3.
A gas has a volume of 225 L at 175 K and 150 kPa. What will be its volume at a temperature
of 112 K and pressure remains constant?
4
.
A gas is heated to 180 K at a constant pressure of 1 atm. If the container expands to hold a
volume of 44.8 L, what was the volume of the gas, at a temperature of 90 K?
A 200 L sample of gas is collected at 50 kPa and a temperature of 271 K. What volume
would this gas occupy at 100 kPa and a temperautre of 14 K?
6.
Find the new volumes if the values given below change to STP (273 K and 101.3 kPa)...
(a) 24.6 L at 25°C and 10 atm

The answer can be solved using Gay-Lussac's law. Relevant values are plugged into the formula where P1/T1=P2/T2 and solving for P2 yields 0.890 atm.

This is a chemistry problem related to the Gas Law, specifically, Gay-Lussac's law, which states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, provided its volume remains constant.

Since the problem does not mention a change in volume, we can assume it's constant. The formula for Gay-Lussac's law is P1/T1=P2/T2, where P is the pressure, T is the temperature, and subscripts 1 and 2 refer to the initial and final conditions.

We are given: P1 = 0.750 atm, T1 = 45 C = 318.15 K (converted to Kelvin using the formula K = C + 273.15), and T2 = 105 C = 378.15 K. We are asked to solve for P2.

Plug these values into the formula: (0.750 atm / 318.15 K) = P2 / 378.15 K.  By cross-multiplying and dividing, we solve for P2: P2 = (0.750 atm x 378.15 K) / 318.l5 K = 0.890 atm.

None of the given choices match the calculated answer, suggesting there may be a typo or error in the question.

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Final answer:

DNA is packaged into a structure called a chromosome inside cells. In prokaryotes, supercoiling helps in this process, while in eukaryotes, DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes and further condenses into chromatin fibers, ultimately forming chromosomes.

Explanation:

When the DNA molecule folds, coils, and supercoils to fit inside a cell, it forms a structure known as a chromosome. In prokaryotic cells, like E. coli, DNA supercoiling helps to fit the large DNA molecule into a very small space. In eukaryotic cells, the process is more complex, involving the winding of DNA around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which look like 'beads on a string.' These nucleosomes further coil into a 30-nm chromatin fiber. During cell division, the chromatin fibers condense even further to form the tightly-packed chromosomes visible under a microscope.

The degree of DNA supercoiling can vary, resulting in DNA that is either under-wound or over-wound. Proteins like topoisomerases are involved in maintaining the supercoiled structure of chromosomes, which is crucial for efficient DNA replication and transcription. This intricate packaging allows DNA, which can be up to 2 meters long in humans, to fit within the tiny nucleus of a cell.

Explanation:

Using the periodic table, to predict the chloride that is ionic or not, we should first understand how ionic compounds are formed.

Ionic compounds are formed between  a highly electronegative element and less electronegative one.

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Answer:

1 joule

Explanation:

If you drop a softball from just above your knee, the kinetic energy of the ball just before it hits the ground is about 1 joule

Answer:

When the ball is held up, it has a lot of potential energy and no kinetic energy. As it falls, it starts losing it's potential energy and speeds up to get more kinetic energy. When it hits the floor it has no potential energy, but lots of kinetic energy.

Final answer:

To react completely with 4.5 moles of FeO, 81.0 grams of aluminum are required, based on the stoichiometry of the chemical equation and the molar mass of aluminum.

Explanation:

To find out how many grams of aluminum are needed to react completely with 4.5 mol of FeO, we need to first examine the specific reaction between aluminum (Al) and iron(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃). The balanced chemical equation is:

2 Al(s) + 3 FeO(s) → 3 Fe(s) + Al₂O₃(s).

From this equation, we can deduce that 2 moles of Al are needed to completely react with 3 moles of FeO. Therefore, for 4.5 moles of FeO, the molar ratio of Al to FeO (2:3) indicates that (4.5 mol FeO) × (2 mol Al / 3 mol FeO) = 3 mol Al are required.

The molar mass of Al is 27.0 g/mol. To convert moles of Al to grams, we multiply the moles of Al needed by the molar mass of Al:

3 mol Al × 27.0 g/mol = 81.0 g Al.

Thus, 81.0 grams of aluminum are needed to react completely with 4.5 mol of FeO.

The theory of Plate Tectonics describes the forces and motion of Earth's plates. This theory explains the movement of the Earth's crust on a semi-fluid layer beneath, resulting in geographical phenomenon like earthquakes and mountain formations.

The theory which describes the motion of and the forces driving the Earth's plates is D. Plate Tectonics. The Plate Tectonics theory encompasses the concept of the Earth's crust being made up of large pieces, known as plates, that float on a semi-fluid layer underneath. Over time, these plates shift, bump into each other, or even slip beneath one another, causing many of the Earth's major geographical features such as mountains, valleys, earthquakes and volcanoes. This theory has greatly contributed in our understanding of the Earth's geology, and it complements A. First Law of Motion and B. Third Law of Motion, which are principles from Physics that describe general motion and forces, not specifically Earth's plates.

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The correct answer is (B) This represents a chemical change only.

The fact that a gas is produced in a new and different substance indicates a chemical change. Chemical changes denote the formation of new substances having their own set of chemical qualities. When heat is applied to the substance, it undergoes a chemical reaction giving birth to a given gas.

This transformation entails the rearrangement of atoms and the breaking or formation of chemical bonds. Physical changes, on the other hand, do not alter the chemical composition of a substance. They have changes in physical properties like shape, size, or state of matter without actually forming new substances.

Since the production of another gas indicates a chemical change, the correct statement amidst these options is that the scenario reflects such (option B).

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2 HCl + Ca(oh)2 ---------- CaCl2+ 2 H2O

Answer:

2HCl + Ca(OH)2 -> CaCl2 + 2H2O

Explanation:

This is the balanced equation for this problem the original answer was not balanced properly

Answer:

Ionic equations and net ionic equations are usually written only for reactions that occur in solution and are an attempt to show how the ions present are reacting. While ionic equations show all of the substances present in solution, a net ionic equation shows only those that are changed during the course of the reaction.

Explanation:

example: Mg + 2 HCl MgCl2 + H2

Explanation:

Combination reaction

It is a reaction in which some substances or reactants combine to form a single substance or we can all it as single product .

Like : A + B --> C+D

This combination can be between a element and a element like :

H₂ +O₂--> H₂O

It can be between element and a compound like :

SO₂ + O₂---> SO₃

It can be between a compound and a compound like :

H₂O + CO₂---> H₂CO₃

In the above asked question , the combination is between Cu and a sulphur that is element and a element that is :

Cu + S ---> CuS

                 (copper sulphide )

Answer: Bohr proposed his quantized shell model of the atom to explain how electrons can have stable orbits around the nucleus. 

so C would seems to be right.

Explanation: The energy of an electron depends on the size of the orbit and is lower for smaller orbits. Radiation can occur only when the electron jumps from one orbit to another. The atom will be completely stable in the state with the smallest orbit, since there is no orbit of lower energy into which the electron can jump.

Answer:

d

Explanation:

Just did it on edge

Answer:

Pangaea

Alfred Wegner

plate tectonics

Explanation:

What did Earth look like 250 million years ago? The continents of Earth were clustered together in formation that a scientist named Pangaea.The scientist that named "Pangaea" was a German scientist by the name of Alfred Wegner. He theorized that "Pangaea" split apart and the different landmasses, or continents, drifted to their current locations on the globe. Wegener's theories of plate movement became the basis for the development of the theory of plate tectonics.

Answer:

binary fission

Explanation:

Answer: 2 NH3 => 2 N + 3 H2

Explanation: The equation is now balanced.

2 atoms of N in both the reactant and product side and 6 atoms for H on both sides.

Answer:

                     The chemical formula of Formaldehyde is H₂CO and the structural formula is attached below,

                     The chemical formula of Ammonia is NH₃ and the structural formula is attached below,

FORMALDEHYDE:

                              As shown in structure, there are two different types of bonds in formaldehyde,

        (i) C-H Bond

        (ii) C-O Bond

So the electronegativity difference of these bonds are,

(i) C-H Bond

           Electronegativity of Carbon      =  2.5

           Electronegativity of Hydrogen  =  2.1

                                                               _______

           Electronegativity Difference  =       0.4 (non-polar bond)

(ii) C-O Bond

           Electronegativity of Oxygen      =  3.5

           Electronegativity of Carbon       =  2.5

                                                               _______

           Electronegativity Difference  =       1.0   (polar bond)

AMMONIA:

                              As shown in structure, there is one type of bond in ammonia, and that is N-H bond

So the electronegativity difference in this bond is,

N-H Bond

           Electronegativity of Nitrogen      =  3.0

           Electronegativity of Hydrogen    =  2.1

                                                               _______

           Electronegativity Difference  =        0.9   (polar bond)

The same volume, pressure, and temperature. Option C

Equal volumes of gases at equal temperatures and pressures contain an equal number of molecules, according to Avogadro's principle. Thus, it can be presumed that two gas samples have the same volume, pressure, and temperature if they contain the same number of molecules and no information about changes in circumstances is given.

The relationship between pressure (P), volume (V), and temperature (T) for a given amount of gas (n) is described by the ideal gas law, which is compatible with this.

Answer & Explanation:

As the ball falls towards the ground, its gravitational potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of an object is the energy it possesses due to its motion.

Answer: 12.3 g H2O

Explanation: solution attached:

Answer:

0.9911 mol

Explanation:

Answer: 1.15x10²³ molecules C

Explanation: solution attached:

Convert mass of C to moles using its molar mass then multiply to the Avogadro's number.

The mass of 187 liters of CO2 gas is 0.36 g.

Explanation:

The molecular weight of CO2 is 44 g / mol.

1 kg of CO2 = 1000 g [tex]\times[/tex] ( 1 mole / 44 g) = 22.7 mole of CO2.

By using the ideal gas equation,

                                    PV = nRT

                                      V = nRT / P

where P represents the pressure,

          V represents the volume,

          T represents the temperature,

          R represents the ideal gas constant,

          n represents the amount of substance.

                                   V = (22.7)[tex]\times[/tex](0.0821)[tex]\times[/tex](273.15) / 1

                                   V = 509.6 L of CO2 at STP

            Mass = (187 L of CO2 gas) / (509.6 L of CO2 at STP)

                       = 187 / 509.6

            mass = 0.36 g

To find the mass of 187 liters of CO2 gas at STP, we calculate the number of moles using the molar volume of 22.4 L/mol and then multiply by the molar mass of CO2 (44.01 g/mol) to get a mass of approximately 367.34 grams.

The mass of 187 liters of CO2 gas at STP (standard temperature and pressure) can be calculated by first determining the number of moles of CO2. The molar volume of an ideal gas at STP is 22.4 liters, so by dividing the volume of the gas by the molar volume, we can get the numbers of moles.

Here's the calculation:

Number of moles of CO2 = Volume of CO2 / Molar Volume at STP = 187 L / 22.4 L mol-1

Number of moles = 8.348 moles (rounded to three decimal places)

The molar mass of CO2 is 44.01 g/mol, so now we can calculate the mass:

Mass of CO2 = Number of moles×  Molar Mass = 8.348 moles ×44.01 g/mol

Mass = 367.34 g (rounded to two decimal places)

The mass of 187 liters of CO2 gas at STP is approximately 367.34 grams.

The maximum mass of NaCl is 0.54 g.

Explanation:

The reaction can be represented with the following equation:

                    HCl + NaOH ---->  NaCl + H2O

According  to  the  equation,  equal  amounts  of  chemical  agents  and  resultant  products  (in moles) participate in this reaction.

The amount of hydrochloric acid is as follows:

                            [tex]v_{HCl} = \frac{m_{HCl} }{M_{HCl} }[/tex] [tex]= \frac{m_{HCl} }{A_{H} + A_{Cl} }[/tex]

                                     = 1.1 / (1 + 35.46)

                            [tex]v_{HCl}[/tex]  = 0.030 moles.

where m is the mass,

           A is the atomic mass of an element.

The amount of sodium hydroxide is as follows:

                           [tex]v_{NaOH} = \frac{m_{NaOH} }{M_{NaOH} } = \frac{m_{NaOH} }{A_{Na} + A_{O} + A_{H} }[/tex]

                                        = 0.420 / (23 + 16 + 1)

                                        = 0.0105 moles.

Since  the  amount  of  sodium  hydroxide  exceeds  the  amount  of  hydrochloric  acid,  the maximum amount of each substance participating in the reaction is v = [tex]v_{HCl}[/tex] = 0.030 moles.

Therefore, the maximum amount of water that can be produced is as follows:

                             [tex]m_{H2O} = M_{H2O} \times v_{H2O} = (2A_{H} + A_{O} ) \times v[/tex]

                                        = (2 [tex]\times[/tex] 1 + 16) [tex]\times[/tex] 0.030 = 0.54 g.

          The maximum mass of NaCl is 0.54 g.

Determining if a rock is magnetic is an example of investigating an intensive property.

C. determining if a rock is magnetic

Explanation:

Intensive properties don't rely upon the measure of the substance present. A few instances of serious properties are shading, taste, and dissolving point. Partitioning one broad property by another broad property, by and large, gives a concentrated worth—for instance, mass (broad) isolated by volume (broad) gives thickness (escalated). The proportion between the two broad properties is a concentrated property. For instance, mass and volume are broad properties, however, their proportion (thickness) is a concentrated property of issue.

Intensive properties are independent of the amount of substance present. The example of investigating an intensive property given is 'determining if a rock is magnetic'. This is distinguished from extensive properties, like mass, length, and volume.

An intensive property is a property of a substance that does not depend on the amount of the substance present. They include properties like temperature, color, hardness, melting point, boiling point, pressure, molecular weight, and density. Among the examples provided, the one that involves an investigation of an intensive property is 'determining if a rock is magnetic'. Whether a rock is magnetic or not is independent of the amount of material you have.

This is contrasted with extensive properties, which do depend on the amount of the substance present. Examples of these would include mass, length, and volume—all options provided except determining if a rock is magnetic.

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Answer: The earth is like a recycling center because as things are being used other organisms can use their waste to live.

Explanation: The cycle is cyclic allowing for the cycle to never end unless things are destroyed.

Earth is compared to a gigantic recycling center due to its natural recycling processes like the water and carbon cycles, and human-driven recycling practices. While recycling reduces environmental impact compared to using primary resources, challenges such as plastic waste remain significant, exemplifying Earth's complex role in managing and recycling its resources.

The Earth can be likened to a gigantic recycling center due to its processes that replicate recycling. Much like a recycling center, the Earth undergoes continuous cycles of using, reusing, and disposing materials. For example, within the water cycle, water is evaporated, condensed, and precipitated repeatedly, ensuring it's continuously recycled. The carbon cycle sees carbon atoms move from atmosphere to plants, to animals, and back to the atmosphere. This demonstrates Earth's natural capacity to recycle nutrients and elements, keeping ecosystems functioning.

Beyond natural cycles, human activities also contribute to Earth's role as a recycler. Material recycling, including metal and paper, has environmental impacts but is still favorable compared to using primary resources. The energy required for recycling metals, especially aluminum, is less than that for extracting and processing the raw materials. Recycling paper saves trees, a vital resource, and maintains biodiversity. However, plastic recycling is less efficient in terms of energy and resource use, so reducing its use is preferable.

Challenges arise when the conversation turns to the sheer volume of waste humans produce, like over 300 million metric tons of plastic annually, some ending up in places like the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Despite recycling efforts, the quest for waste management solutions persists. These facts showcase Earth's extensive recycling mechanisms, both natural and human-driven.

Answer:

                     D) There are fewer grams of HCl than Mg(OH)₂

Explanation:

                    The balance chemical equation for given reaction is as;

                        Mg(OH)₂ + 2 HCl → MgCl₂ + 2 H₂O

Step 1: Calculate Moles of Mg(OH)₂ and HCl as;

Mg(OH)₂:

              Moles  =  Mass / M.Mass

              Moles  =  25.3 g / 58.319 g/mol

              Moles  =  0.433 moles of Mg(OH)₂

HCl:

              Moles  =  Mass / M.Mass

              Moles  =  22.5 g / 36.460 g/mol

              Moles  =  0.617 moles of HCl

Step 2: Find out Limiting reagent as;

According to equation,

                   1 mole of Mg(OH)₂ reacted with  =  2 moles of HCl

So,

             0.433 moles of Mg(OH)₂ will react with  =  X moles of HCl

Solving for X,

                     X  =  0.433 mol × 2 mol / 1 mol

                    X =  0.866 moles of HCl

This means for given amount of Mg(OH)₂ we require 0.866 moles of Hcl while, we are only provided with 0.617 moles of HCl hence, HCl is the limiting reagent and will control the final yields of products.

Step 3: Find out Moles of MgCl₂ produced;

According to equation,

                   2 moles of HCl produced  =  1 mole of MgCl₂

So,

             0.617 moles of HCl will produce  =  X moles of MgCl₂

Solving for X,

                     X  =  0.617 mol × 1 mol / 2 mol

                    X =  0.3085 moles of MgCl₂

Step 4: Calculate Mass of MgCl₂ as;

                   Mass  =  Moles × M.Mass

                   Mass  =  0.3085 mol × 36.46 g/mol

                   Mass =  11.24 g of MgCl₂

Answer:

A) The amounts of both reactants are given.

Explanation:

The amounts of both reactants are given. You cannot tell which reactant will be used up first. Calculate the mass of product that can be produced from the amount of the first reactant; calculate the mass of product that can be produced from the second reactant. Compare the two. The limiting reactant produces the least product.

Answer:

all of em

Explanation:

Final answer:

When a fluid cools, the density increases as molecules move closer together due to a decrease in kinetic energy, causing the fluid to sink.

Explanation:

Density of the fluid increases as the temperature decreases and molecules move closer together due to a decrease in kinetic energy, causing the fluid to sink. This phenomenon is observed in various liquids, including water, where as the temperature drops, the density of the liquid increases.

Answer: 51g

Explanation:

n = m/M (where 'n' is the number of moles, 'm' is the mass and 'M' is the molar mass)

n = 3 moles (Given in the question)

M = 17

(This is because nitrogen has a relative mass of 4u and hydrogen has a relative mass of 1u)

We can rearrange the equation and get that

n * M = m

Therefore, 3 * 17 gives you the mass of 3 moles of ammonia

Which is 51g.

Answer: 51g

Explanation:

To solve for the mass of 3 moles of ammonia(NH3), let's get the mass of 1 mole of ammonia(NH3)

1mole of ammonia (NH3) = 14 +(3x1) = 17g.

Therefore,

3 moles of NH3 = 3 x 17 = 51g

Answer:

density

Explanation:

There are, mainly, three states of matter (solid, liquid and gas). These can be defined differently from the other according to their physical properties. In order to do this, scientists use the word "density" to compare their properties.

Solid has a higher density compared to liquid and gas. This is because its particles are tightly packed. Liquid has a lower density when compared to solid because its particles are loosely arranged. Gas has the lowest density among the three. This means that the gas particles have a very big space, thus rising to a higher kinetic energy.

Thus, this explains the answer.

Answer:

Morphine Sulfate 10 mg/ml solution for injection

Explanation:

Each ml of solution for injection contains 10 mg Morphine Sulfate

This medicine contains a maximum of 3.3 mg of sodium per each 1 ml ampoule.