Answer: up to 4 other atoms.
Explanation:
Hybridization sp³ means that the atom has 4 equal orbitals formed by the combination of 1 s and 3 p orbitals.Each of these sp³ orbitals is a place for a chemical bonding.Hence, since each orbital is able to bind a different atom, you conclude that a central atom that is sp³ hydridized could bind up to 4 other atoms.This is precisely the case for carbon (C) atoms.
Carbon has atomic number 6. So its electron configuration is 1s² 2s²p².
The four electrons in the level 2, those shown in 2s² 2p², are in two different orbitals: two are in the orbital 2s and two are in the orbitals 2p.
This diagram shows how those 4 electrons fill the orbitals
2s⇅ 2px↑ 2py↑The two 2s electrons have lower energy level than the 2px and 2 py electrons, but the difference is not too big.That is why one of the electrons in the 2s ortital can be promoted to the empty 2pz orbital, and you get 4 equal hydridized ortibals, so called sp³.
And that is why, carbon (C) ends up with 4 equal (hydridized) orbitals which can bind up to 4 different atoms, including other carbon atoms, and so, form long chains and, virtually, infinite compounds.
A sp³ hybridized central atom could bind up to four other atoms, due to the four sp³ hybrid orbitals formed from the hybridization process.
Explanation:The central atom in a molecule that is sp³ hybridized is surrounded by a tetrahedral arrangement of bonding pairs and lone pairs, consisting of a set of four sp³ hybrid orbitals. This hybridization results from the mixing of one s orbital and all three p orbitals, generating four identical sp³ hybrid orbitals, each pointing towards a difference corner of a tetrahedron. This means that a sp3 hybridized central atom could bind up to four other atoms.
For instance, the carbon atoms in a methane molecule (CH₄) are sp³ hybridized, and each carbon atom is connected to four hydrogen atoms. Also, the nitrogen atom in ammonia (NH₃) is sp³ hybridized, binding to three hydrogen atoms and also holding a lone pair of electrons in the fourth sp3 hybrid orbital.
Learn more about sp³ Hybridization here:https://brainly.com/question/33443647
#SPJ12
Enzymes catalyze reaction by stabilizing the _________. If the enzyme binds to the substrate too well, the activation energy for the catalyzed reaction _________. Thus, the enzyme binds best to the _________, and the activation energy _________.
by photosynthesis make it enzymes
Answer:
Transition state, decreases, substrates & gets decreased.
Explanation:
Most of the chemical reactions are slow because of the transition state barriers. It requires a lot of energy to cross the transition state barriers. So enzymes provide an alternate pathway for carrying out the reaction by stabilizing the transition state. When enzymes interact with the substrates with the help of functional groups present in their active sites it results in the lowering of activation energy because the transition state gets stabilized with the help of enzyme.
Calculate the pH during the titration of 30.00 mL of 0.1000 M HCOOH(aq) with 0.1000 M NaOH(aq) after 29.3 mL of the base have been added. Ka of formic acid = 1.8 x 10-4.
The moles of acid (HCOOH) and base (NaOH) were calculated based on their respective volumes and concentrations. The moles of excess acid, along with the total volume, were used to determine the concentration of excess acid. Using this concentration, the pH during the titration was found to be 3.336.
Calculate the moles of acid and base:
Moles of HCOOH = (Volume) * (Concentration) = (30.0 mL) * (0.1000 M)
Moles of NaOH = (29.3 mL) * (0.1000 M)
Calculate the moles of excess acid:
Moles of excess HCOOH = (Moles of HCOOH) - (Moles of NaOH)
Calculate the concentration of excess acid:
Concentration of excess HCOOH = (Moles of excess HCOOH) / (Total volume)
Total volume = 30.0 mL + 29.3 mL
Use the concentration of excess acid to find [H+]:
[H+] = sqrt(Ka * Concentration of excess HCOOH)
The formula [H+] = sqrt(Ka * C) comes from the equilibrium expression for a weak acid, where C is the concentration of the acid.
Calculate pH:
pH = -log[H+]
Now, let's substitute the values:
Moles of HCOOH = (30.0 mL) * (0.1000 M) = 0.003 moles
Moles of NaOH = (29.3 mL) * (0.1000 M) = 0.00293 moles
Moles of excess HCOOH = 0.003 moles - 0.00293 moles = 6.72 x 10^-5 moles
Total volume = 30.0 mL + 29.3 mL = 59.3 mL = 0.0593 L
Concentration of excess HCOOH = (6.72 x 10^-5 moles) / (0.0593 L) = 1.13 x 10^-3 M
[H+] = sqrt((1.8 x 10^-4) * (1.13 x 10^-3 M)) = 4.61 x 10^-4 M
pH = -log(4.61 x 10^-4) = 3.336
Therefore, the pH during the titration is 3.336.
In the periodic table of elements, which of the following electron configurations would be the element following oxygen?
The answer would be C, because it is the follower up of oxygen.
What gas is released when potassium permanganate is decomposed
Potassium permanganate will decompose into potassium manganate, manganese dioxide and oxygen gas: 2KMnO4 → K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O. When Potassium permanganate is heated it turns to Potassium manganate, manganese dioxide and oxygen gas
When potassium permanganate is decomposed, oxygen gas is released.
Potassium permanganate can be thermally decomposed according to the following equation:
[tex]2KMnO_4 --->K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2[/tex]
The products formed are potassium manganate (K2MnO4), Manganese dioxide (MnO2), and oxygen (O2). Out of all the products, the only one that is gas is O2.
If the reaction is carried out in an open chamber, the oxygen gas would be released.
More on potassium permanganate can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/20630418
How many total moles of ions are released when the following sample dissolves completely in water? 6.188 x 10 21 formula units of NiCl 2 a. 1.36 mol of ions b. 1.86 mol of ions c. 3.08 x 1022 mol of ions d. 0.0205 mol of ions e. 3.08 x 10-2 mol of ions
Answer:
e. 3.08 x 10⁻² mol of ions.
Explanation:
Every 1.0 mole of any compound contains Avogadro's number of molecules (6.022 x 10²³).We can get the no. of moles of NiCl₂ using cross multiplication:1.0 mol NiCl₂ contains → 6.022 x 10²³ molecules.
??? mol NiCl₂ contains → 6.188 x 10²¹ molecules.
∴ The no. of moles of NiCl₂ = (1.0 mol)(6.188 x 10²¹ molecules)/(6.022 x 10²³ molecules) = 1.028 x 10⁻² mol.
NiCl₂ is ionized according to the equation:NiCl₂ → Ni²⁺ + 2Cl⁻.
Which means that every 1.0 mol of NiCl₂ is ionized to produce 3.0 moles (1.0 mol of Ni²⁺ and 2 moles of Cl⁻).
∴ The total moles of ions are released = 3 x 1.028 x 10⁻² mol = 3.083 x 10⁻² mol of ions.
Approximately 0.0309 moles of ions are released when 6.188 x 10^21 formula units of NiCl2 dissolve in water. Hence, the answer would be (e) 3.08 x 10^-2 mol of ions.
Explanation:To calculate the total moles of ions released when 6.188 x 1021 formula units of NiCl2 dissolves in water, we first need to convert the formula units to moles using Avogadro's number (6.022 x 1023 formula units/mole). The number of moles of NiCl2 is therefore around 0.0103 moles.
However, each unit of NiCl2 releases 3 ions (1 Ni2+ and 2 Cl-) when it dissolves. Consequently, the total moles of ions released into the water is approximately 0.0309 moles (0.0103 moles*3 ions/mole). So, the closest answer would be (e) 3.08 x 10-2 mol of ions.
Learn more about Molar Conversion here:https://brainly.com/question/31389471
#SPJ3
photon is a massless bundle of electromagnetic energy. Question 16 options: TRUE FALSE
This is true. this bundle results as a result of electron transition between energy levels of a metal upon impact by a fast moving electron. This bundle moves with the speed of light in a vacuum which is approximately 3.0×10⁸m/s.
Why does every chemical reaction require a certain amount of activation energy?
A.
Energy is released when the reactants begin to react.
B.
Energy lost to the environment during the reaction must be replaced.
C.
Forming the activated complex requires energy.
D.
The products have more potential energy than the activated complex.
E.
The reactants have less potential energy than the products.
Answer: C. Forming the activated complex requires energy.
Explanation:
Activation energy is the extra energy that must be supplied to reactants in order to cross the energy barrier and thus convert to products.
In order that reactants change into products, they have to cross an energy barrier. When reactant molecules absorb energy, their bonds are loosened and new loose bonds are formed between them.
The intermediate thus formed is called as activation complex. It is unstable and immediately dissociates to form stable products by release of energy.
How many milliliters of a 0.40 m solution of hydrochloric acid are necessary to neutralize 25 ml of a 0.20 m sodium hydroxide solution?
Answer:
12.5 mL of HCl
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for the neutralization reaction is as follows
NaOH + HCl —> NaCl + H2O
Molar ratio of NaOH to HCl is 1:1
For neutralization to happen the number of NaOH moles is equal to the number of HCl moles
Number of NaOH moles reacted - 0.20 mol/L x 0.025 L = 0.005 mol
Therefore number of HCl moles reacted - 0.005 mol
Concentration of HCl is 0.40 mol/L
Concentration = number of moles / volume
Rearranging the equation
Volume = number of moles / concentration
Volume = 0.005 mol / 0.40 mol/L
= 0.0125 L
Volume of HCl added is 12.5 mL
What is most misleading about the contour map shown below?
The contour interval is too large to see much detail in the landscape.
The contour interval is too small, making the map hard to read.
The contour interval is inconsistent.
There is nothing wrong with the map.
Answer: The contour interval is inconsistent.
Explanation: I just too the test and this is the correct answer.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
What are the characteristics of an ideal index fossil species?
An ideal index fossil species should be easily recognizable, abundant, have a brief geologic lifespan, and a wide geographic distribution, assisting in the dating of rock layers.
The characteristics of an ideal index fossil species are that the organism should be easily recognizable, abundant, have existed for a relatively short period of time (geologically speaking), and possess a wide geographic distribution. These criteria make the fossil useful for dating and correlating the age of rock layers. For example, Belemnites, a type of extinct squid, are considered good index fossils of the Mesozoic era because they meet all of these criteria. When these fossils are found in a rock layer, they signal that the rock is from the Mesozoic period, specifically between 252 and 66 million years ago.
The number placed in front of a compound to balance a chemical reaction is called
Answer: The number placed in front of a compound to balance a chemical reaction is called coefficient.
Explanation:
Assume this general form for a chemical equation:
aA + bB → cC + dDThe letters a, b, c, and d, in front of each compound A, B, C, and D, are called coefficients and indicate the number of formula units (molecules or ions) that take part in the equation.
Those coefficients are needed to balance the equation and ensure compliance with the law of mass conservation.
This example shows it:
Word equation: hydrogen + oxygen yields waterChemical equation: H₂ (g) + O₂(g) → H₂O(g)Balance, adding the coefficients so that the number of each kind of atoms is the same on the left and the right of the chemical equation:H₂ (g) + 2O₂(g) → 2H₂O(g)
In that equation:
The coefficient of H₂ (g) on the left is 1 (it is not written)The coefficient of O₂(g) on the left is 2The coefficient of H₂O(g) on the right is 2
You read it as: 1 mole of gaseous hydrogen and 2 moles of gaseous oxygen yield 2 moles of water vapor.
How many electrons are needed in the outer energy levels of most atoms for the atom to be chemically stable?
Answer: eight (8), for most atoms.
Explanation:
Atoms gain chemical stability by completing the highest energy level with all the electrons it can have, which is 8 for most atoms.
The elements of the first period (row 1), hydrogen and helium, have outer energy level, n, equal to 1.
So, since n = 1, the atoms of hydrogen and helium (in the ground state) fill the 1s orbital, so they need just two electrons to be chemically stable. That is why helium, having 2 electrons, is a noble gas, and hydrogen, having 1 electron, just needs to add 1 more electron to be chemically stable like helium.
For period 2 through 7 of the periodic table (n = 2, n=3, n =4, n =5, n = 6, and n = 7), the outer energy levels can hold 8 electrons. That is why the noble gases Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, and Og, each with 8 electrons in the outer energy level are chemically stable.
Here you have two examples to see how this works:
Fluoride, F, has atomic number 9, so it has 9 electrons, two of them are in the energy level 1 and seven are in the energy level 2. Hence, F needs to gain 1 electron to complete 8 and be chemically stable.Sulfur, S, has atomic numberr 16. It has 16 electrons, six of them are in the outer energy level (level 3), and it needs to gain 2 electrons to complete 8 and be chemically stable.Why does Earth rotate?
1. Because Earth is formed from cold gases collapsing due to gravity
2.Because the matter in the nebula that formed Earth was spinning
3.Because Earth forms more than 99% of the mass of the solar system
4.Because the hydrogen atoms inside the nebula fused to form helium
The answer would actually be, because Earth is formed from cold gases collapsing due to gravity. The Solar System was formed when a huge amount of dust and gas began to collapse under its own gravity, and as the cloud collapse it started to spin causing the material within the cloud to gather into a swirl and then formed into planets and as the planets are formed they kept this spinning motion.
PLEASE MARK BRAINLIEST!!!
Why do you think some of the indicators used in experiment 2 were different than the ones used in experiment?
Which statement is true about trends in metallic character?a) Metallic character increases as you go to the right across a row in the periodic table and as you go down a column.b) Metallic character decreases as you go to the right across a row in the periodic table and increases as you go down a column.c) Metallic character decreases as you go to the right across right across a row in the periodic table and decreases as you go down a columnd) Metallic characterdecreases as you go to the right across a row in the periodic table and increases as you go down a column
Answer:
d) Metallic character decreases as you go to the right across a row in the periodic table and increases as you go down a column.
Explanation:
Metallic character decreases as you move across a period in the periodic table from left to right. This is because the attraction between valence electron and the nucleus increases, making it difficult for loss of electrons. It occurs as atoms more readily accept electrons to fill a valence shell than lose them to remove the unfilled shell. On the other hand, Metallic character increases as you move down an element group in the periodic table. This is due to the increase in atomic radius as the number of energy levels increases.48g LiOH dissolved in 1.0 L of solution. calculate the molarity
The following diagram represents the potential energy for the reaction:
The curves represent two possible reaction paths for the decomposition of ammonia, NH3. One can correctly conclude from the graph that the best explanation for the difference between (I) and (II) is that:
The concentration of NH3 was increased.
The temperature was increased.
The N2 was removed as soon as it was formed.
A catalyst was added.
Well that big peak in the graph there is called the transition state. The reaction needs to get past this energy hurdle to continue. The difference between these two graphs is that II has a lower energy transition state. Catalysts are known to lower transition states so that's my vote, a catalyst was added.
Answer: A catalyst was added.
Explanation:
Activation energy is the extra energy that must be supplied to reactants in order to cross the energy barrier and thus convert to products.
When a catalyst is added top a reaction, it increases the rate of a reaction by taking the reaction through a different path which involves lower activation energy and thus more molecules can cross the energy barrier and convert to products.
The concentration of reactants and products remain same even after addition of catalyst.
B represents activation energy for uncatalyzed reaction and E represents activation energy for catalyzed reaction.
What are the formulas for the ionic compounds named sodium iodide and magnesium iodide
Sodium Iodide: NaI
Magnesium Iodide: MgI2
Ionic compound are named by giving the name of metals first. The formula of sodium iodide is NaI and the formula of magnesium iodide is MgI₂.
What are ionic compounds?Ionic compounds are formed through electron lose from a metal to a non-metal. Metals are electron rich and they will easily lose electrons to attain stability. Whereas, non-metals are mostly electron deficient and they gain electron from metals to form ionic bonds.
Sodium loss its one valence electron to iodine which is also having a valency of one. Hence one electron transfer from sodium to iodine make the compound sodium iodide with the formula NaI.
Magnesium is a divalent metal which needs to loss two electrons to attain stability and thus will binds to two other nonmetals each are provided with an electron. Therefore, the chemical formula of magnesium iodide is MgI₂.
To find more on ionic compounds, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/9167977
#SPJ2
Derive the relationship between V1 and V2, the volumes of a gas at two pressures, P1 and P2
Answer:
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂.
Explanation:
Boyle’s Law : At constant temperature, the volume of a given quantity of a gas varies inversely with its pressure.It is clear from the data that V ∝ 1/P.Also, PV = constant.So, for two different values of both P and V:
∴ P₁V₁ = P₂V₂.
How fast will a ball be falling after 15 seconds
Answer:
it depends on how high up u dropped the ball if the ball was only taking 15 seconds to hit the ground then the ball couldn't go any faster cause its done landed but if the ball was falling 20 mph then there is a chance that it would go 25mph landing compared to when it first fell
plz mark me the brainliest
What structural formula represents 4 electrons shared between two atoms
A.0=0
B.S8
C.P4
D.N=N
I think it’s D. I’m not really shore....
the answer is A 0=0
How much energy, in calories, is required to change a 25.00g of ice at -10.00C to water at 35.00C?
Raising livestock for a meat-based diet depletes many natural resources, including fossil fuels. _____________ of fossil fuel is needed to produce one calorie of protein from feedlot beef. A) two calories B) five calories C) ten calories D) forty calories
The answer is D. forty calories
A solution containing which one of the following pairs of substances will be a buffer solution?
A) RbCl, HCl
B) KBr, HBr
C) CsF, HF
D) NaI, HI
E) none of the above
Answer:
C) CsF, HF
Explanation:
A buffer is a solution that resists change in PH. It usually has a weak acid, and a base. In this case; CsF , HF would make a buffer solution such that; HF is a weak acid and F- is its conjugate baseA solution containing CsF and HF pairs of substances will be a buffer solution.
What are buffer solution?Buffer solutions are formed by the mixture of weak acid and its conjugate base or by weak base and its conjugate acid, and helps to retain the pH of the solution if any strong acid or base is added in small quantity.
Among the given pairs all pairs will form buffer solution except CsF and HF, because HF is a weak base and F⁻ is conjugate base of HF acid.
Hence, option (c) is correct i.e. CsF and HF.
To know more about buffer solutions, visit the below link:
https://brainly.com/question/8676275
It takes the Earth _______ to complete one revolution around the Sun. A. One year B. One day C. One month D. One hour
It'll take one year for the Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun.
How long does it take for the Earth to revolve around the Sun?
AnswerYour answer is (A. One Year) or 365.25 days.
Hope this helps! :D
Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact.
The formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact are as mentioned below-
Li⁺ and 0²⁻ forms Li2O
Mg²⁺ and S²⁻ forms Mg S
A1³⁺ and CI⁻ forms AlCl3Na⁺ and
N³⁻ forms Na3N
What do you mean by the formula unit of the compound?The formula unit is the smallest unit of an ionic substance that tells us of the ratio in which ions are combined in the ionic compound.
The formula unit for the compounds formed depends on the valency of the combining ions.
Usually, the formula unit is written on the valency of the ions.
The formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact are therefore as written-
Li⁺ 0²⁻ forms Li2O
Mg²⁺S²⁻ forms Mg S
A1⁺³ CI⁻ forms AlCl3 and
Na+ N³⁻ forms Na3N.
Learn more about formula unit, here:
https://brainly.com/question/19293051
#SPJ6
If you were a water molecule in a glass of water how would you best describe your relationship with the water molecules around you? A.) always near the same molecules B.) held in a rigid pattern with other molecules C.) consonantly running into different molecules D.) moving slowly away from some molecules and quickly towards others
Answer: A.) always near the same molecules
Explanation:
The capillary action of water is the movement of water from roots to the leaves and other plant parts against the gravitational force of earth. This conduction of water is facilitated by the two properties of water that are cohesion and adhesion.
Cohesion can be define as the attraction of the molecule of water towards another water molecule. Adhesion can be define as the attraction of the molecules of water towards the different type of molecule.
Among the given options A is the correct option because of the fact that the attraction of water molecules among themselves gives water a definite volume in the glass. Cohesive forces keeps the water molecules close together.
As a water molecule in a glass of water, you are constantly running into different molecules due to the higher kinetic energy in the liquid state which allows free movement, with transient hydrogen bonding creating temporary clusters.
Explanation:In a liquid state, such as being a water molecule in a glass of water, you would experience a dynamic and ever-changing environment. If we imagine ourselves as a water molecule, we would be in constant motion, with hydrogen bonds forming and breaking as we interact with our neighboring molecules. Unlike in a solid where molecules are in a fixed position and only vibrate, in a liquid state, the molecules have more energy allowing them to move around freely, although they are still close to each other. This movement leads to different clusters or ''clumps'' of molecules circulating within the confines of the container.
The correct answer to the given question is C.) constantly running into different molecules. Water molecules in a liquid phase such as in a glass of water are not held in a rigid pattern, nor are they always near the same molecules because their increased kinetic energy allows them to move and trade places with one another. This movement is random yet constrained by the surface of the liquid. The hydrogen bonding that occurs is transient - while it does create some structure, it is not rigid or permanent.
If someone adds thousands of small fish to a lake how would the number or big fish change?
Answer:
The number of large fish will increase.
Explanation:
If in a particular lake, thousands of small fishes are added, then the number of the larger fishes will increase. The reason for this is because in general the larger fishes are feeding on the smaller fishes, thus with the introduction of the thousands of small fishes there will be an increase in their food source. Also, the smaller fishes have much quicker reproduction, so the chances are that they will reproduce quickly enough so that they increase in numbers, thus providing constant food source that will enable the support of larger populations of the larger fishes.
Great change occur in big fish population with the introduction of thousands of small fish.
If someone adds thousands of small fish to a lake the number of big fish increases if their food is these small fishes because more food is available for it which results in the increase of population of big fish.
While on the other hand, if the small fishes feed on the same food on which the big fish feed than there is competition which negatively affected the big fish and decrease in population due to unavailability of food so we can conclude that big change occur in big fish population with the introduction of thousands of small fish.
Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/12386371
What is the symbol for the isotope of 58co that possesses 33 neutrons?
To find the symbol for the isotope of 58Co with 33 neutrons, we must account for the atomic number of cobalt (27) and the specified number of neutrons (33). The symbol would typically be Co-58 or ^58Co; however, there seems to be a discrepancy as 58Co should have 31 neutrons, not 33.
Explanation:The symbol for the isotope of 58Co with 33 neutrons is represented as Co-58 or ^58Co. To determine this, we should know that the atomic number of cobalt (Co) is 27, which means it has 27 protons. The number of neutrons is given as 33. The mass number (A) of an isotope is the sum of its protons (Z) and neutrons (N), which in this case is 27 + 33 = 60. However, there may be a slight confusion because the question mentions the symbol for the isotope of 58Co, which suggests the mass number is 58. If that's the case, and we have 27 protons, then this isotope would actually have 58 - 27 = 31 neutrons, not 33. Since the question specifies 33 neutrons, we need to clarify this before providing the correct symbol.
Which of the following reactions have a positive ΔSrxn? Check all that apply.2A(g)+B(g)----->C(g)A(g)+B(g)----->3C(g)2A(g)+3B(g)----->4C(g)2A(g)+B(s)------->3C(g)
Answer:
The reactions that have a positive ΔSrxn are the second and the fourth:
A(g) + B(g) → 3C(g), and 2A(g) + B(s) → 3C(g)Explanation:
ΔSrxn stands for the change in entropy of a reaction.
Since ΔSrxn equals Final entropy - Initial entropy, a positive ΔSrxn (ΔSrxn > 0) means that the entropy increases.
Given the chemical equations for some reactions, you can identify the direction of the change of entropy (increase or decrease) by inspection, using basic definitions and principles.
These are:
Entropy is a measure of the level of disorder of a system.The particles of the gases are in a state of greater disorder than the particles of the liquids, and the particles of liquids are in a state more disordered than those of the solids.In conclusion, under other conditions constant, the entropy of a system of gases is greater than the entropy of a system of liquids, and the entropy of a system of liquids is greaer than the entropy of a system of solids.A system with more particles has a greater entropy than a system of less particles.With those principles, you get the following results for each of the given systems.
1) 2A(g) + B(g) → C(g)
Since in the product (right) side there are fewer molecules than in the reactant (left) side, you predict that the entropy decreases, and so the ΔSrxn is negative.
2) A(g) + B(g) → 3C(g)
Since in the product (right) side there are more molecules than in the reactant (left) side, you predict that the entropy increases, and so the ΔSrxn is positive.
3) 2A(g) + 3B(g) → 4C(g)
Since in the product (right) side there are fewer molecules than in the reactant (left) side, you predict that the entropy decreases, and so the ΔSrxn is negative.
4) 2A(g) + B(s) → 3C(g)
Since there are the same number of molecules in both sides, the determining factor of the change of entropy is the physical state of the components.
Since the reactant B (s) is in solid state and the only product is C(g), and it is in gas state, you predict that the entropy increases, and ΔSrxn is positive.
Conclusion: the reactions that have a positive ΔSrxn are the second and the fourth:
A(g) + B(g) → 3C(g), and 2A(g) + B(s) → 3C(g)