A passenger at the rear of a train traveling at 15 m/s relative to earth throws a baseball with a speed of 15 m/s in the direction opposite the motion of the train. what is the velocity of the baseball relative to the earth as it leaves the thrower’s hand?

Answer:

Since there is no torque on the planet with respect to position of Sun

So the angular momentum of the planet is always constant

hence the rate of change in area with respect to sun is always constant

Explanation:

As we know that rate of area swept by the planet is given as

[tex]v_a = \frac{dA}{dt}[/tex]

here we know that small area swept by the planet is given as

[tex]dA = \frac{1}{2}r^2\theta[/tex]

now rate of area swept by the planet is given as

[tex]\frac{dA}{dt} = \frac{1}{2}r^2\frac{d\theta}{dt}[/tex]

[tex]\frac{dA}{dt} = \frac{1}{2}r^2\omega[/tex]

so we have

[tex]\frac{dA}{dt} = \frac{1}{2m}(mr^2\omega)[/tex]

here we know that angular momentum of the planet with respect to sun is given as

[tex]L = mr^2\omega[/tex]

so we have

[tex]\frac{dA}{dt} = \frac{L}{2m}[/tex]

since we know that there is no torque on the system of planet with respect to sun

So angular momentum of the planet will remain constant

hence we can say

[tex]\frac{dA}{dt} = \frac{L}{2m}[/tex] = constant always

Mass and weight are often used interchangeably on Earth because the force of gravity is relatively constant. However, in science, mass and weight have distinct meanings. Mass is the measure of how much matter is in an object, while weight is the measure of the force of gravity acting on an object.

Mass and weight are often used interchangeably in everyday language, but in science, they have distinct meanings. Mass is the measure of how much matter is in an object, while weight is the measure of the force of gravity acting on an object. On Earth, weight and mass are used synonymously because the force of gravity is relatively constant across the planet. However, it is important to remember that weight can vary in different locations, whereas mass remains constant.

Final answer:

To compute the flea's acceleration, Newton's second law is employed, considering the vertical and horizontal forces separately, and then combining these to find the magnitude and direction using trigonometry.

Explanation:

The question involves calculating the direction and magnitude of the acceleration of a flea, considering both the force exerted by the flea and the force of the breeze, as well as the gravitational force. To find the acceleration, we apply Newtons second law, which states that the acceleration of an object is equal to the net force acting upon it divided by the object's mass, or № = F / m. We can break down the forces into two components: vertical and horizontal.

Vertically, the flea exerts a force downward and gravity pulls it downward, while horizontally, the breeze exerts a force. To find the acceleration in the vertical direction, add the force exerted by the flea to the weight of the flea (mass times gravitational acceleration) and divide by the flea's mass. For the acceleration in the horizontal direction, divide the force of the breeze by the mass of the flea. Since these accelerations are perpendicular, we can use Pythagorean theorem to find the resultant magnitude and trigonometry to find the overall direction of the acceleration.

Answer:

Gases do not have definite volume.

Explanation:

Solids, liquids and gas are three forms of matter. Solids have fixed shape and volume. Liquids do not have fixed shape but have fixed volume. Gases neither have fixed shape nor volume. The particles of solid are tightly packed whereas the particles of gas are very loosely packed and the force of attraction between the particles of gas is very weak.

When the perfume bottle is opened, some liquid changes to gas and fragrance spreads around the room because the particles of gas are very loosely packed and the force of attraction between the particles of gas is very weak. The gas particles do not have fixed volume and easily spread.

The East European Plain is the largest mountain-free land area in Europe. It expands roughly 2000 miles and has a variety of geographic features including ice blocks reaching 2 to 3 kilometers in height.

The largest mountain-free land area in Europe is the East European Plain, also known as the Russian Plain. This geographical feature stretches for about 2000 miles and is roughly a thousand kilometers wide. The structure of the East European Plain exhibits intriguing cells or polygons that have an average width of more than 30 kilometers.

Despite no large mountains, the Plain shows diversity with some areas like the ice blocks in the middle, which are of frozen water and reach heights of nearly 2 to 3 kilometers. This example lends an interesting insight into the geomorphological features of the area despite not being classified as a mountain.

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The amount of open ground space needed for each set of bleachers is 12.825 square meters.

To calculate the area required for the portable bleachers, which are 4.50 meters in length and 2.85 meters in width, we multiply the length by the width. Thus, the area (A) is given by the formula A = length  imes width. By substituting the given dimensions, A = 4.50 m  imes 2.85 m = 12.825 m2. This calculation provides the total ground space necessary for setting up a single set of bleachers, assuming that no additional space is required for clearances or walkways between the bleachers.

Answer:

B: calcium and sodium

Explanation:

you can see it on the pie chart, sodium and calcium make up 7%

we know that

[tex] 1 [/tex] nanometer is equal to [tex] 10^{-9} [/tex] meters

so

[tex] 650\ nm [/tex]------> convert to meters

by proportion

[tex] \frac{1}{10^{-9}}\frac{nm}{m} = \frac{650}{x} \frac{nm}{m} \\ \\ x=650*10^{-9} \ nm\\ \\ x=6.5*10^{-7} \ m [/tex]

[tex] Wave\ length\ of\ red\ light = 6.5*10^{-7}\ m [/tex]

[tex] Wave\ length\ of\ a\ water = 2\ m [/tex]

To calculate how much bigger is the wavelength of a water

Divide [tex] 2\ m [/tex] by [tex] 6.5*10^{-7}\ m [/tex]

so

[tex] \frac{2}{6.5*10^{-7}} =3.08*10^{6} [/tex]

therefore

the answer is

[tex] 3.08*10^{6}\ times\ bigger [/tex]

The wavelength of the water wave is 3 x 10⁶ times bigger than that of the red light.

The wavelength of a waveform signal that is propagating in space or over a wire is measured by the separation between identical points, adjacent crests in the adjacent cycles.

Given that the wavelength of red light is 650 nanometers.

We know that 1 nanometer = 10⁻⁹meter

In order to convert 1 nanometer into meter, it should be multiplied by 10⁻⁹.

So, 650 nm = 650 x 10⁻⁹

650 nm = 0.65 x 10⁻⁶

The wavelength of the given water wave = 2 m

So, comparing the wavelength of the red light with that of the water wave,

2/ 0.65 x 10⁻⁶ = 3 x 10⁶

Therefore, the wavelength of the water wave is 3 x 10⁶ times bigger than that of the red light.

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Active transport includes the utilization of vitality to move particles against a main impetus or, as such, up an electrochemical angle. There are two essential types of Active transport: Primary active utilizes the vitality source (ATP) to straightforwardly ship atoms.

Further Explanation:

Force driving:

Main impetus is a term having more extensive importance than the term Force. To place it in basic words, the Cause of any wonder in nature is the Driving Force of/in that marvel. This reason can likewise be an option that is other than the Force (as saw by and large, which is mechanical power estimated in Newton or pounds).  

transport mechanism:  

To move substances against a focus or electrochemical angle, a cell must utilize vitality. Dynamic vehicle components do only this, consuming vitality (frequently as ATP) to keep up the correct centralizations of particles and atoms in living cells.  

the two kinds of transport machanism:  

The two principle kinds of transport into and out of cells incorporate aloof transport and dynamic transport.  

Active transport:  

Active transport is the development of particles over a film from an area of their lower focus to a locale of their higher fixation against the focus inclination. Dynamic vehicle requires cell vitality to accomplish this development.  

Passive transport:

Passive transport is a development of particles and other nuclear or atomic substances crosswise over cell layers without need of vitality input. In contrast to Active transport, it doesn't require a contribution of cell vitality since it is rather determined by the propensity of the system to develop in entropy.

Subject: physics

Level: High School

Keywords: Force driving, transport mechanism, the two kinds of transport mechanism, Active transport, Passive transport.

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The force driving all of these transport mechanisms is the diffusion down the concentration gradient.

Diffusion is the process of movement of molecules under the higher-to-lower concentration gradient. Transport by diffusion of the molecule down its concentration gradient. The transport mechanism is a spontaneous process that requires no energy.

The transport mechanism is of two types that transport molecules through any biological membrane. These are active and passive transport. Passive transport is the common mechanism called diffusion, which occurs along a concentration gradient from high to low concentration. No energy is required for this process.

Hence, the force driving all of these transport mechanisms is because of diffusion down the concentration gradient.

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Final answer:

The amount by which the temperature can be raised is calculated by using the specific heat capacity of water and converting BTUs to joules to find the temperature change in Celsius, which is then converted to Fahrenheit.

Explanation:

To determine by how many degrees Fahrenheit one metric ton of water can be raised with the addition of 110 thousand BTUs of heat, we need to use the specific heat capacity of water and convert the energy from BTUs to a compatible unit.

The specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 joules per gram per degree Celsius (J/g°C). Moreover, the conversion from BTUs to joules is necessary for the calculations. Since 1 BTU corresponds to approximately 1055.06 joules, 110,000 BTUs is equivalent to 110,000 × 1055.06 joules.

A metric ton of water is equal to 1,000,000 grams. Assuming the specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/g°C, we can set up an equation to find the temperature change in Celsius, which can then be converted to Fahrenheit.

The heat energy equation is heat energy (Q) = mass (m) × specific heat capacity (c) × temperature change (ΔT).

Q = m × c × ΔT

Substituting our values, we have:

110,000 BTUs × 1055.06 J/BTU = 1,000,000 g × 4.184 J/g°C × ΔT

This gives us the temperature change in Celsius, which can then be multiplied by 1.8 to convert to Fahrenheit.

The acceleration of an airplane will be "4 m/s²".

According to the question,

The velocity is:

The time is:

As we know,

The formula of acceleration is:

→ [tex]A = \frac{Change \ in \ velocity}{Time}[/tex]

or,

→ [tex]A = \frac{v_2-v_1}{t}[/tex]

By substituting the values, we get

→     [tex]= \frac{80-0}{20}[/tex]

→     [tex]=\frac{80}{20}[/tex]

→     [tex]= 4 \ m/s^2[/tex]

So the above answer is right.

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Final answer:

The radius of curvature for a car rounding a curve with a constant speed of 10 m/s and a centripetal acceleration of 5 m/s2 is calculated to be 20 meters.

Explanation:

The problem requires us to find the radius of curvature when a car is rounding a curve with a centripetal acceleration. Centripetal acceleration (a) is given by the formula a = v² / r, where v is the constant speed of the car and r is the radius of curvature. Knowing that the car has a constant speed (10 m/s) and a centripetal acceleration (5 m/s²), we can rearrange this formula to solve for the radius r as follows:

r = v² / a

Substituting the given values:

r = (10 m/s)² / (5 m/s²)

r = 100 m²/s² / 5 m/s²

r = 20 m

Therefore, the radius of curvature of the curve is 20 meters.

Answer:C) Sticking the balloon in a freezer.

Explanation:

Sticking the balloon in a freezer will cause the pressure to drop because the air inside will become colder and lead to the particles having lower kinetic energies. In, turn their rate of collisions will decrease and cause the pressure to drop. Leaving the balloon in a hot car and squeezing the balloon will cause a pressure increase and taking the balloon to the top of a hill may or may not cause a pressure increase.

Answer:

C) Sticking the balloon in a freezer.

Explanation:

When we put the balloon into the freezer then due to decrease in the temperature we can find the effect on its pressure using ideal gas Law

It is given as

[tex]PV = nRT[/tex]

so here on decreasing the temperature if volume is assumed to be constant the pressure is given as

[tex]P = \frac{nR}{V} T[/tex]

so pressure will also decrease on decreasing the temperature

so correct answer will be

C) Sticking the balloon in a freezer.

Yes, violet light cause electrons to be emitted from caesium.

Given that;

A ray of violet light has a wavelength of about 4.2×10⁻⁷ m.

When exposed to violet light, caesium does have the potential to emit electrons through a phenomenon called the photoelectric effect.

The photoelectric effect occurs when light, in this case, violet light, transfers its energy to electrons in a material, causing them to be emitted.

The emission of electrons is influenced by factors like the intensity of the light, the frequency (or wavelength) of the light, and the properties of the specific material.

In the case of caesium, violet light with a wavelength of about 4.2×10⁻⁷ m falls within the visible light spectrum and can provide enough energy to cause electron emission.

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Final answer:

The subject is photoelectric effect in physics, where the energy of violet light (wavelength of about 4.2×10−7 m) is compared to cesium's work function to determine if electrons will be emitted.

Explanation:

The question involves the concept of photoelectric effect in physics, where light can cause electrons to be emitted from a material. This phenomenon is governed by the work function of the material, which is the minimum energy needed to remove an electron. For cesium, we need to compare the energy of the violet light (approximately 4.2×10−7 m) to the work function of cesium to determine if photoemission would occur.

Using the photoelectric equation and Planck's constant, we can calculate the energy of the photon and then compare it to the work function of cesium. As discussed in the references provided, certain wavelengths of light, like 420-nm violet light with an energy of 2.96 eV, are just above the threshold frequency for materials like calcium. Since the threshold wavelength for cesium is not directly provided, we need to look at the stopping potential mentioned (0.33V for 546nm light for cesium), which gives a hint about the work function of cesium. We understand that if the photon's energy is higher than this work function, electrons will be emitted.