc coating gets scratched, the zinc will still oxidize before the iron, providing a sacrificial protection. While electroplating could be an option, it is not commonly used because it results in a thinner and less durable zinc layer compared to other coating methods.

Answer:

The fraction of original isotope remaining after 12 weeks is 1/8 (0.125)

Explanation:

The half life of the radio-isotope = 4 weeks =[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2}}[/tex]

After n half lives, the fraction of original isotope remaining = [tex]\frac{1}{2^{n}}[/tex]

In 12 weeks, the number of half lives = 12/4 = 3 half lives

The fraction of original isotope remaining = [tex]\frac{1}{2^{3}}=\frac{1}{8}[/tex]

Hence, after 12 weeks, fraction of original isotope remaining is 1/8 (0.125)

Answer:

Explanation:

14:

a) Shared pairs = 6

per shared pair between each C-H bond.

and two shared pair between C=C thus total shared pairs are 6

a) Lone pairs = 0

b) Single bonds = 4

Double bonds = 1

Triple bonds = 0

c) Formula = C₂H₄

Name = Ethene

d) Lewis structure =  given structure is also Lewis structure.

13:

a) Shared pairs = 3

a) Lone pairs = 2

b) Single bonds = 0

Double bonds = 0

Triple bonds = 1

c) Formula = N₂

Name = Dinitrogen

d) Lewis structure = given structure is also Lewis structure.

Answer:

The correct option is C) All of the genetic information comes from one parent.

Explanation:

The description in the paragraph tells that Astrammina rara are unicellular organisms and their offspring born are identical to the parent cell.

Asexual reproduction can be described as a method of reproduction in which a parent cells produces two offsprings which are identical to the parent cell. Asexual reproduction is the common mode of reproduction in unicellular organisms.

Hence, the description shows that Astrammina rara reproduce by this method and hence all of the information will arise from one, single parent.

Answer:  We call it "first quarter" because the moon has traveled about a quarter of the way around Earth since the new moon. Waxing gibbous: The area of illumination continues to increase.

Explanation:

the middle of the day and sets around the middle of the night in most areas. In general, people see the First Quarter also A first quarter moon rises around noon and sets around midnight. You'll likely spot it in late afternoon or early evening, high up in the sky. At this moon phase, the moon is showing us precisely half of its lighted half.

Answer:

Because of the reaction stoichiometry (detailed information given below).

Explanation:

Well, reaction stoichiometry determines relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. For example, if the relationship between reactants and/or products is 1 to 1 (e.g. CO + H2O => CO2 + H2), the product is produced as much as the limiting reactant(s) (which is less than the other one in amount) consumed. For example, if 3 moles CO mixed with 0.5 moles of O2 (so O2 is limiting reactant in this case), 0.5 CO2 and 0.5 H2 are produced and 2.5 moles of CO and 0 moles of O2 (because all of O2 consumed) are left over. So, it can be concluded that the reaction stoichiometry has a direct relationship with the amount of the product and the amount of each reactant left over.

The amount of product and leftover reactants in a chemical reaction is determined by the mole ratios of the reactants, based on stoichiometry.

The amount of product and leftover reactants in a chemical reaction depend on the mole ratios of the reactants.

This concept is part of stoichiometry, which examines the numerical relationships between reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation.

Typically, one reactant will be completely consumed first, known as the limiting reactant, determining the amount of product formed, while the other reactants may be left over in varying amounts.

For example, in the reaction between hydrogen gas (H₂) and oxygen gas (O₂) to form water (H₂O), mixing 2 moles of H₂ with 1 mole of O₂ would use up all reactants perfectly, producing 2 moles of H₂O. However, if we mixed 3 moles of H₂ with 1 mole of O₂, H₂ would be in excess and only 2 moles of H₂ would react, leaving 1 mole of H₂ unreacted.

Answer:

NaCl (common salt)

Explanation:

it is called sodium chloride

A chemical formula is a symbolic representation of a compound's composition. It uses element symbols and subscripts to denote the types of atoms present and their quantities. The formula H₂O represents water, while H₂SO₄ represents sulfuric acid, with N₂O₃ being the formula for dinitrogen trioxide.

A chemical formula represents a substance using symbols for its constituent elements and subscripts to show the number of atoms of each element in the compound. For example, the compound water has a chemical formula of H₂O, indicating it contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Another example is sulfuric acid, a widely produced chemical with a formula of H₂SO₄, showing it is composed of two hydrogen atoms, one sulfur atom, and four oxygen atoms. The naming convention for covalent compounds like dinitrogen trioxide involves using prefixes to denote the number of each type of atom present; thus, N₂O₃ denotes two nitrogen atoms and three oxygen atoms.

Answer:

263 g

Explanation:

Law of conservation of mass:

According to the law of conservation mass, mass can neither be created not destroyed in a chemical equation.

This law was given by french chemist  Antoine Lavoisier in 1789. According to this law mass of reactant and mass of product must be equal, because masses are not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Thus in given example the mass of reactant is 263 g therefore the mass of product would be 263 g.

Another example:

In given photosynthesis reaction:

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

there are six carbon atoms, eighteen oxygen atoms and twelve hydrogen atoms on the both side of equation so this reaction followed the law of conservation of mass

Answer & Explanation:

D orbitals begin filling with electrons after the orbital found in the 4s sublevel is filled. This occurs because the d sublevel is first found in the.

Answer:

Interesting question.

Explanation:

D orbitals begin filling with electrons after the orbital found in the 4s sublevel is filled.

Have a good day

Answer:

Vibrates (combines)

Explanation: addition of heat to a particle causes the ions to become charged (energized) and this results to vibration and Interaction between the Molecules and the walls of the object

Answer:

Lithium nitrate and water are product of given reaction.

Explanation:

Word equation:

Nitric acid + lithium hydroxide →  Lithium nitrate + water

Chemical equation:

HNO₃ + LiOH  →  LiNO₃ + H₂O

The given reaction is balanced. There are two hydrogen, four oxygen, one lithium and one nitrogen atoms are present on both side of equation.

This reaction completely follow the law of conservation of mass.

Law of conservation of mass:

According to the law of conservation mass, mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical equation.

This law was given by french chemist  Antoine Lavoisier in 1789. According to this law mass of reactant and mass of product must be equal, because masses are not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Answer:

S-block

Explanation:

As we move from left to right across the periodic table the number of valance electrons in an atom increase. The atomic size tend to decrease in same period of periodic table because the electrons are added with in the same shell. When the electron are added, at the same time protons are also added in the nucleus. The positive charge is going to increase and this charge is greater in effect than the charge of electrons. This effect lead to the greater nuclear attraction. The electrons are pull towards the nucleus and valance shell get closer to the nucleus thus electronegativity increases.

As a result of this greater nuclear attraction atomic radius decreases and ionization energy increases because it is very difficult to remove the electron from atom and more energy is required.

S-block is present on left side of periodic table while d-block is on the right side thus as we move from s to d block electronegativity increases,

Answer:

3

Explanation:

Primary waves are radiated along a single direction, but secondary waves are radiated along all directions. That is why the P waves can take place in almost all mediums such as solid, liquid and air, unlike the S waves that are transverse and only travel through solid mediums

Explanation:

In a chemical reaction, only the atoms present in the reactants can end up in the products. Also, In a chemical reaction, reactants contact each other, bonds between atoms in the reactants are broken, and atoms rearrange and form new bonds to make the products.

Answer:

0.13 grams

Explanation:

This conversion of 1.3 decigrams to grams has been calculated by multiplying 1.3 decigrams by 0.1 and the result is 0.13 grams.

Answer:

0.13 GRAMS~

Explanation:

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Answer:

A. One that is not a fossil fuel  

Explanation:

"Alternative fuel" is a technical term used in the fuel industry. It refers to fuels that that are not fossil fuels (like coal, oil, and natural gas).

B. is wrong. A fuel that hasn't been developed yet is not of much use.

C. is wrong. A homeowner may consider wood as an alternative fuel in case there is no electricity to power an oil furnace, but that is not the technical meaning of the term.

D. is wrong. An alternative fuel should use renewable resources.

Answer:

Mg loses two electrons to have an octet. Oxygen gains two electrons to have an octet. The ionic bond between ions results from the electrostatic attraction of opposite charges. The final formula of magnesium oxide is MgO.

Explanation:

Answer:

1. There should be a sufficient amount of the selected isotope in the rock.

2. There should be more than one unstable isotope in the rock.

Explanation:

Use the proses of elimination!

Before choosing an unstable isotope, Sully must consider the half-life of the isotope, which must be long enough to capture the age of the rock, and the sufficiency of the amount of the chosen isotope present in the rock. The rate of decay, presence in neighboring rocks or existence of more unstable isotopes are not primary concerns.

Sully, a geologist, should consider the following two aspects before choosing an unstable isotope for determining the absolute age of a rock sample. First, the isotope must have a long enough half-life to accurately capture the age of the rock. For example, if the rock is several million years old, the isotope chosen should have a half-life in that ballpark to provide effective dating. Second, there should be a sufficient amount of the chosen isotope present in the rock. The abundance of the isotope is crucial, as too small an amount may result in inaccurate dating. On the contrary, the isotope doesn't necessarily need to decay at a fast rate or be absent in neighboring rocks to produce accurate results. Also, having more than one unstable isotope in the rock isn't a mandatory requirement.

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Answer: Light, Thermal, Kinetic

Explanation:

The lamp converts the electric energy to light energy.

The toaster converts the electric energy to thermal energy.

The fan converts the electric energy to kinetic energy.

Good luck with your test!

Answer:

it is what every the one above said

Explanation:

Answer:

1. [tex]0.5 g/mL[/tex]

2. [tex]0.88 g/cm^3[/tex]

3. It has the greatest mass to volume ratio

4. Incomplete

5. [tex]H^+ (aq)+OH^-(aq)\rightleftharpoons H_2O (l)[/tex]

6. 1

7. Gloves, goggles, coat, mask

8. Flush with tap water for at least 15 minutes

9. The facts are listed below

10. Mass and volume

12. All matter consists of moving particles, the degree of their movement is directly proportional to their kinetic energy

Explanation:

1. In order to solve for density, we should know that density is the ratio between mass and volume of a liquid. In this case, we're given both measures: given mass of m = 20 g and volume of V = 40 mL, we may simply apply the equation of density described here:

[tex]d=\frac{m}{V}[/tex]

Substituting the variables, we obtain:

[tex]d=\frac{m}{V}=\frac{20 g}{40 mL}=0.5 g/mL[/tex]

2. Given a mixture of several liquids, it's important to understand that liquids with a greater density will tend to form a bottom layer of a solution, while liquids with a lower density will tend to form a top layer of a solution. Here we have a liquid with a density of [tex]d_1 = 1.0 g/cm^3[/tex] and another liquid with a density of [tex]d_2 = 0.88 g/cm^3[/tex]. Notice that [tex]d_1[/tex] > [tex]d_2[/tex].

This implies that the liquid with a density of [tex]0.88 g/cm^3[/tex] would be on top, as its density is lower than the density of the other liquid with a density of [tex]1.0 g/cm^3[/tex].

3. The solid phase is not always, but typically denser than liquids or gases. There are some exceptions to this rule, for example, ice, a solid phase of water, is less dense than liquid water.

However, for the majority of cases this statement is true. Remember that solid phases are the most ordered phases with atoms being packed closely to each other. In liquids, atoms are more dispersed with distances between them being greater than those in solids. Similarly, gases have the greatest distances between gas atoms among all three phases.

Since density is directly proportional to mass, let's say we take the same volume of a solid, a liquid and a gas. For the same volume, since we'll have a greater number of solid atoms than for a liquid or a gas (because solid atoms are more closely packed with lower average distances between the atoms), the mass to volume ratio will be the greatest for solids.

4. This seems to be an incomplete question.

5. In order to balance the following ionic equation, we need to follow the mass and charge balancing rules. Firstly, expand a water molecule showing the individual parts of it:

[tex]H-OH[/tex]

Secondly, notice that we need to add a hydroxide anion to the proton, so that we obtain the same number of protons and hydroxide anions on the left side, as well as the number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms on the right. This way, the net charge on the left hand side (0) and the net charge on the right hand side (0) are equal, so the charge is balanced as well. We obtain:

[tex]H^+ (aq)+OH^-(aq)\rightleftharpoons H_2O (l)[/tex]

6. We should be familiar with the ionization constant of water in the context of this problem. It is defined as the product between the hydronium ions and hydroxide ions and is a constant number at some given temperature. For pure water, the concentration of hydronium ions is balanced by the concentration of hydroxide anions to yield a neutral pH value, meaning the ratio of one with respect to the other would be 1.

For example, at room temperature, the ionization constant of water is defined as:

[tex]K_w=[H^+][OH^-]=10^{-14}[/tex]

Since we have pure water:

[tex][H^+]=[OH^-]=\sqrt{10^{-14}}=10^{-7}[/tex]

Then the ratio is:

[tex]\frac{[H^+]}{[OH^-]}=\frac{10^{-7}}{10^{-7}}=1

7 to 12. The questions are explained in the file attached.

Answer:

Roman numbering in IUPAC naming system

Explanation:

This is quite an open question. Let's firstly separate the periodic table into two standard groups: group A elements and group B elements (transition metals).

The charge (or the oxidation state) of an element in group A can be identified by the group number. For example, group 1A elements would always have a charge of +1, as they have only one valence electron to lose.

Similar trend applies to group 2A: each element in that group would have a charge of +2, as each atom has 2 valence electrons to lose to become a cation.

You will notice that this is true fro group 3A and group 4A as well. Now, since an octet is the desired state for any species, starting with group 5A, it's easier to gain 3 electrons for species than lose 5 electrons to obtain an octer, meaning we'd expect -3 oxidation state for group 5A elements, -2 oxidation state for group 6A elements and -1 oxidation state for group 7A elements.

Notice that in the majority of cases, this is the standard trend and we'd generally only have one predominant oxidation state.

Considering group B, the transition metals, most of them have several oxidation states. That's why we usually memorize the ones which only have one oxidation state (such as zinc, silver) and in any other case when a transition metal has several oxidation states, they're identified in the name by using Roman numbering system.

Let's look at an example. Assume the problem states we have a salt which is iron chloride. This would be an improper name, as iron has two oxidation states: +2 and +3. That's why we have the rules of IUPAC naming to avoid ambiguity. If we had iron with an oxidation state of +2, we'd call the salt iron(II) chloride. An oxidation state of +3 would indicate iron(III) chloride.

To summarize, the main key of knowing the charge of a transition metal in a compound is to follow the IUPAC naming rules.

Answer:

1. Double displacement reaction

2. Trisodium phosphate and potassium hydroxide

3. Sodium hydroxide and Potassium phosphate

Explanation:

1)

The given chemical reaction is as follows.

[tex]Na_{3}PO_{4}+KOH\rightarrow NaOH+K_{3}PO_{4}[/tex]

The balanced chemical reaction is as follows.

[tex]Na_{3}PO_{4}+3KOH\rightarrow 3NaOH+K_{3}PO_{4}[/tex]

In the above reaction two reactants are exchange their cations. Therefore, it is a double displacement reaction.

2)

[tex]Na_{3}PO_{4}+3KOH\rightarrow 3NaOH+K_{3}PO_{4}[/tex]

In the above reaction left side of the reaction is considered as reactants.

[tex]Na_{3}PO_{4}[/tex] - Trisodium phosphate

[tex]KOH[/tex] - Potassium hydroxide

3)

[tex]Na_{3}PO_{4}+3KOH\rightarrow 3NaOH+K_{3}PO_{4}[/tex]

In the above reaction right side of the reaction is considered as products.

[tex]NaOH[/tex] - Sodium hydroxide

[tex]K_{3}PO_{4}[/tex] - Potassium phosphate.

Answer:

The natural method of removal of CO2 is

Photosynthesis by plants

Absorption of CO2 from the atmosphere by ocean water

Melting of glacial ice

Explanation:

Respiration of living organism : In this process, Oxygen is consumed(removed) and Carbon dioxide(CO2 ) is formed.So it forms CO2 .

Photosynthesis by plants: Green plant containing. prepare their food in presence of sunlight by using CO2 , water ,Hence CO2 is removed from atmosphere.

Evaporation of ocean water : It increases the level of CO2 in atmosphere. The heating of oceans surface Degassed CO2 to atmosphere.

Absorption of CO2 from the atmosphere by ocean water : the plants under the oceans needs CO2 to carry out photosynthesis .Hence oceans absorbs CO2 from atmosphere .Here, CO2 is removed from atmosphere.

Melting of glacial ice : Glacial ice absorb carbon dioxide because it does not have organism respiration (organisms releasing CO2 ).They capture large amount of CO2 and called CO2 sinks.(Remove CO2)

Answer:photosynthesis by plants

absorption of CO2 from the atmosphere by ocean water

Explanation:

Photosynthesis involves the combination of CO2 with water to form glucose and subsequently complex carbohydrates. Plants constitute a very important sink for carbon IV oxide in nature. Secondly, oceans absorb carbon IV oxide to maintain the concentration of bicarbonate in the water. These are two important natural methods that remove CO2 from the environment.

Answer:

Radon

Explanation:

Group eighteen elements are called noble gases. This group includes helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon.

Radon is present at the last of this column.

Atomic radii trend along group:

As we move down the group atomic radii increased with increase of atomic number. The addition of electron in next level cause the atomic radii to increased. The hold of nucleus on valance shell become weaker because of shielding of electrons thus size of atom increased.

As the size of atom increases the ionization energy from top to bottom also  decreases because it becomes easier to remove the electron because of less nuclear attraction and as more electrons are added the outer electrons becomes more shielded and away from nucleus.

Thus radon has largest atomic radius.

Answer:Rn =Radon

Explanation:

Answer:

1: due to difference in reactivity and melting point

2 during the reaction both combine with oxygen in this case magnesium remain solid but some potassium vaporise

The burning of Magnesium ribbon in the air is a chemical change.

            2Mg (s) + O2 (g) ⇒ 2MgO (s)

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Answer:

2NaOH + H2CO3 —> Na2CO3 + 2H2O

Explanation:

To balance the equation NaOH + H₂CO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O, introduce a coefficient of 2 before NaOH and H2O resulting in the balanced chemical equation 2NaOH + H₂CO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + 2H₂O

To balance the chemical equation NaOH + H2CO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O, we need to ensure that the number of atoms of each element on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms of that element on the product side. The original equation is already balanced with respect to carbon and oxygen, but not with sodium and hydrogen. By changing the coefficient for NaOH to 2, the equation becomes balanced for sodium. Hence, the balanced chemical equation is:

2NaOH + H₂CO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O

Now equation is imbalanced with oxygen and hydrogen. To balance the equation with respect to oxygen and hydrogen coefficient 2 is introduced before H2O. Hence, the balanced chemical equation is:

2NaOH + H₂CO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + 2H₂O

The final balanced chemical equation is 2NaOH + H₂CO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + 2H₂O

Answer:

As the options for the question not given, lets try to answer this question generally.

Explanation:

A reliable source can be described as an authentic source which proves or declines an action, research etc.

The most reliable source for scientific information is scientific papers. This is because scientific papers are subjected to peer- review and hence been tested and validated. A peer-review can be described as a judgement or test made by a person on other peoples research, both of the people having equal caliber.

Answer:

It cites valid data because a reliable scientific source needs data to back up what they’re proving.

Explanation:

Answer:

Density.

Explanation:

That is density because it does not depend on the amount of the substance.