A 13.2 mL rock weighs 47.6 g. Determine it's density. (Show ALL Work)

Answer:

the arrangement and types of atoms

Explanation:

A hummingbird weighing 10^-2 kg contains approximately one trillion cells, assuming the average cell is ten times the mass of a bacterium. For a human weighing 70 kg with the same assumption, it would contain around 7 quadrillion cells.

To calculate the number of cells in a hummingbird assuming it weighs 10-2 kg and considering the mass of an average cell is ten times the mass of a bacterium, we first need to establish the average mass of a bacterium. From the reference information given, we understand that the mass of a bacterium is on the order of 10-15 kg. Therefore, the average cell mass would be 10 times this, which is 10-14 kg.

Next, we divide the total mass of the hummingbird by the mass of one of its cells to determine the number of cells:

Number of cells = Mass of hummingbird / Mass of one cell
Number of cells = 10-2 kg / 10-14 kg
Number of cells = 1012

Therefore, a hummingbird that weighs 10-2 kg contains approximately one trillion (1012) cells.

To address part (b) of the question, assuming a human weighs about 70 kg and also assuming the mass of a human cell is ten times the mass of a bacterium (10-14 kg), we can perform a similar calculation:

Number of cells in a human = Mass of human / Mass of one cell
Number of cells in a human = 70 kg / 10-14 kg
Number of cells in a human = 7 x 1015

This suggests that a human has around 7 quadrillion (7 x 1015) cells.

Final answer:

The student observed a chemical reaction characterized by a color change and the formation of a new substance, indicating an energy transfer. Such changes signify that the original red powder has chemically altered into a new material.

Explanation:

Based on the description of the red powder that darkens before changing into a shiny silvery liquid upon heating, the student can conclude that a chemical reaction has occurred. This conclusion is supported by several indications that a chemical change has taken place. Color change and the formation of a new substance (silver liquid from a red powder) provide evidence that original substances have been transformed into different materials with distinct properties.

Furthermore, such changes are also indicative of the possibility that energy transfer has occurred, evidenced by the exothermic reaction that produces heat. This would be consistent with the visual clues that suggest a chemical reaction is likely taking place according to provided reference summaries.

The Mg element is the reducing agent and the Fe element is the oxidizing agent

The oxidation-reduction reaction or abbreviated as Redox is a chemical reaction in which there is a change in oxidation number

3 basic theories explain this Redox concept:

The oxidation reaction is the binding of a substance with oxygen. (O₂)

For example:

2SO₂ + O₂ ----> 2SO₃

The reduction reaction is the release of oxygen from a substance.

For example:

2CuO → 2Cu + O₂

Oxidation is an electron release event

Example:

2F ---> 2Fe³⁺ + 6e⁻

The reduction is an electron capture event

Example:

3O₂ + 6e⁻ ---> 3O²⁻

Oxidation is an increase/increase in oxidation number, while reduction is a decrease in oxidation number.

In the redox reaction, it is also known

Reducing agents are substances that experience oxidation

The oxidizing agent is a substance that is reduced

The formula for determining Oxidation Numbers in general:

1. Single element atomic oxidation number = 0. Examples of Ar, Mg, Cu, Fe, N₂, O₂, etc. = 0

Group IA (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr): +1

Group IIA (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba): +2

H in compound = +1, except metal hydride compounds (Hydrogen which binds to IA or IIA groups) oxidation number H= -1, for example, LiH, MgH₂, etc.

2. Oxidation number O in compound = -2, except OF2 = + 2 and in peroxide (Na₂O₂, BaO₂) = -1 and superoxide, for example KO₂ = -1/2.

3 The oxidation number in an uncharged compound = 0,

Total oxidation number in ion = ion charge, Example NO₃⁻ = -1

Redox reactions are reactions that are accompanied by changes in oxidation numbers, so what must be examined is whether there are elements that experience changes in oxidation numbers in the reaction

Let's look at the reaction

Mg(s)+Fe²⁺(aq)→Mg²⁺(aq)+Fe(s)

Let see the change in the oxidation number of each element

Mg on the left = 0 (single element)

Fe²⁺ on the left = +2 ( ion charge)

Mg on the right = +2 ( ion charge)

Fe on the right = 0 (single element)

Means that the element Mg has increased oxidation number from 0 to +2 so that it experiences an oxidation reaction and acts as a reducing agent

While Fe has decreased the oxidation number from +2 to 0, so it has a reduction reaction and acts as an oxidizer

an oxidation-reduction reaction

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a reducing agent

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element is reduced

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Keywords: oxidation-reduction, an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent

The correct options are A and B.

The correct ions with noble gas electron configurations are A. [tex]$\mathrm{H}^{-}$[/tex] and B. [tex]$\mathrm{Na}^{+}$[/tex].

The electron configuration of a noble gas is characterized by a completely filled electron shell. Noble gases have electron configurations that end in s²p⁶, where 's' and 'p' represent the electron orbitals. Let's analyze the ions in question:

A. [tex]$\mathrm{H}^{-}$[/tex]: Hydrogen normally has 1 electron in its 1s orbital. However, [tex]$\mathrm{H}^{-}$[/tex] has gained an extra electron, making its electron configuration 1s², which is similar to helium, a noble gas.

B. [tex]$\mathrm{Na}^{+}$[/tex]: Sodium has an electron configuration of [Ne] 3s¹, but [tex]$\mathrm{Na}^{+}$[/tex] loses its 3s¹ electron to become [Ne], which is like a noble gas configuration.

C. [tex]$\mathrm{Br}^{+}$[/tex]: Bromine normally has an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵. When it loses an electron to form [tex]$\mathrm{Br}^{+}$[/tex], it becomes [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴, which is not a noble gas configuration.

D. [tex]$\mathrm{F}^{+}$[/tex]: Fluorine normally has an electron configuration of [He] 2s² 2p⁵. When it loses an electron to form [tex]$\mathrm{F}^{+}$[/tex], it becomes [He] 2s² 2p⁴, which is not a noble gas configuration.

So, the ions that possess the electron configuration of a noble gas are A. [tex]$\mathrm{H}^{-}$[/tex] and B. [tex]$\mathrm{Na}^{+}$[/tex].

The complete question is here:

Select the ions below which possess the electron configuration of a noble gas.

A. [tex]$\mathrm{H}^{-}$[/tex]

B. [tex]$\mathrm{Na}^{+}$[/tex]

C. [tex]$\mathrm{Br}^{+}$[/tex]

D. [tex]$\mathrm{F}^{+}$[/tex]

The ions Cl-, O2-, H-, and Na+ all have the electron configuration of a noble gas: Cl- matches Argon, O2- matches Neon, H- matches Helium, and Na+ matches Neon.

The question is asking us to identify which ions have the electron configuration of a noble gas. In the periodic table, noble gases have a full outer shell of electrons, typically reaching the stable octet configuration. Let's examine the ions given:

All of these ions indeed match the noble gas configurations; Cl− matches Argon, O2− matches Neon, H− matches Helium, and Na+ matches Neon.

Complete Question: Select the ions below which possess the electron configuration of a noble gas.

Cl−

O2−

H −

Na +

Option A= mass/volume

Density is a measurement that compares the amount of matter an object has to its volume. An object with much matter in a certain volume has high density. An object with little matter in the same amount of volume has a low density. Density is found by dividing the mass of an object by its volume.

The symbol most often used for density is ρ.

The formula for density is d = M/V, where d is density, M is mass, and V is volume.  

Answer : The mass of human blood in grams and ounce are 5830 grams and 205.647 ounce.

Explanation :

Density : It is defined as the mass contained per unit volume.

Formula used for density :

[tex]Density=\frac{Mass}{Volume}[/tex]

Given :

Density of human blood = 1.06 g/mL

Volume of human blood = 5.5 L = 5500 mL

conversion used : 1 L = 1000 mL

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get the mass of human blood.

[tex]1.06g/mL=\frac{Mass}{5500mL}[/tex]

[tex]Mass=5830g[/tex]

The mass of human blood in grams = 5830 grams

Conversion used :

[tex]1\text{ ounce}=28.3495g\\\\1g=\frac{1}{28.3495}\text{ ounce}[/tex]

As, [tex]1g=\frac{1}{28.3495}\text{ ounce}[/tex]

So, [tex]5830g=\frac{5830g}{1g}\times \frac{1}{28.3495}\text{ ounce}=205.647\text{ ounce}[/tex]

Therefore, the mass of human blood in grams and ounce are 5830 grams and 205.647 ounce.

Answer: It follows the law of original lateral continuity.

Explanation: Sediment is something that settle down in the liquid.

Law of Original Horizontality: This law states that the rocks and sediments are deposited horizontally.

Law of Superposition: This law states that the younger rocks are deposited or super imposed on the oldest rocks.

Law of Original Lateral Continuity: This law states that the sediment layers extent laterally or horizontally in all the direction as the younger rocks are added to the older rock which means that they are laterally continuous.

Law o Gravity and oppositional force: This law states that each particle attracts every other particle in the universe and is directly proportional to the product of the masses of two particles and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Law of cross-cutting relationship: This law states that fault which is cutting the rock is always younger than the rock.

From the above explained Law's, it is clear that the sediment follows Law of original lateral continuity.

To solve this problem, we must be given first the density of air at 20 degrees Celsius. Looking up online, this is equal to:

density air (20C) = 0.0012041 g/mL

so that the volume is:

volume balloon = 0.57 g / (0.0012041 g/mL)

volume balloon = 473.38 mL

Final answer:

The structural formula for 1-pentanol, an alcohol derived from pentane, is CH3(CH2)3CH2OH, with the OH group attached to the first carbon atom of the pentane chain.

Explanation:

To write the structural formula for 1-pentanol, start by considering the structure of pentane, C5H12. Since 1-pentanol is an alcohol derived by making a substitution on one of the carbon atoms of pentane, you replace a hydrogen on the first carbon with an OH (hydroxyl group). This yields the structural formula for 1-pentanol, which is CH3(CH2)3CH2OH, with the OH group attached to the first (terminal) carbon. 1-Pentanol is an alcohol with its hydroxyl group attached to the end carbon atom in the five-carbon chain. Therefore, the molecule is named as such, and the number 1 in 1-pentanol shows that the hydroxyl group is on the first carbon. The molecular ion mass (M+1) is 102, and this molecule would be a substituted alkane if additional substituents like chlorine were added.

Final answer:

To find the mass of a bronze cylinder, calculate its volume using its dimensions, then compute the weighted average density based on the proportions of copper and tin, and finally multiply the volume by this average density. Convert to scientific notation as the last step.

Explanation:

To calculate the mass of the bronze cylinder, we must first determine its volume using the formula for the volume of a cylinder, V = πr^2h, where π is Pi, r is the radius, and h is the height or length of the cylinder. Then, we can use the composition percentages of copper (Cu) and tin (Sn) along with their densities to calculate the mass.

First, we must assume that the alloy is uniformly mixed such that the ratio of the densities corresponds exactly to the percentage composition provided. Now, let's calculate the volume:

Radius (r) = 3.77 cm

Length (h) = 35.38 cm

Volume (V) = π * (3.77 cm)^2 * 35.38 cm

Next, we calculate the contribution of each metal's mass to the total mass of the cylinder:

Density of Cu = 8.94 g/cm^3

Density of Sn = 7.31 g/cm^3

Percentage of Cu = 79.42%

Percentage of Sn = 20.58%

To find the total mass (m), we multiply the volume (V) by the weighted average density (ρ_avg), which factors in the percentages of Cu and Sn:

ρ_avg = (0.7942 * 8.94 g/cm^3) + (0.2058 * 7.31 g/cm^3)

Mass (m) = Volume (V) * ρ_avg

Lastly, the mass can be converted to scientific notation as required.

The complete dissolution of 0.025 M [tex]\rm K_2CO_3[/tex] will result in 0.050 M [tex]\rm K^+[/tex].

The complete dissolution of [tex]\rm K_2CO_3[/tex] will result in:

[tex]\rm K_2CO_3\;\rightarrow\;2\;K^+\;+\;CO_3^2^-[/tex]

1 molecule of [tex]\rm K_2CO_3[/tex] will gives 2 molecules of [tex]\rm K^+[/tex].

So 0.025 M [tex]\rm K_2CO_3[/tex] will give: 1 M

0.025 M [tex]\rm K_2CO_3[/tex] = [tex]\rm 0.025\;\times\;2\;K^+[/tex] M

= 0.05 M [tex]\rm K^+[/tex].

Thus the complete dissolution of 0.025 M [tex]\rm K_2CO_3[/tex] will result in 0.050 M [tex]\rm K^+[/tex]

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Final answer:

In an experiment with a 2.00-g sample of CaO reacting to form 2.14 g of Ca(OH)₂, the percent yield is calculated as more than 100%, suggesting an error in measurement or theoretical yield assumptions.

Explanation:

In this experiment, a 2.00-g sample of CaO is reacted with excess water to produce Ca(OH)₂, and 2.14 g of Ca(OH)₂ is recovered. To calculate the percent yield of this reaction, we first need to understand that percent yield is calculated using the formula: percent yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100%. However, to calculate the percent yield in this case, we will presuppose that under ideal conditions, the reaction of the 2.00 g of CaO would yield an equivalent molar amount of Ca(OH)₂.

Without going into detailed stoichiometry and assuming perfect conversion, the amount ofCa(OH)₂ produced directly mirrors the starting amount of CaO due to the 1:1 molar ratio in the reaction CaO + H2O = Ca(OH)₂. If 2.14 g of Ca(OH)2 is the actual yield and we accept the theoretical yield as 2.00 g (for simplicity, and acknowledging that the real theoretical yield would require molar mass calculations), the percent yield can be calculated as follows: percent yield = (2.14 / 2.00) x 100% = 107%.

The calculation example here demonstrates the concept of percent yield but importantly highlights that a yield over 100% indicates a discrepancy, possibly in measurement or assumption of theoretical yield without correct stoichiometric calculation.

First get the sum of the mass of each substance.

total mass = 3.50 g + 4.80 g + 7.20 g

total mass = 15.50 g

The percentage mass would be:

% mass = (7.20 g / 15.50 g) * 100%

% mass = 46.45%

To find the molar mass of the sugar, rearrange the osmotic pressure formula II = MRT, solve for M (molarity), use the given osmotic pressure and temperature in Kelvin to calculate the molarity, and then use the molarity and given mass of the sugar to find the molar mass.

To find the molar mass of the sugar, we need to rearrange the osmotic pressure formula (II = MRT) to solve for M (molarity). We can use the given osmotic pressure (31.5 mmHg) and temperature (39°C) in Kelvin (312 K) to calculate the molarity.

Then, we can use the molarity and the given mass of the sugar (1.10 g) to find the number of moles. Finally, dividing the mass by the number of moles will give us the molar mass of the sugar, which is approximately 176.1 g/mol.

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When the candy is burned, the heat transferred to the water is 13500 small calories. Consequently, there are 135 dietary Calories (Cal) per gram of the candy, calculated from the temperature change and the mass of the water and candy.

To calculate the number of Calories per gram of candy based on a calorimetry experiment, we use the concept of specific heat capacity. The specific heat capacity of water is typically 4.184 J/g°C (or 1 cal/g°C). Given that 1,000 small calories are equivalent to one large calorie (also known as the dietary Calorie), we can determine the amount of heat transferred to the water in Calories and then divide by the mass of the candy.

We'll apply the formula: Heat (q) = mass (m) × specific heat capacity (c) × temperature change (ΔT), then convert joules to Calories and determine the Calories per gram of candy.

Let's calculate: mass of water = 1.00 kg = 1000 g, specific heat capacity of water = 1 cal/g°C, initial temperature = 21.0 °C, final temperature = 34.5 °C. Heat (q) = (1000 g) × (1 cal/g°C) × (34.5 °C - 21.0 °C) = 1000 g × 1 cal/g°C × 13.5 °C = 13500 cal. This is the heat absorbed by the water, which is the heat released by burning the candy. To find the Calories per gram of candy, we then divide this value by the mass of the candy: Calories/g = 13500 cal / 0.100 g = 135000 cal/g = 135 Cal/g.

The volume of methimazole solution required to deliver a 25 mg dose of the drug, given a concentration of 6.0 mg/mL, is a little over 4 mL.

The patient needs to receive 25 mg of methimazole that is available at a concentration of 6.0 mg/mL. To calculate the volume, we'll use the simple formula: volume = desired dose / concentration. Therefore, the volume = 25 mg / 6.0 mg/mL, which results in a little more than 4 mL, which is the amount of methimazole solution needed for the patient's dose.

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The chemical reaction between solution of barium chloride and potassium sulfate will form a precipitate of barium sulfate.

Chemical reactions are defined as reactions which occur when a substance combines with another substance to form a new substance.Alternatively, when a substance breaks down or decomposes to give new substances it is also considered to be a chemical reaction.

There are several characteristics of chemical reactions like change in color, change in state , change in odor and change in composition . During chemical reaction there is also formation of precipitate an insoluble mass of substance or even evolution of gases.

There are three types of chemical reactions:

1) inorganic reactions

2)organic reactions

3) biochemical reactions

During chemical reactions atoms are rearranged and changes are accompanied by an energy change as new substances are formed.

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The correct answer is option 3 and 5.

Compounds are made up of a mixture of 2 or more elements such as H₂O or NaCl.

Compounds have physical properties that are constant and hence allow us to identify them. Different physical properties include color, solubility, mass, odor, density, boiling point, melting point etc

Answer:

The correct answers are, "Maintain Original Physical Properties", "Mixture of 2 or More Elements", and "Physical Change"

Explanation:

Answer: The precipitate is [tex]Ba_3(PO_4)_2[/tex] and 1 molecule of Barium phosphate and 6 molecules of Potassium nitrate is formed.

Explanation: We are given Barium nitrate and Potassium phosphate , that will lead to the formation of Barium phosphate and Potassium nitrate.

As we know that these solutions are present in water, therefore we will obtain Barium phosphate as a precipitate because Barium phosphate is insoluble in water and Potassium nitrate is soluble in water. Thus the reaction is

[tex]Ba(NO_3)_2(aq.)+K_3PO_4(aq.)\rightarrow Ba_3(PO_4)_2(ppt.)+KNO_3(aq.)[/tex]

To know how many molecules are formed at the end, we need to balance the above equation.

Balancing the equation, we get:

[tex]3Ba(NO_3)_2(aq.)+2K_3PO_4(aq.)\rightarrow Ba_3(PO_4)_2(ppt.)+6KNO_3(aq.)[/tex]

Thus, we get 1 molecule of Barium phosphate as a precipitate and 6 molecules of Potassium nitrate which is easily soluble in water.

Answer:

The barium phosphate is precipitate and 1 molecule is formed.

According to the reaction mentioned,

[tex]\rm \bold { 3BaNO_3_(_a_q_)+ 2K_3PO_4_(_a_q_) \rightarrow Ba_3(PO_4)_2_(_p_p_t_)+ 6 KNO_3_(_a_q_)}[/tex]

We can conclude that, the barium phosphate is precipitate and 1 molecule is formed.

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