A number of different types of mutations in the HBB gene can cause human β-thalassemia, a disease characterized by various levels of anemia. Many of these mutations occur within introns or in upstream noncoding sequences. Explain why mutations in these regions often lead to severe disease, although they may not directly alter the coding regions of the gene.

Answer: b. thoracic

Explanation:

A vertebral column is also called as backbone in human skeleton. It forms the part of axial skeleton. It includes a verticle series of bones which covers and protects the spinal cord. It includes 33 vertebral bones like 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccygeal bones.

On the basis of this description, thoracic region exhibit most vertebrae.

Answer: b. thoracic

Explanation:

A vertebral column is also called as backbone in human skeleton. It forms the part of axial skeleton. It includes a verticle series of bones which covers and protects the spinal cord. It includes 33 vertebral bones like 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccygeal bones.

On the basis of this description, thoracic region exhibit most vertebrae.

Answer:

The turnover ratio is 10.7

Explanation:

Turnover ratio may be defined as the ration of net credit sales with the average accounts receivable.

The formula used to calculate the turnover ratio is :

[tex]\text{Turn over ratio}= \frac{\text{net credit sales}}{\text{average account receivables}}[/tex]

Net credit sales (2019)=  $1,022,000

Average account receivables = [tex]\frac{(88,000-4000)+(111,000-5,500)}{2}[/tex]

=94750.

[tex]\text{Turn over ratio}=[tex]\frac{1,022,000}{94750}[/tex]

= 10.7

Hence, The turn over ratio is 10.7.

Answer:

The answer is B. Rectus abdominis

Hope this helps!

Answer:

the answer is b!

Explanation:

The adult human vertebral column contains five lumbar vertebrae, which are designated as L1-L5 and located in the lower back region.

The human vertebral column includes a series of bones known as vertebrae, which are categorized into different regions. Among these regions, the lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back. According to the provided information, the vertebral column consists of seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), twelve thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12), and five lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5). The lumbar vertebrae are especially crucial as they endure the stress of lifting and carrying and provide flexibility and movement to the torso.

The sacrum is formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae, while the coccyx or tailbone originates from the fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae. Overall, the adult vertebral column typically consists of 24 individual vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx, with the lumbar section exclusively containing five lumbar vertebrae.

Answer:

A. scientists could measure the amount of bycatch

Explanation:

Answer: Scientists could measure the amount of by catch.

Explanation:

Overfishing is the process of fishing in which a considerable number of fish species are removed from the water body at a rate that the population of such species cannot be replenished for a long period of time. This results in the decline in the population of the fish species, or extinction of the species. This can lead to the loss of biodiversity.

If the researchers wants to the impact of the overfishing they could measure the amount of by-catch. As the by-catch over the expected or standard limits can lead to the decrease in the fish population belonging to a particular species. This may lead to the extinction of many fish species.

Answer:

Enzyme: A biomolecule that speed up the rate of chemical reactions without being used up.

Substrate: A substance or chemical that enter the chemical reaction and is being converted into a new substance  (product).

Competitive enzyme inhibition: Inhibition of enzyme's activity by binding of inhibitor to substrate binding site of the enzyme.

Explanation:

Enzymes are the biomolecules that serve to increase the rate of reactions by lowering down the required activation energy. The enzyme is never used up during reactions.  

Substrates are the chemicals that undergo a chemical change and produce products.  

For example, Glucose is the substrate for hexokinase enzyme and is converted into glucose 6 phosphate (the product).

When the inhibitor competes with the substrate for the binding site on the enzyme and does not allow the substrate to bind to the enzyme, the process is called competitive enzyme inhibition. It can be overcome by increasing the concentration of substrate in the system.  

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:

Cell membrane or plasma membrane is the semi-permeable outer layer surrounding the components of the cell.

It is important to the cell as it provides important properties to the cell as it separates the aqueous interior of the cell from the external environment, helps in cell–cell contact, in surface recognition, signaling and transport.

The plasma membrane is made up of different types of molecules like phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, carbohydrates providing flexibility to the layer so, the model of membrane is known as fluid mosaic model.

The primary constituent of membrane is a lipid molecule called Phospholipids which is made up of glycerol molecules attached to a phosphate group and forms a hydrophilic head while long fatty acyl chains attached to the head froms hydrophobic tails.

It is the fatty acid chains which provide hydrophobic nature to the cell membrane. These layers are arranged in the form of bilayer with head towards outside while tails inside.

Along with phospholipid membrane posses peripheral and integral proteins which helps in transport of the molecules across membrane.

The manubrium, body, and xiphoid process form a bone called the sternum.

To calculate the volumes related to a spherical human cell, we use the volume formula for a sphere. The total volume of the cell is computed as well as the volume of the membrane, then we determine the percentage of the total cell volume that the membrane occupies, which is about 0.0624%.

To calculate the various volumes requested in these questions regarding a typical human cell modeled as a sphere, we start by computing the volume of the entire cell including its membrane. The formula for the volume of a sphere is V = (4/3)\u03c0r^3.

To find the volume of the cell, including the membrane, with a diameter of 12.00 \u03bcm, we first determine the radius, which is half the diameter, so 6.00 \u03bcm or 6.00 x 10^-6 m. Substituting this into the formula gives us approximately 904.78 x 10^-18 m^3.

For the volume of the cell membrane, we must consider the volume of the cell with the membrane and subtract the volume of the cell without the membrane. The thickness of the membrane is 5.000 nm, or 5.000 x 10^-9 m. The outer radius of the cell is 6.00 \u03bcm, and the inner radius, after subtracting the thickness of the membrane, is 5.995 \u03bcm or 5.995 x 10^-6 m. The volume of the cell membrane is then the volume of the sphere with a 6.00 x 10^-6 m radius minus the volume of the sphere with a 5.995 x 10^-6 m radius, which comes out to approximately 0.565 x 10^-18 m^3.

Lastly, to find the percent of the total volume that the membrane occupies, we divide the membrane volume by the total cell volume and multiply by 100%, resulting in approximately 0.0624%.

Answer:

c. they are capable of interacting with several antigens

Explanation:

Antibodies, also called immunoglobulins (Ig), are protein structures found in blood plasma. They act against invading organisms in the body, such as bacteria and viruses. The main function of antibodies is the body's defense, which act directly against invading microorganisms (also called antigens) that can cause various infections and diseases. In this way they neutralize the toxins of extracellular parasites.

Antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes and have the ability to specifically combine with substances foreign to the body, inactivating them. Antigens are extremely specific, so we can say that for each of their types there is a type of antibody, complementary to that of the antigen. Thus, antibodies are not able to interact with various antigens, but only those with which they establish a specific relationship.

The statement that is not true about antibodies is d. they are abbreviated as lg

The statement "they are abbreviated as lg" is not accurate when referring to antibodies. Antibodies are commonly abbreviated as Ig, which stands for Immunoglobulin. Immunoglobulins are a vital class of proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of antigens, which are foreign substances like bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens.

When the immune system detects an antigen, it triggers the production of specific antibodies designed to target and neutralize that particular antigen. The structure of antibodies allows them to bind specifically to antigens, effectively marking them for destruction by other immune cells or neutralizing their harmful effects.

The ability of antibodies to recognize and bind to various antigens makes them a crucial defense mechanism in the immune system. They help prevent infections, clear pathogens from the body, and contribute to the development of immunity after exposure to specific diseases.

Learn more about antibodies at:

https://brainly.com/question/15382995

#SPJ6

The metaphyses of a 40-year-old's long bones have appositional growth.

The broad segments of long bones and the areas of the bone where growth takes place are referred to as metaphyses (plural: metaphysis). The metaphysis portion next to the growth plate experiences growth (physis).

Between the diaphysis and epiphysis is the metaphysis. The metaphysis is more vulnerable to osteomyelitis and hematogenous spread of infection in children because of its relatively rich blood supply and increased vascular stasis.

Between the epiphysis and the diaphysis, a long bone's neck is known as the metaphysis.  It houses the growth plate, the portion of the bone that develops during childhood. As it expands, the growth plate ossifies close to the diaphysis and the epiphyses.

Therefore, The metaphyses of a 40-year-old's long bones have appositional growth.

To learn more about bones, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/14810294

#SPJ5

Final answer:

The metaphyses of a 40-year-old's long bones have an epiphyseal line, indicating that the growth plates have closed and the bones can no longer grow in length.

Explanation:

The metaphyses of a 40-year-old's long bones have undergone a process known as epiphyseal plate closure. By the age of 40, the regions of cartilage typically found in the metaphyses during childhood and adolescence, which are responsible for the longitudinal growth of the bones, have been replaced by osseous tissue. This replacement transforms the epiphyseal plate, also referred to as the growth plate, into an epiphyseal line. Therefore, in a 40-year-old individual, the long bones no longer can grow in length, as the cartilage cells have ceased dividing and have been completely substituted with bone, resulting in the fusion of the epiphysis and diaphysis.

Unipolar Neuron:

The cell body has a single process extending from it, which later branches into two.

Bipolar Neuron:

The cell body has two processes: one axon and one dendrite.

Multipolar Neuron:

The cell body has multiple processes, typically one axon and multiple dendrites.

The classification of neurons as unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar is determined by the number and arrangement of processes extending from the cell body. In a unipolar neuron, there is a single process that emerges from the cell body and later splits into two branches, while a bipolar neuron possesses two processes – one axon and one dendrite – extending from opposite ends of the cell body. On the other hand, multipolar neurons feature multiple processes, usually one axon and several dendrites, emerging from the cell body.

The structural diversity among these neuron types reflects their specialized functions in transmitting and processing information within the nervous system. Unipolar neurons are often involved in sensory functions, bipolar neurons are commonly found in sensory organs like the retina, and multipolar neurons play a key role in motor functions and interneuronal communication within the central nervous system.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Answer:

B. innervation of skeletal muscle

Explanation:

Innervation of skeletal muscle  is not a function of the autonomic nervous system.

Answer:

Option B. innervation of skeletal muscle

Explanation:

The nervous system is made up of Central Nervous System which constitutes the brain and spinal cord and the Peripheral Nervous System.

For more information:

https://brainly.com/question/13839155

The structure listed that is not a part of the alimentary canal, yet is an accessory organ to the digestive system is the Pancreas. Option A is correct.

The alimentary canal is also known as the gastrointestinal tract. This includes all organs through which food travels once ingested. Which would be:

Since they are included in this list, options B, C, and D are incorrect given that they do form part of the alimentary canal. The accessory organ is the pancreas given that it secrets substances into this canal that then assist in the digestive process.

To learn more visit:

https://brainly.com/question/817041?referrer=searchResults

The pancreas is considered an accessory organ to the digestive system.

An accessory organ to the digestive system is an organ that helps in the process of digestion but is not part of the alimentary canal. The pancreas is considered an accessory organ because it produces digestive enzymes and releases them into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

https://brainly.com/question/33293848

#SPJ6

Answer:

Cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx.

Explanation:

Vertebral column or spine is made of a total of 26 vertebrae in adults. Starting from the upper part, it has 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, one sacrum, and one coccyx.

The coccyx is made of four fused coccygeal vertebrae. Likewise, the sacrum consists of five sacral vertebrae that are fused during development.

Answer:

A reflex arc with single synapse (integrating center) is a monosynaptic reflex arc.

Explanation:

A reflex arc consists of sensory neurons, motor neurons, integrating center, sensory receptors, and effectors.

A monosynaptic reflex arc is the one that consists of only a single synapse in the central nervous system. This means that the whole monosynaptic reflex arc has only one synapse between single sensory and motor neurons.

Answer:

true

Explanation:

the shape of the rbc are usually sickles or cresent moon shaped. these shapes get stuck in small blood vessels. which can slow or block blood flow

Currently there is no cure for sickle-cell anemia

Answer:

The diastolic blood pressure (80 mmHG) is the pressure in artery  measured during the diastolic phase while the systolic blood pressure (120 mmHg) is the one measured during systolic phase of cardiac cycle.

Explanation:

The diastolic blood pressure is the pressure in the artery during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle, that is, when the left ventricle undergoes relaxation. It is 80 mmHg for a normal adult.

And the systolic blood pressure is the blood pressure in an artery during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, that is, when the left ventricle undergoes contraction. It is 120 mmHg for a normal adult.

Answer:

b. They are produced by memory B cells

Explanation:

The rapid cell division in activated B cells is followed by the differentiation of daughter cells into the plasma cells. The plasma cells are the precursor for antibodies and memory B cells. The antibodies kill the antigens while memory B cells are long-lived cells.  

Hence, antibodies are not produced by memory B cells but by plasma cells.

Answer:

loss of movement of the left leg

Explanation:

The main function of the brain motor cortex is the regulation of body movements. This area of brain controls the voluntary movements of the body.

Right half of the body controls the left side of body and left half of the body controls the right side o body. Any lesion in right motor cortex may cause the loss of movement of left leg.

Thus, the correct answer is option (A).

Answer:

The answer to this question is a bit more complex, because there is not one single name for the three types of muscle fibers in the human body. It is important thus to remember that the human system has three types: skeletal muscle, or voluntary muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle fibers.

In the case of skeletal muscle, the functional unit of myofibrils, the ones responsible for movement, is called a sarcomere, and they are striated. These sarcomeres combine in units of myofibrils that when stimulated by motor neurons, produce movement.

The second case is smooth muscle. In this case, we have single-unit cells, elongated, to form the linings of organs such as the bladder, and their movement is not voluntary. This system´s unit, then, is called a myocytes.

The third type of muscle, which is cardiac muscle, is the one responsible for the movements of organs such as the heart, and their unit is better known as cardiomyocyte.

The functional unit of a muscle fiber is the Sarcomere. It is responsible for muscle contraction and accounts for the striated appearance of skeletal muscles.

The functional unit of a muscle fiber is termed as the Sarcomere. The Sarcomere, which is located inside the muscle fiber, is responsible for the muscle's contraction. It is a repeating unit along the length of the muscle fiber and it represents the smallest functional unit within the myofibril. The arrangement of sarcomeres gives skeletal muscles their striated appearance. In simpler terms, the Sarcomere works like a tiny engine within the muscle, driving muscle contraction.

https://brainly.com/question/34331161

#SPJ6

Answer:

Metaphysis

Explanation:

The tip of a long bone is known as epiphysis and the shaft of a long bone is named as diaphysis.

Metaphysis is located between the tip and shaft of a long bone. Metaphysis tissue consists of epiphyseal plate, fibrous and bony component. Metaphysis undergoes ossification near the diaphysis. The metaphysis  of long bone of children is more prone to the osteomyelitis condition.

Anterograde amnesia refers to the inability to form new memories, so someone with this condition would be unable to remember their mother's name, how they drove to work that day, and the location of their childhood home.

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new episodic or semantic memories, meaning individuals with this condition cannot remember new information after the onset of their amnesia. This includes things like their mother's name, how they drove to work that day, and the location of the home they grew up in.

https://brainly.com/question/34356629

#SPJ2

The extracellular matrix of bone consists primarily of collagen, providing soft framework and flexibility, and hydroxyapatite, a mineral that lends hardness to bones. These two components allow bones to be both strong and flexible.

The extracellular matrix of bone primarily consists of collagen, a protein that provides a soft framework, and hydroxyapatite, a hard mineral made of calcium phosphate. Together, these two components allow the bones to be strong, yet flexible enough to withstand physical stress. While collagen provides tensile strength and flexibility, hydroxyapatite gives bone its hardness and compressive strength. This combination of ingredients in the extracellular matrix enables bones to fulfill their many functions including support, movement, and protection of various body organs.

https://brainly.com/question/30214693

#SPJ6

The extracellular matrix of bone consists of organic material made of collagen and elastic fibers and inorganic material primarily composed of calcium salts, forming hydroxyapatite. These components together ensure that bones are strong, hard, but not brittle.

The extracellular matrix of bone is a mixture of organic and inorganic material. The organic material primarily includes collagen and elastic fibers, which give bone its strength and flexibility. The inorganic material primarily includes mineral salts, specifically hydroxyapatite formed from calcium salts, and contributes to the bone's hardness and strength. Essential cells of the bone, such as osteocytes, are embedded within this matrix, contributing to the unique properties of the bone tissue.

Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. The extracellular matrix's balance of these components allows bones to be durable while also having some degree of flexibility.

https://brainly.com/question/38637949

#SPJ6

Answer:

-Due to acidic pH of stomach.

Explanation:

Enzymes are generally made up of protein molecules and work at an optimum pH and temperature. This is because at change in pH and temperature leads to denaturation of proteins that cause change in active site of enzyme.

For trypsin, optimum pH is slightly basic as pH (7.5). So, trypsin would become non-functional at acidic pH due to denaturation and loss of active site.

Trypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that works at small intestine as pH of small intestine is slightly basic.Thus, if the trypsin was secreted in stomach instead of pancreas, it would be non-functional as stomach has acidic pH due to stomach acid.

Answer:

Fat is a substrate on which our body depends during aerobic training for metabolism.

Explanation: Aerobic literally means "with oxygen", and refers to use of oxygen in muscles' energy generating process. In such exercise, Oxygen is used to "burn" fats and glucose in order to produce Adenosine triphosphate the basic energy carrier for all cells. Initially during aerobic exercise glycogen is broken down to produce glucose, but in its absence, fat metabolism is initiated instead. The more efficient your body becomes through exercise, the easier it is for your body to convert fat into fuel. Fat allows to sustain our workouts for a long duration to see weight loss, cardiovascular and stress-reducing exercise benefits  

Answer:

As a result of long term aerobic training the body tends to depend more on __Fat__ as a substrate for metabolism.

Explanation:

Learn more about:

        https://brainly.com/question/1189010

Keywords: Metabolism \ aerobic \ fat \ carbohydrate \ energy

The region of a long bone that articulates with another bone at a joint is the Epiphysis.

Answer:

Pepsin is an enzyme present in the gastric juice which digests the proteins of the food material.

These pepsin are synthesized as pre-proenzymes or inactive forms by chief cells in the gastric mucosa of the stomach. These inactive forms consist of a signal peptide, activation peptide and active enzyme which gets activated in the acidic environment of stomach by Hydrochloric acid.

The stomach secrets this enzyme in an inactive form to prevent the digestion of protective proteins present in the lining of the digestive tract.