A light wave traveling through an unknown medium strikes the boundary with
water at a 45° angle and then refracts toward the boundary. What could the
unknown medium be?
O
A. Glass
O
B. Air
O
C. Water
O
D. Diamond

Answer:

not fully absorbed by the atmosphere.

Explanation:

Visible light with a wavelength of 380-760 nm will usually not be fully absorbed by the atmosphere. Visible light is most likely to reach Earth's surface or be partially absorbed and scattered by the atmosphere. Other types of radiation, such as infrared radiation and ultraviolet light, are more readily absorbed by the atmosphere.

Answer:

not fully absorbed by the atmosphere.

Explanation:

Visible light with a wavelength of 380-760 nm will usually not be fully absorbed by the atmosphere. Visible light is most likely to reach Earth's surface or be partially absorbed and scattered by the atmosphere. Other types of radiation, such as infrared radiation and ultraviolet light, are more readily absorbed by the atmosphere.

Answer: Remove a loosely bound valence electron from a gaseous atom on its orbital shell.

Explanation: It is the minimum energy required to pull out outer electrons on its energy orbital.

Answer:

mass and weight

Explanation:

because ur weight pulls you to the center of the earth

Answer:

All chemical equations goes to the law of conservation of mass which says that matter can not be destroyed nor created which means there has to be an equal amount of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. I hope that helps, I'm learning this as well.

Answer:

The law of conservation of mass, this is what I got correct on a test hopefully this helps Im sorry I don’t have any written proof. Please tell me if this is incorrect:)

Explanation:

Answer: option C. between gases should in all cases be extremely rapid because the average kinetic energy of the molecules is great.

The speed of a chemical reaction is influenced by temperature and concentration. Reactions between gases are generally rapid due to the high average kinetic energy of the molecules.

The speed of a chemical reaction is influenced by various factors, including temperature, concentration, and the nature of the reactants. The statement that best aligns with these factors is: c. Between gases should in all cases be extremely rapid because the average kinetic energy of the molecules is great.

Temperature plays a crucial role in determining the speed of a reaction. Increasing the temperature increases the kinetic energy of the molecules, causing them to move faster and collide more frequently, leading to faster reaction rates. Additionally, the statement that mentions the effect of concentration on reaction rates is: When a reaction occurs between two reactant species, it proceeds faster at higher concentrations of the reactants.

It is important to note that factors like surface area and the presence of bonds to be broken also influence reaction rates, but they are not addressed in the given options.

Answer: chlorine

Explanation:

its the most up and right on the periodic table

Fluorine (F) has the smallest atomic radius among the options given, as its higher effective nuclear charge and position in the periodic table leads to a stronger attraction of electrons to the nucleus.

To determine which element has the smallest atomic radius among fluorine (F), iodine (I), chlorine (Cl), and bromine (Br), we should look at their positions on the periodic table. Atomic radii decrease across a period from left to right due to the increase in the number of protons in the nucleus, which attracts the electron cloud more strongly. Also, atomic radii increase as we move down a group because additional electron shells are added which are farther from the nucleus.

Given this information, among the elements listed, fluorine (F) has the smallest atomic radius because it is higher up and farther to the right on the periodic table as compared to the other halogens (Cl, Br, and I). This placement indicates that fluorine has a greater effective nuclear charge (denoted as 'valence Z*'), which results in a stronger attraction of valence electrons to the nucleus, leading to the smaller atomic radius mentioned in Answer 6.

As an example, which is provided in the reference information under 'Check Your Learning,' an atom smaller than fluorine (F) could be helium (He), which has fewer electron shells and is also to the right of fluorine in the periodic table, within the noble gases.

Answer:

Dimethyl ether

Explanation:

There r 2 in this. In the straight chain carbon there are 2 of there so we name it as di. It is methyl so we gave it methyl.

Answer:

Dimethyl ether (methoxymethane)

Explanation:

Answer:

0.5949 mol Cl2

Explanation:

1. Balance equation - that was given

2. Identify the "given" and what is being asked

-Given moles of FeCl2, Find moles of Cl2

List other known quantites - 1 mol Cl2 = 2 mol FeCl2 (given based on the equation)

3. Prepare a concept map = mol FeCl2 -> mol O2

(Equation should be set up like: 1mol Cl2/2 mol FeCl2)

4. Cancel units and calculate:

----> 1.1898 mol FeCl2 x 1 mol Cl2/2 mol FeCl2 = 0.5949 mol Cl2 will be reacted

The higher concentrated solution is 0.250 mole LiCl dissolved in 250 ml of solution

( B).0.250mole of LiCl diluted in 250ml solution

Explanation:

Procedure to find the intensity of the solution:

To find the intensity of the solution, we have to use the following formula

M1V1=M2V2

250mL of a 0.500 M aqueous solution of LiCl is diluted with water

[tex]M1V1=(250) \times (0.500)=125M[/tex]

250 ml of a 0.250M aqueous solution of LiCl is diluted with water

[tex]M2V2=(250) \times (0.250)=62.5M[/tex]

Thus the PH level of a solution increases from ascending order, Therefore the Solution with 62.5M is a higher concentration than that of the solution with 125M.

Answer: D

Explanation:

A mole corresponds to the mass of a substance that contains 6.023 x 1023 particles of the substance. The mole is the SI unit for the amount of a substance. Its symbol is mol. By definition: 1 mol of carbon-12 has a mass of 12 grams and contains 6.022140857 x 1023 of carbon atoms (to 10 significant figures)

Moles are the base unit or the smallest chemical entities that are present in the molecule, atom, or compound.

The one mole of a substance is equal to the amount of substance present in the Avogadro's number of particles of the substance.

Moles can be defined as:

Thus, the correct answer is Option D.

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A precipitate is a product of a reaction that is insoluble in the reaction medium (usually water).

Why?

One of the signs that a reaction happened is that a precipitate forms. Let's take the reaction between Silver Nitrate (AgNO₃) and Sodium Chloride (NaCl) as an example:

AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s)↓ + NaNO₃(aq)

In this reaction, Silver Chloride (AgCl) is an insoluble product of the reaction, and precipitates out of the reaction medium

If we write down the ionic equation, we find out the following:

Ag⁺ + NO₃⁻ + Na⁺ + Cl⁻ → AgCl(s) + Na⁺ + NO₃⁻

The ions that appear at both sides of the arrow are called spectator ions, since they are not directly involved in the process of the reaction, making the net ionic equation to be:

Ag⁺ + NO₃⁻ → AgCl(s)

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Explanation:

Chemical reaction

When two or more substances react and form some new substance it is called as chemical reaction .

A + B --> C + D

(reactants )   (products )

When ever chemical reaction occurs following changes can occur :

On the basis of energy changes : reactions are of two types :

Endothermic

Exothermic

Endothermic reaction

A reaction in which heat is absorbed .

Example :½N2(g) + O2(g) + 8.1 kcal → NO2(g)

Exothermic reaction

A reaction in which heat is released .

For example : H2(g) + ½O2(g) → H2O(g), ΔH = -57.82 kcal

½N2(g) + 3/2H2(g) → NH3(g) + 11.0 kcal

C(diamond) + O2(g) → CO2, ΔH = -94.50 kcal

Final answer:

The reactions ½N2(g) + O2(g) + 8.1 kcal → NO2(g) and ½N2(g) + 3/2H2(g) → NH3(g) + 11.0 kcal are endothermic because they absorb heat, as indicated by their positive ΔH values.

Explanation:

To determine whether a chemical reaction is exothermic or endothermic, we need to look at the heat term (ΔH) associated with the reaction. An exothermic reaction releases heat and therefore has a negative ΔH value. An endothermic reaction absorbs heat and has a positive ΔH value.

In the examples provided:

Therefore, the reactions ½N2(g) + O2(g) + 8.1 kcal → NO2(g) and ½N2(g) + 3/2H2(g) → NH3(g) + 11.0 kcal are both endothermic reactions.

Answer: 3937 inches

Explanation: The conversion factor of 1m = 39.37 inches

Solution:

100 m x 39.37 in / 1 m

= 3937 inches

Cancel out meters so the remaining unit is in inches

To obtain 225g of mercury, approximately 16.54 mol of the metal must be taken.

To find the volume of mercury needed to obtain 225g of the metal, we can use the formula:

Density = Mass / Volume

Rearranging the formula to solve for Volume, we get:

Volume = Mass / Density

Plugging in the values given, we have:

Volume = 225g / 13.6g/mol = 16.54 mol

To obtain 225g of mercury, we would need a volume of approximately 16.54 mol.

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The percentage yield if 4.65 g of copper is produced will be 70.4 %.

Explanation:

The balanced equation is given as

                  2Al + 3CuSO4 ----> Al2(SO4)3 + 3Cu

1.87 g of Al =  0.0693 moles of Al *  3 moles of Cu / 2 moles of Al

                  = 0.10396 moles of Cu.

This corresponds to 6.606 g of Cu which refers to theoretical yield.

% yield = (actual / theoretical) * 100

            = (4.65 / 6.606) * 100

% yield = 70.4 %.  

To calculate the percent yield for copper production, convert the given mass of aluminum to moles, use stoichiometry to determine the theoretical yield of copper, and then divide the actual yield by the theoretical yield and multiply by 100%.

To calculate the percent yield in the reaction where 1.897 grams of aluminum reacts with an excess of copper (II) sulfate to produce copper, we first need to determine the theoretical yield of copper that can be produced from the given amount of aluminum. Utilizing stoichiometry, we start with the balanced chemical equation:

2Al + 3CuSO4 (aq) → Al2(SO4)3 (aq) + 3Cu

This equation tells us that 2 moles of aluminum can produce 3 moles of copper. However, since we have the mass of aluminum, we need to convert it to moles using aluminum's molar mass. Then by the stoichiometric relationship, we can find out how many moles of copper would theoretically be formed and then convert that number to grams by using the molar mass of copper.

Once the theoretical yield is found, we use the actual yield (4.65 grams) to calculate the percent yield using the following formula:

percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%

Note that in some cases, the theoretical yield may need to be determined by other means, such as by identifying the limiting reactant if not all reactants are in excess. For the provided example, the theoretical yield can be calculated directly since the aluminum is limiting and is completely consumed in the reaction.

Answer:

Cold Front

Explanation:

Answer:

Hydrogen and Oxygen.

Explanation:

The most abundant element in the universe is the Hydrogen which 75% of the universe and remaining 25% is covered by the Helium. The Oxygen is the third most abundant element of the Universe as its mainly found only on the planet earth and the scientists are still finding oxygen in the outer earth.

On the Earth, the most abundant element in the crust is Oxygen which covers 46.6% of the total elements in the crust and the element abundant after oxygen in the earth crust is the Silicon with 27.7%

For Human body, the most abundant element is the Oxygen which Includes 65% of the total body weight.

So, the Hydrogen and Oxygen are the two most abundant element of the Universe also vital elements of the human body.

Answer:

2 Fe(OH)3 => Fe2O3 + 3 H2O

Explanation: The coefficients are the following: 2,1,3

To balance each atom we write coefficients.

Reactant Product

Fe 2 2

O 6 6

H 6 6

Final answer:

To balance the equation Fe(OH)3 -> Fe2O3 + H2O, place a coefficient of 2 before Fe(OH)3 and a coefficient of 3 before H2O resulting in 2 Fe(OH)3 -> Fe2O3 + 3 H2O, ensuring both sides have equal numbers of each atom.

Explanation:

To balance the chemical equation for the decomposition of iron(III) hydroxide into iron(III) oxide and water, we need to ensure that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. Start with the original unbalanced equation: Fe(OH)3 → Fe2O3 + H2O.

Count the number of Fe, O, and H atoms on each side of the equation.

Balance the Fe atoms by placing a coefficient of 2 before Fe(OH)3 on the left side: 2 Fe(OH)3 → Fe2O3 + H2O.

Balance the oxygen atoms by placing a coefficient of 3 before H2O on the right side: 2 Fe(OH)3 → Fe2O3 + 3 H2O.

Balance the hydrogen atoms now, which should already be balanced if you've followed steps 1-3 correctly.

Check the balancing for both atoms and charge. Confirm that there are equal numbers of Fe, O, and H atoms on both sides.

The final balanced equation is: 2 Fe(OH)3 → Fe2O3 + 3 H2O. All atoms are balanced and coefficients are in the simplest whole-number ratio, meaning the equation is now properly balanced.

Answer:

Approximately "15.2" grams of  potassium chloride are produced if 25.0 grams of  potassium chlorate decompose

Explanation:

The key to chemistry is to change everything to moles. Then when you have the answer in moles change the answer back to grams, liters, or whatever you want.

change 25 grams of potassium chlorate to moles.

calculate the gram molecular mass of potassium chlorate.

Chlorate is Cl with 3 oxygens. ate = saturated.

Chlorine has seven valance electrons when it is saturated six of these electrons are used by oxygen ( 2 electrons per oxygen) leaving only 1 electron.

                    1 K x 39 [tex]\frac{grams}{mole}[/tex]       = 39

                  [tex]Cl^{+1}[/tex] x 35.4  [tex]\frac{grams}{mole}[/tex] =35.4

                  [tex]O^{+3}[/tex] x 16  [tex]\frac{grams}{mole}[/tex]      = 16

                 = 122.4  [tex]\frac{grams}{mole}[/tex] Potassium Chlorate

                   = [tex]\frac{25}{122.4}moles[/tex]

2.05 moles of Potassium Chlorate.

There is a 1:1 mole ratio. 1 mole of Potassium Chlorate will produce 1 mole of Potassium Chloride.

2.05 moles of Potassium Chlorate will produce 2.05 moles of Potassium Chloride.

 the gram molecular mass of Potassium Chloride.

                         1 K x 39 = 39

                   [tex]Cl^{+1}[/tex]x 35.4 = 35.4

                                      = 74.4  [tex]\frac{grams}{mole}[/tex]

2.05 moles x 74.4  [tex]\frac{grams}{mole}[/tex]= 15.2 grams

Therefore, "15.2" grams of  potassium chloride are produced if 25.0 grams of  potassium chlorate decompose.

Answer:15 g KCl

Explanation: 2KCl3->2KCl+3O2

Answer: ethane

Explanation:

To determine the empirical formula of a hydrocarbon with 80% carbon and 20% hydrogen, calculate the moles of each and establish the simplest whole number ratio, which is CH₃. The molecular formula is then derived by dividing the molar mass of the compound by the empirical formula mass; since Mr is 30, the molecular formula is C₂H₆.

Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas

To determine the empirical formula of an organic hydrocarbon compound with 80% carbon and 20% hydrogen by mass, assume a 100 g sample of the compound. This assumption simplifies the calculation because the percentages can be directly treated as grams:

80 g carbon (C)

20 g hydrogen (H)

Next, convert these masses into moles based on the atomic masses of carbon and hydrogen (approximately 12.01 g/mol for C and 1.01 g/mol for H):

Carbon: 80 g C ÷ 12.01 g/mol C = approximately 6.66 mol C

Hydrogen: 20 g H ÷ 1.01 g/mol H = approximately 19.80 mol H

Divide the moles of each element by the smallest number of moles to get a ratio:

Ratio of C:H = 6.66 mol C : 19.80 mol H = 1:3

So, the empirical formula is CH₃.

Next, to find the molecular formula, we need to use the given molar mass (Mr) of the compound, which is 30 g/mol. Since the empirical formula mass of CH₃ is about 15.03 g/mol (12.01 for C + 3 × 1.01 for H), we divide the molar mass of the compound by the empirical formula mass:

30 g/mol ÷ 15.03 g/mol

This gives us a ratio of approximately 2, suggesting that the molecular formula is twice that of the empirical formula. Therefore, the molecular formula is C₂H₆.

Answer:

All of them.

Explanation:

They all require some sort of chemistry knowledge as they might be dealing with substances.

Doctors, pharmacists, and forensics experts all require chemistry knowledge in their respective fields to understand interactions and chemical compositions pertaining to medicines, drugs, and evidence.

The correct answer to the question 'Which of the following careers requires chemistry knowledge?' is d. all of the above. Each of these professions requires some knowledge of chemistry:

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Answer:

3.76 x 1014 s-1? λ = c/ν = 3.00 x 108 m/s = 7.98 x 10-7 m 3.76 x 1014 s-1.

Explanation:

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The value of wavelength with a frequency value of [tex] 3.76 \times {10}^{14} [/tex] is [tex] 7.97 \times {10}^{ - 5} \: Hz[/tex]

Recall :

Substituting the values into the equation :

[tex]wavelength = \frac{3 \times {10}^{8} }{3.76 \times {10}^{14} } = 0.7979 \times {10}^{(8 - 14)} = 0.7979 \times {10}^{ - 6} [/tex]

Therefore the value of wavelength , λ for the given frequency value is : [tex]7.98 \times {10}^{ - 5} Hz[/tex]

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Answer: C

Explanation:

The problem requires using the combined gas law, which involves an equation relating pressures, volumes, and temperatures of a gas sample. By converting temperatures to Kelvin and using given pressure and volume values, we can solve for the final volume.

The question involves using the combined gas law to calculate the new volume of a gas given changes in temperature and pressure. To find the volume the gas would occupy at 250°C and 680 mm Hg pressure, we use the formula:

V2 = (P1 × V1 × T2) / (P2 × T1)

First, we need to convert the temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin:

Now we plug the values into the combined gas law equation:

V2 = (740 mm Hg × 410 mL × 523.15 K) / (680 mm Hg × 300.15 K)

After doing the math, you can find the final volume, V2, in milliliters (mL).

Answer:

As the difference in electronegativity between two atoms decreases, the tendency for the formation of covalent bonds "increases"

Explanation:

Electronegativity being a chemical property which tells us about the tendency about the atom in order to fascinate the shared pair of the electron towards itself. It is being pretentious by atomic number and the distance as well, by the help of which the valence electrons resides from the charged nucleus. In the scale Pauling scale is used. Being the most electronegative element fluorine is counted. The more the electronegativity, the more electrons will fascinate towards itself.

Answer: The statement is false

Explanation:

Electrons occupy a region in atoms known as orbitals or subs hell.  These orbitals include

I) S-orbital: it can occupy a maximum of two electrons

II) P-orbital: It occupies a maximum of six electrons

III) D-orbital: it occupies a maximum of ten electrons

F and G-orbitals as examples of other orbitals present.

A good illustration of the 6 electrons occupied by the P-subshell is seen in Sodium (Na) with atomic number of 11

Na = 1s2, 2S2 2p6, 3s1

Note: extra electrons are transferred to the next orbital

Final answer:

The ratio of Al³⁺ ions to S²⁻ ions in the neutral compound is 2:3, as two Al³⁺ ions balance the charge of three S²⁻ ions to achieve neutrality.

Explanation:

The question is asking about the ratio of ions in a neutral compound, specifically between [tex]AI^{3+}[/tex] ions and [tex]S^{2-}[/tex] ions. The given information suggests that we have a compound with a formula indicating these ions are in a 2:3 ratio. To achieve neutrality, the total positive charge must balance with the total negative charge. Aluminum ions have a charge of +3 ( [tex]AI^{3+}[/tex] ), and sulfur ions have a charge of -2 (S²⁻). Therefore, we need two aluminum ions to balance three sulfur ions, resulting in the formula [tex]AI_{2} S_{3}[/tex]. Even though the provided information hints at a more complex compound with oxygen involved ([tex]AI_{2} S_{3} O_{12}[/tex]), the basic ratio between aluminum and sulfur ions remains 2:3 in the simpler formula [tex]AI_{2} S_{3}[/tex].

Answer: each subshell can hold 2 electrons.