Answer:
Plasma.
Explanation:
Plasma
" The ionized gaseous mixture consist of atoms, ions and electrons is called plasma"
The plasma was first time identified by William Crookes in 1879. More than 99% universe matter is consist of plasma.
It is the fourth state of matter, the other three are solid, gas and liquid. The most of matter in the universe is plasma. When heat is supplied to the atoms, they gain energy the electrons in atom thus escape from the atom by gaining the energy and create the positive charge. Thus ions are formed. When heat is constantly supplied, the ionization process continue to take place and produce large number of positive charges, free electrons but some atoms not get ionized and remain neutral. Thus a cloud of free electrons , positive charge and neutral atoms is formed which is called plasma.
Examples:
The shining stars, lightning bolts, fluorescent light, flames, electrical current which passes through neon gas are some examples of plasma.
Can someone help me I begging you all see this please
Answer:
26. Mass of sugar = 100 g
27. a).m/m % = 8.67 %
b).m/m% = 20%
28.a). Mass of sugar = 12.5 g
b).Mass of sugar = 12.5 g
c).Mass of sugar = 30 g
Explanation:
26. Use formula:
[tex]m/m = \frac{mass\ of\ solute}{mass\ of\ solution} \times 100[/tex]
m/m = 20%
mass of solution = 500 g
mass of Solute = mass of sugar = ?
insert in the formula,
[tex]20 = \frac{mass\ of\ solute}{500} \times 100[/tex]
[tex]mass\ of\ solute = 20 \times 5[/tex]
mass of solute = 100 g
27. a)
[tex]m/m = \frac{mass\ of\ solute}{mass\ of\ solution} \times 100[/tex]
mass of Barium hydroxide(solute) = 13 g
mass of solution = 150 g
[tex]m/m = \frac{13}{150} \times 100[/tex]
m/m % = 8.67 %
b).
[tex]m/m = \frac{mass\ of\ solute}{mass\ of\ solution} \times 100[/tex]
mass of Glucose (solute) = 50 g
mass of solution = 250 g
[tex]m/m = \frac{50}{250} \times 100[/tex]
m/m% = 20%
28. a)
[tex]m/m = \frac{mass\ of\ solute}{mass\ of\ solution} \times 100[/tex]
m/m% = 5
mass of solution = 250 g
mass of solute = ?
[tex]mass\ of\ solute= \frac{mass\ of\ solution}{100} \times m/m[/tex]
[tex]mass\ of\ solute= \frac{250}{100} \times 5[/tex]
mass of sugar = 12.5 g
b).
m/m% = 2.5%
mass of solution = 500 g
mass of solute = ?
[tex]mass\ of\ solute= \frac{mass\ of\ solution}{100} \times m/m[/tex]
[tex]mass\ of\ solute= \frac{500}{100} \times 2.5[/tex]
mass of sugar = 12.5 g
c).
m/m% = 3 %
mass of solution = 1 kg = 1000 g
mass of solute = ?
[tex]mass\ of\ solute= \frac{1000}{100} \times 3[/tex]
Mass of sugar = 30 g
How is the seismic risk of an area estimated
When a supply of hydrogen gas is held in a 4 liter container at 47°C it exerts a pressure
of 800 torr. The supply is moved to a 2000 mL container, and cooled to -113°C. What is
the new pressure of the confined gas?
Answer:
P₂ = 800 torr
Explanation:
Given data:
Initial Volume = 4 L
Initial Temperature = 47°C (47+273= 320 K)
Initial pressure = 800 torr
Final volume = 2000 mL (2000/1000 = 2 L)
Final temperature = -113°C (-113+273 =160 K )
Final pressure = ?
Solution:
Formula:
P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂
P₁ = Initial pressure
V₁ = Initial volume
T₁ = Initial temperature
P₂ = Final pressure
V₂ = Final volume
T₂ = Final temperature
Solution:
P₂ = P₁V₁ T₂/ T₁ V₂
P₂ = 800 torr × 4 L × 160 K / 320 K × 2 L
P₂ = 512000 torr .L. K / 640 k.L
P₂ = 800 torr
The new pressure of the confined gas is 800 torr.
General gas equation
The new pressure of the gas is calculated by applying general gas equation as shown below;
[tex]\frac{P_1V_1 }{T_1} = \frac{P_2 V_2}{T_2} \\\\P_2 = \frac{P_1V_1 T_2}{T_1V_2}[/tex]
where;
P1 is 800 torrT1 is 47⁰C = 320 KV₁ is 4 LitersT₂ is -113⁰C = 160 KV₂ is 2000 mL = 2 LitersP₂ is ?The new pressure of the confined gas is calculated as follows;
[tex]P_2 = \frac{800 \times 4 \times 160}{320 \times 2} \\\\P_2= 800 \ torr[/tex]
Thus, the new pressure of the confined gas is 800 torr.
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Explain what a limiting reactant is and why it is important in stoichiomerty?
Answer:
It determines the maximum amount of the product that can be formed
Explanation:
Usually when performing a chemical reaction, it is hard to measure the exact amounts of the two reactants to react completely. This is why generally we take one reactant as our limiting reagent and another reagent in excess.
The reactant that is limiting reacts completely, while the reactant in excess still remains in a solution after reaction is over.
The importance of the limiting reactant is huge: it determines the maximum amount of the product that can be formed. It's limiting and, therefore, the extent of the reaction depends on how much of the limiting reagent we have. According to stoichiometry, we find the moles of a product formed directly from the limiting reagent, while the reagent in excess doesn't provide any relevant information.
A limiting reactant is a reactant that is used up first in a chemical reaction and determines the maximum amount of product that can be created. It is important in stoichiometry for calculating theoretical yields and ensuring the efficient and safe use of reactants.
A limiting reactant in a chemical reaction is the substance that is totally consumed first and hence determines the amount of product formed. The importance of a limiting reactant in stoichiometry lies in its role in predicting the theoretical yield of a reaction. When reactants are not present in perfect stoichiometric ratios as indicated by the balanced chemical equation, one will be exhausted before the others, thus limiting the formation of the product. This reactant is the limiting reagent, and the remaining substances are considered to be in excess.
An important aspect of stoichiometry is performing mass-mass calculations to establish how much product can be produced based on the amount of the limiting reactant. Understanding which reactant will be consumed first is crucial for evaluating a chemical process, ensuring safety (such as in the case of the space shuttle's fuel), and optimizing resource usage. Alternatively, identifying the limiting reactant can be approached by calculating the expected amount of product from the complete reaction of each reactant and comparing which yields the least amount of product.
In an experiment, a student wants to increase the rate of a reaction that involves gases. Which change to the re
accomplish this?
O
Increase the volume to dec ease pressure and to increase concentration.
Increase the volume to increase pressure and to decrease concentration.
Decrease the volume to decrease pressure and to increase concentration
Decrease the volume to increase pressure and to increase concentration.
O
O
Answer:
Decrease the volume to increase pressure and to increase concentration.
Explanation:
Increasing the concentration will increase the number of collisions per second and therefore the rate of reaction.
A and B are wrong. You want to decrease the volume.
C is wrong. According to Boyle's Law, you can't decrease both the volume and the pressure at the same time.
Which ph range is ideal for nitrogen in corn crops
Describe an environment that would have a low albedo. Explain where on Earth would you likely find this environment and why. Explain why the albedo is low.
Answer:
Tropical rain forest environments
Explanation:
Albedo means whiteness is the measure of the refection of the diffused solar radiation. And is measured from the scale of 0 to 100. Dark soil and forest have the lowest of the albedo, as they absorb the light of the sun rather than reflecting it. And snow has the highest rate of reflection of about 80%.What is Uniformitarianism?
how much momentum does a 2000kg elephant have that is charging at 11m/s
Answer:
P = 22000 kg. m/s
Explanation:
Given data;
Mass of elephant = 2000 Kg
Velocity = 11 m/s
Momentum = ?
Solution:
Momentum is the product of mass and velocity of an object.
It can be calculated from given formula:
P = mv
P = momentum
m = mass
v = velocity
Now we will put the values in formula.
P = 2000 Kg × 11 m/s
P = 22000 kg. m/s
The first four planets in our solar system are rocky. How does that relate to Newton’s law of universal gravitation?
Explanation:
According to Newton law of gravity, the strength of gravitational pull between two objects is related to their masses, directly, and inversely by the distance between them;
F = G * (M₂ – M₁) / d where;
F – the force of gravity
G – gravitational constant
M₂ – the mass of one object
M₁ – the mass of the other object
d – the distance between the two objects
The rocky planets have a higher mass than the gas planets hence will be strongly ‘feel’ the gravitational pull of the star in the solar system revolves about. This is why rocky planets are closer to their star while gas planets are towards the outer edges.
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Which is a type of protein?
A.) Triglyceride
B.) Nucleotide
C.) Disaccharide
D.) Enzyme
HELP!!!
Answer:
enzyme because it is made of protein
A plutonium atom undergoes nuclear fission. Identify the missing element in the nuclear equation.
Answer:
[tex]^92^{234}U[/tex]
Explanation:
Plutonium is a heavy atom with a high mass to neutron ration (N/Z). Atoms with Z > 50 and an M/Z ratio of 1.25 or above tend to decay in a nuclear fission in which they release alpha particle, also known as a helium nucleus.
Let's say that our products are alpha particle and some unknown nucleus X with a mass of M and an atomic number of Z. Then our nuclear decay equation becomes:
[tex]_94^{238}Pu\rightarrow _2^4\alpha + _Z^M{X}[/tex]
In order to identif X, we need to apply the law of mass conservation first. That is, the mass of reactants should be equal to the mass of products:
[tex]238 = 4 + M\therefore M = 238 - 4 = 234[/tex]
Similarly, apply the law of charge conservation to identify Z:
[tex]94 = 2 + Z\therefore Z = 92[/tex]
Z = 92 corresponds to uranium, meaning X is:
[tex]^92^{234}U[/tex]
Which of the following BEST describes the process of evolution by natural selection?
A. a rapid change of the traits of a species over time
B. a gradual change of the traits of a species over time
C. a rapid change of the traits of an organism over time
D. a gradual change of the traits of an organism over time
Answer:
The correct option is B) a gradual change of the traits of a species over time
Explanation:
The theory of natural selection explains the gradual changes which occur in the population of a species over time. According to natural selection, those organisms which are better adapted to live in an environment survive and pass on their traits to their offsprings. As a result, the traits of a species tend to change over time through the process of evolution. Evolutionary changes do not occur rapidly, instead, they can take many years to occur.
if a balloon had an initial volume of 100ml at pressure of 3.2 atm and the pressure was decreased to 1.9 atm, what would the new volume of the balloon be assuming constant temperature
Answer:
168.4 mL
Explanation:
Data Given
initial volume V1 of gas in balloon = 100 mL
initial pressure P1 of gas in balloon = 3.2 atm
final pressure P2 of gas in balloon = 1.9 atm
final volume V2 of gas in balloon = ?
Solution:
This problem will be solved by using Boyle's law equation at constant Temperature.
The formula used
P1V1 = P2V2
As we have to find out Volume, so rearrange the above equation
V2 = P1V1 / P2
Put value from the data given
V2 = 100 mL x 3.2 atm / 1.9 atm
V2 = 168.4 mL
So the final Volume of gas in baloon = 168.4 mL
_____ energy is required to remove an electron from an atom.
Charging
Electrical
Olonization
Electron
Answer:
The correct answer is Ionization.
Explanation:
Ionization energy can be defined as minimum amount of energy that is required to remove an electron from the outer orbital or the valence orbital of an atom.
Ionization energy depends on the size of the atom.If the atom is small in size that means the electrons of outer orbital are strongly attracted by the positively charged nucleus.As a result more energy is required to remove an electron from the outermost orbital of that atom.
As a result the ionization energy of that atom will be high.
What are the chemical properties of beryllium phosphide??
Answer:
Forms ionic bonds, insoluble, doesn't participate in single or double displacement reactions, non-reactive, high heat of combustion
Explanation:
Beryllium is a metal, since it belongs to group 2A, the alkaline earth metals. It has a total of 2 valence electrons.
Phosphorus, on the other hand, belongs to group 5A and has a total of 5 valence electrons.
We have a compound which has a metal in it, therefore, it's an ionic compound. Beryllium, our metal, loses its 2 electrons to gain an octet and phosphorus, our nonmetal, should gain 3 electrons to have an octet. The oxidation states are +2 and -3 respectively. This means we need 3 beryllium cations and 2 phosphide anions in our formula [tex]Be_3P_2[/tex].
Beryllium phosphide would be expected to be insoluble, as only beryllium chloride, fluoride, nitrate, phosphate and sulfate are soluble substances, while the remaining ones are expected to be insoluble.
Due to its insolubility, beryllium phosphide would not participate in any ionic reactions, such as single displacement or double displacement.
Since it's insoluble, we expect this compound to be chemically stable and not reactive. This implies that if we wanted to burn it, the heat of combustion would be very high, as a lot of energy would be needed to be supplied in an endothermic reaction in order to burn it.
if 2.4g of magnesium burns in oxygen. calculate (I) the mass of magnesium oxide formed (ii) volume of oxygen at stp.
Answer: i. 4g of MgO
ii. 1.12dm3
Explanation:Please see attachment for explanation
Would it be Hydroelectric?
Answer:
A. Biomass
Explanation:
Biomass must be burned to be useful as a fuel.
The combustion of biomass produces carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas.
B, C, and C are wrong. Once these energy sources are built, they produce no greenhouse gases.
how many chemical bonds can a single atom of these elements form: hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen
Answer:
Covalent Bonds
Explanation:
Nitrogen and phosphorus each have five electrons in their outer shells, which can hold up to eight electrons. Nitrogen atoms can form up to four covalent bonds.
Oxygen forms two bonds, nitrogen three bonds, hydrogen one bond, and carbon four bonds. When creating Lewis structures at the beginning chemistry level, these four components are frequently employed.
What is lewis structure ?The diagrams known as Lewis structures, often referred to as Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures, depict the interactions between the atoms in a molecule as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may be present.
Lewis structures, often called Lewis-dot diagrams, depict the bonding between a molecule's atoms and its lone pairs of electrons. When used in conjunction with hybrid orbitals, Lewis structures can also be helpful in predicting molecular geometry.
Four covalent bonds are possible for carbon. Chemical bonds known as covalent bonds are formed between nonmetal. Two atoms share a pair of electrons in a covalent link.
Thus, When creating Lewis structures at the beginning chemistry level, these four components are frequently employed.
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What powdery mineral is hazardous when airborne? Mercury, Radon, asbestos or uranium
Answer: Uranium
Explanation:
39. Which of the following conversion factors would you use to change 18 kilometers to meters?
A. 1000 m/1 km
B. O1 km 1000 m
C. 100 m 1 km
D. 1 km 100 m
Answer: A
Explanation:
Periodicity is best defined as:
the fact that elements increase in atomic mass in a regular way
the repeating nature of physical and chemical properties with atomic numbe
the regular growth of atomic size with atomic mass
the consistent decrease of nuclear charge with atomic mass
the repeating nature of atomic nuclear structure
Answer:
The repeating nature of physical and chemical properties with atomic number
Explanation:
Periodic table is designed in a way in which elements are divided in groups and periods. Periods are rows and groups are columns. The elements in groups share similar properties due to the same number of valence electrons they have. Going along each period, we'll always get back to the same group at some point. This is why we have periodic trends, the trends repeat gradually when we finally reach the same group we're analyzing.
Physical and chemical properties vary periodically. For example:
atomic radius decreases from left to right along the period;ionization energy increases from left to right along the period;electronegativity increases from left to right along the period;metallic properties decrease from left to right along the period.A car driving at 105 km/h. what is the speed in mi/min?
(1 mi = 1.61 km)
Answer:
1.087 mi/min
Explanation:
Given data:
Speed of car in Km/h = 105
Speed of car in miles/min = ?
Solution:
It is given that one miles = 1.61 Km
while it is known that one hour = 60 minutes
Thus in order to convert the km/h into mi/min we will divide the given value by 96.561.
105 / 96.561
1.087 mi/min
What is the wavelength of a light wave if the frequency of the wave is 7.1 x 10^14 s^-1 (Hz)?
Answer:
Wavelength = [tex]4.225\times 10^{-7}\ m[/tex].
Explanation:
Given:
The wave is a light wave. So, speed of light wave is, [tex]c=3\times 10^8\ m/s[/tex]
The frequency of the light wave is, [tex]f=7.1\times 10^{14}\ s^{-1}[/tex]
Let the wavelength of the light wave be [tex]\lambda[/tex].
Now, velocity of a wave is related to its frequency and wavelength as:
[tex]c=f\lambda[/tex]
Now, rewriting the above formula in terms of wavelength [tex]\lambda[/tex], we have
[tex]\lambda=\dfrac{c}{f}[/tex]
Plug in [tex]c=3\times 10^8\ m/s[/tex] and [tex]f=7.1\times 10^{14}\ s^{-1}[/tex]. Solve for [tex]\lambda[/tex]. This gives,
[tex]\lambda=\dfrac{3\times 10^8\ ms^{-1}}{7.1\times 10^{14}\ s^{-1}}\\\\\lambda=4.225\times 10^{-7}\ m[/tex]
Therefore, the wavelength of the light wave is [tex]4.225\times 10^{-7}\ m[/tex].
If solid NaCl is added to a saturated water solution of PbCl2 at 20o C, a precipitate is formed. How would this affect the value of the Ksp for [Pb2+][Cl-] in solution? The Ksp increases. The Ksp decreases. The Ksp remains the same. none of the above.
Answer:
The [tex]K_{sp}[/tex] remains the same
Explanation:
Let's look at what actually happens in this scenario. Before we dive into the explanation, remember the principle of Le Chatelier: for a system at equilibrium, a specific disturbance in molarity/volume/pressure of any species in equilibrium would cause the equilibrium to shift towards the side that minimizes such a disturbance.
To begin with, we have a saturated water solution of lead(II) chloride. A saturated solution means that at the given temperature we have a maximum amount of lead(II) chloride that could dissolve in the given volume of water.
Since lead(II) chloride is not highly soluble, we have an equilibrium between the precipitate and the dissociated ions:
[tex]PbCl_2(s)[/tex]⇄[tex]Pb^{2+}(aq)+2Cl^-(aq)[/tex]
Now we're adding NaCl to this solution. Sodium chloride is a sparingly soluble salt which readily dissociates into sodium and chloride ions:
[tex]NaCl(aq)\rightarrow Na^+ (aq)+Cl^- (aq)[/tex]
Notice that sodium chloride increases the concentration of chloride ions in the solution, so the equilibrium between the precipitate and its ions is disturbed.
According to the principle of Le Chatelier, due to an increase in chloride ions, the equilibrium would be disturbed and the system would tend to decrease it in order to restore the equilibrium. Hence, the equilibrium shifts towards the precipitate forming more of the precipitate and decreasing the amount of lead(II) cation, as well as the excess of chloride ions. This is also called the common ion effect: the common ion decreases the solubility of a salt.
However, it only decreases the solubility of the salt but not the solubility product constant defined as:
[tex]K_{sp}=[Pb^{2+}][Cl^-]^2[/tex]
A decrease in lead(II) concentration is compensated by the excess of chloride. The solubility product is only temperature-dependent, just as any other equilibrium constant, so it doesn't depend on the molarity of chloride or lead(II) ions.
Solubility, on the other hand, is equal to:
[tex]S=[Pb^{2+}]=\frac{K_{sp}}{[Cl^-]^2}[/tex]
And, as you can see, it decreases, as K is kept constant and we have an increase in chloride.
during photosynthesis water and carbon dioxide react to from oxygen and glucose how do the products differ from the reactants
Answer:
Those are the waste products
Explanation:
Glucose and oxygen are produced as a waste product as a result of photosynthesis
Electron pairs exist in many positions, or ____, around the a central atom. How is this number determined?
The number of electron pairs around a central atom determines the molecule's molecular geometry, which is based on the VSEPR theory. By counting the total electron pairs (both bonding and lone pairs), one can use a reference table to predict the geometry of the molecule.
The number of electron pairs around a central atom is determined by the molecule's Lewis structure, which includes both bonding pairs (BP) and lone pairs (LP). This number is often referred to as the Steric Number (SN) or Electron Group Geometry. The basic molecular geometry depends on the count of these electron pairs and their arrangement to minimize repulsions, following a specified shape determined by the VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory.
To determine the molecular geometry, one must:
Count the total number of electron pairs (bonding and lone) around the central atom.
Determine the geometry of the molecule using a reference table that correlates the number of electron pairs to geometrical shape.
For example, a molecule with three electron groups around the central atom which includes two double bonds and one lone pair initially adopts a trigonal planar arrangement to minimize repulsion. However, the presence of a lone pair can adjust the actual molecular geometry from this initial layout.
The amount of space matter takes up is its volume
True
False
The amount of space matter takes up is not its volume.
Explanation:False. The amount of space matter takes up is its volume, which is a concept in Physics. Volume is measured in cubic units, such as cubic meters or cubic centimeters, depending on the scale. It can be calculated by multiplying the length, width, and height of an object or by using specific formulas for different shapes.
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Which type of rock is most likely to form because of high heat and pressure?
igneous
magma
sediment
metamorphic
Answer:
metamorphic
Explanation:
Metamorphic rocks form from heat and pressure changing the original or parent rock into a completely new rock. The parent rock can be either sedimentary, igneous, or even another metamorphic rock. -
samikshajadhav16
Answer:
Explanation:
D
A student has two identical glasses of milk except that the temperature of the milk in one glass is 40ºF
and the temperature of the milk in the other glass is 80ºF.
At which temperature does the milk have more thermal energy? Explain
Answer:
[tex]80^oF[/tex]
Explanation:
We may only compare thermal energy of the two objects when they have identical masses. In this case, this is true: the two objects have equal masses.
The first glass of milk is at a lower temperature, while the second glass of milk is at a higher temperature. Remembering the second law of thermodynamics, heat spontaneously flows from hotter objects to colder ones. This means, the higher the temperature of an object, the greater the thermal energy.
Think about it this way: the higher the temperature, the higher the kinetic energy of the particles (since [tex]E_k = \frac{3}{2}kT[/tex]). The greater the kinetic energy, the greater the velocity. This means a greater amount of energy will be transferred by the object of the same mass but with a higher temperature, as particles are more likely to collide.