In pea plants, when a homozygous smooth seed plant is crossed with a homozygous wrinkled seed plant, the first generation plants will have all smooth seeds. The percentage of second-generation plants with smooth seeds depends on the genotypes of the first-generation plants. If both parents of the first generation are heterozygous, 75% of the second-generation plants will have smooth seeds.
Explanation:In pea plants, the trait for smooth seeds is dominant over the trait for wrinkled seeds. When a homozygous smooth pea plant is crossed with a homozygous wrinkled pea plant, all the first-generation (F1) plants will have smooth seeds. When these F1 plants are self-fertilized, the second generation (F2) of plants can have smooth or wrinkled seeds. The percentage of F2 plants that will have smooth seeds depends on the genotypes of the F1 plants.
If both parents of the F1 generation are heterozygous (Ss), there is a 3:1 ratio of smooth to wrinkled seeds in the F2 generation. Therefore, 75% of the F2 plants will have smooth seeds.
However, if the F1 generation consists of plants that are homozygous dominant (SS) for the smooth seed trait, all the F2 plants will also be homozygous dominant (SS) and will have smooth seeds.
What carries information for the rods and cones back out to the ganglion cells and then to the brain?
Answer: Fovea Centralis
Explanation:
Fovea Centralis is located at the center of the retina. It is responsible for interpreting visual detail with accuracy, by sending visual information to the ganglion cells, which eventually transmits them to the brain.
Thus, Fovea Centralis is the answer
In a bacterial cell population that is growing exponentially, if one generation has 100 cells and the following generation has 200 cells, the next generation is expected to have
Answer:
400 cells
Explanation:
Bacterial growth refers to the increase in the number of bacteria population in an exponential manner. That is, if a bacteria cell divides in a generation to give rise 2 bacteria cells, while in the next generation, we would be having a bacterial cell population of 4 cells.
So, if one generation has 100 cells and the following has 200 cells, the next generation would have a bacterial cell population of 400, showing an exponential increase in bacterial cell growth from one generation to another.
Reptiles and birds excrete waste as an insoluble white solid that is called uric acid. How does this help them to maintain internal homeostasis in hot climates? by retaining water by conserving energy by reducing body temperature by maintaining heart rate
Answer:
This help them to maintain internal homeostasis in hot climates by retaining water .
Explanation:
Homeostasis is maintaining balance within a system, as you can see this in cells. This in them conserve as much water as possible, they do this by converting their waste to a solid, since it doesn't require water to excrete. This helps them to maintain internal homeostasis in hot climates since the presence of water allows them to cool easily. In case of the homeostasis the movement of particles takes place against the concentration gradient.
Answer: this helps them maintain homeostasi by maintaining water on edg 2020
Explanation:
Nikhil asked 120 randomly chosenmoviegoers to watch a clip of an upcoming movie and choose the best title. The title "Everything" was chosen by 36 of the moviegoers as the preferred title. To the nearest percent, with a confidence level of 90% (z*-score 1.645), what is the confidence interval for the proportion of moviegoers who preferred the title "Everything"? E = z* and C = + E between 4% and 10% between 7% and 30% between 23% and 37% between 29% and 43%
Answer:
C. between 23% and 37%
Explanation:
Given:
The total viewers(n) = 120
The total number that chooses the title "Everything” = 36
Therefore,
The mean proportion is p = 36/120 = 0.3.
Let's find the standard deviation of the proportion
=√(p*(1-p)/n)
= √(0.3*0.7/120)
= 0.0418.
Next step is to multiply 0.0418 by the z-score of 1.645 to get the deviation
The confidence interval
= (0.3 - 0.0688, 0.3 + 0.0688)
=(0.2312, 0.3688).
=(23.12%, 36.88%)
Answer:C
Explanation:
Glucose is reabsorbed _______. a) by secondary active transport b) by facilitated diffusion through transmembrane proteins c) into the peritubular capillaries d) All of the above are correct.
Answer:
All of the above are correct.
Explanation:
The plasma membrane is the selectively permeable membrane that allows the movement of some selected particles only. Different types of movement like diffusion, osmosis and active transport occurs in the body.
Glucose acts as the primary energy source of the body. Glucose can be reabosrbed in the body by the facilitated diffusion and by the secondary active transport as well depending on the site of the cell. Glucose can enter in the peritubular capillaries as well.
Thus, the correct answer is option (d).
Plate tectonics is the theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and the resulting features and processes of the interaction of the plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle. There are four boundary zones that are created by these plate interactions. What is the most common resulting process that is found in all four of the zones?
Earthquakes
Submarine mountain range
Trenches
Widening of the ocean basin
Answer:
The correct answer is "Earthquakes".
Explanation:
The four boundary zones that are created by tectonic plates interactions are: divergent, convergent, transform and plate boundary zones. There are different consequences of the boundary zones, including the generation of new crust, destruction of new crust, plates sliding horizontally and unclear effects, respectively. Independently of the effect of the boundary zones, the most common resulting process of these effects is the generation of earthquakes. Earthquakes are the result of the movement of tectonic plates, which takes place at all four boundary zones.
Species that have a capacity for a high rate of population increase are called ____.
Answer:
r-selected species
Explanation:
Species that have a capacity for a high rate of population increase are called r-selected species.
What is the diversity in the species?The species diversity index can be defined as the measure of the diversity of species. This takes into the account for the number of species present in an area, also the relative abundance of species in an area. If the species richness increases, evenness of the species also increases and the diversity of species also increases.
Biodiversity has been the variety and variability of all living organisms within a given environment. The main components that contribute to biodiversity has been given as follow:
1 - Species richness: It takes into account the number of different species present in an area. So the more species, the more richer that place is.
2 - Species evenness: It describes the relative abundance of the different species in an area. That is, the more similar the abundance (quantity) of a species, the more uniform it will be.
Therefore, Species that have a capacity for a high rate of population increase are called r-selected species.
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Which is known as the most venomous spiders in north america?
Answer:
Recluse Spiders (Loxosceles) is known as the most venomous spiders in north america.
Explanation:
There are 3,000 species of spiders described in North America.
Among the spiders found in North America, only the Loxosceles and Latrodectus species are considered really dangerous and an average of 4 people die from venomous spider bites a year in the USA.
The Brown Recluse Spider's venom can cause significant cutaneous injury with tissue loss and necrosis, and can be deadly to humans. However, though it is very dangerous to people, it is not an aggressive species and it only bites when threatened.
The most venomous spider in noth America is the brown recluse
An advantage of gas exchange in fresh water, compared with gas exchange in air, is that:
a. water usually contains a higher concentration of oxygen than air
b. ventilation requires less energy in water
c. the respiratory surface does not have to be as extensive in water
d. water is easier to move over the respiratory surface
e. water loss through evaporation across the respiratory surface can be minimized
Answer:
e. water loss through evaporation across the respiratory surface can be minimized
Explanation:
Exchange of gases, otherwise known as respiration is an important process in living organisms during which food material within the body is broken down to unlock their energies for the functioning of living organisms.
During gaseous exchange, oxygen gas diffuses into respiratory tissues and dissolves on respiratory surfaces while carbon dioxide diffuses in the other direction.
Respiratory surfaces are usually thin walled with moist inner surfaces that enables the dissolution of gases. Depending on the atmospheric temperature, respiratory surfaces in terrestrial organisms are at varying risks of losing moisture to the atmosphere due to evaporation.
In aquatic organisms however, evaporation from respiratory surfaces is minimized as the immediate environment is water.
Options a to d are not entirely true about water and respiration.
The correct option is e.
The major advantage of gas exchange in fresh water, compared to air, is that water loss through evaporation across the respiratory surface can be minimized. This is crucial for water-dwelling organisms' survival.
Explanation:The advantage of gas exchange in fresh water, compared to gas exchange in air lies within option e). Water loss through evaporation across the respiratory surface can be minimized in water. Freshwater species often have additional adaptations to prevent excessive water loss. For instance, fish have gills which allows for effective gas exchange whilst maintaining water balance. Gas exchange surfaces in water-dwelling organisms are usually kept moist to facilitate this exchange. Consequently, these organisms minimize water loss through evaporation which is vital to their survival. Note that options a, b, c, and d are not correct because water does not usually have a higher concentration of oxygen than air, ventilation requires more energy in water, the respiratory surface needs to be more extensive in water, and water is not necessarily easier to move over the respiratory surface.
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In pea plants, the allele for purple flower color is dominant to the allele for white flower color. If you were to perform a test cross to determine the genotype of a purple-flowered plant, what would you expect the phenotypic ratio of purple-flowered to white-flowered progeny to be if the plant is homozygous? And what would you expect if the plant is heterozygous?
A. If the purple-flowered plant is homozygous, then the progeny would all have purple flowers; if the purple-flowered plant is heterozygous, then the progeny would have purple to white flowers in a 1:1 ratio.
B. If the purple-flowered plant is homozygous, than the progeny would all have white flowers; if the purple-flowered plant is heterozygous, then the progeny would have purple to white flowers in a 1:1 ratio.
C. If the purple-flowered plant is homozygous, than the progeny would have purple to white flowers in a 1:3 ratio; if the purple-flowered plant is heterozygous, then the progeny would have purple to white flowers in a 1:1 ratio.
D. If the purple-flowered plant is homozygous, than the progeny would all have purple flowers; if the purple-flowered plant is heterozygous, then the progeny would have purple to white flowers in a 3:1 ratio.
E. If the purple-flowered plant is homozygous, than the progeny would have purple to white flowers in a 1:3 ratio; if the purple-flowered plant is heterozygous, then the progeny would have purple to white flowers in a 1:3 ratio.
The phenotypic ratio of purple-flowered to white-flowered progeny would be different depending on the genotype of the purple-flowered plant: all purple flowers if homozygous and a 1:1 ratio if heterozygous.
Explanation:In a test cross to determine the genotype of a purple-flowered plant, if the plant is homozygous for the purple flower color allele, all the progeny would have purple flowers. This is because the purple flower color allele is dominant to the white flower color allele. On the other hand, if the plant is heterozygous, the progeny would show a 1:1 phenotypic ratio of purple to white flowers.
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Large, slow brain waves called Delta waves are most associated with which stage of sleep?
Answer:
Deep stage 3 of NREM
Explanation:
Delta waves are a type of waves that are recorded in an EEG and has a frequency of 0.5 to 4 Hertz. These waves are known detected during the deep stage 3 of NREM and hence this stage is also known as slow wave sleep. Out of all the brain waves that are detected during an EEG, these waves are the ones with the highest amplitude and the slowest in nature .These waves are detected first at stage 3 and then dominates the stage 4 of the sleep. Since it is in the stage 3 that these waves are detected, the sleep during this stage is also known as delta sleep.Answer:
Stage 4 for A P E X test
Explanation:
What body systems remove toxins from the body? What are "toxins," and where do they come from? Are all "toxins" alike? Do toxins really cause you to gain body fat or prevent you from losing weight?
Answer:
Basically, detoxification means cleansing the blood. This is done by removing impurities from the blood in the liver, where toxins are processed for elimination. The body also eliminates toxins through the kidneys, intestines, lungs, lymphatic system, and skin.
Toxins created by the body and even your emotions. These toxins come from industry, car exhausts, air and water pollution, pesticides, herbicides and radiation. They also are found in your hair care products, soaps, make-up, perfumes and cleaning products.
Obesity is a continually growing trend in countries that follow more Western diets and lifestyles, but what if this spike in weight gain can’t be entirely blamed on sugary or fatty foods and a lack of exercise? Turns out toxins contribute to fat storage and make it more difficult to lose those extra pounds too.
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Brainiest?
The excretory system and the liver play key roles in removing toxins, which are diverse substances from various sources that can affect health. The direct relationship between toxins and weight gain is not well-established, but a healthy excretory function supports overall health and can influence weight management.
Explanation:The body systems responsible for removing toxins from the body are primarily the excretory system and the liver, which is part of the digestive system. Toxins can be substances such as pollutants, chemicals, and metabolic by-products that need to be cleared out to maintain health. They come from various sources like the environment, food, and the breakdown of bodily tissues. Not all toxins are alike, as they can be both external substances and internal waste products.
Beliefs that toxins are directly causing fat gain or preventing weight loss are not strongly supported by scientific evidence. While an accumulation of certain toxins in the body could potentially lead to negative health outcomes, how much they contribute to body fat gain is not well-established. However, a healthy functioning liver and excretory system are crucial for overall health and can indirectly support weight management by maintaining proper metabolism and bodily functions.
In general, the percentage of body weight that comes from bones, muscles, organs, or body fat varies from person to person, and factors such as diet, exercise, and individual metabolism can influence body composition. Health outcomes can indeed differ based on where body fat is stored, with abdominal (visceral) fat being linked to higher health risks than subcutaneous fat located in other body areas.
Continental rises are formed:_______
a. next to submarine canyons.
b. in association with hydrothermal vents as a result of the slow accumulation of sediments from the water column.
c. by many deep sea fans.
d. on the flank of a mid-ocean ridge.
Answer:
Answer is C. by many deep sea fans.
Explanation:
Continental rises consist of sand , silts and mud. They are regarded as the the gently inclined slope or sloping transition which are found between the continental slope and the ocean floor. It is found all around the world. And characterized by coalescence of submarine alluvial fans.
What is responsible for keeping the percentage of atmospheric oxygen at a relieve constant rate?
Answer: Green plants
Explanation:
The constant process of photosynthesis which mopped cabondioixide from the atmosphere (and the activities of phytoplanktons ) and replace this with Oxygen through photolysis of water, and is the main driving force that keep the percentages of atmospheric oxygen relatively constant at 20.95%
Additionally the constant release of Carbon dioxide by animals, and man, as by product of cellular respiration, and the intake of Oxygen ensured constant maintenance of continuous cycle of oxygen for relative constant percentage.
When alcohol intake exceeds the body's ability to metabolize it, excess alcohol __________.
Answer:
becomes accumulated in the blood
Explanation:
The processing of alcohol is constant in every individual. The rate at which alcohol stays in someone's body is determined by how much of it is consumed.
Alcohol enters the digestive system once ingested and travels to the stomach and small intestines. The amount of alcohol absorbed in the small intestine enters directly to the bloodstream. Once in the blood, alcohol is circulated with it. The liver is responsible for the metabolic elimination of most (about 95%) of ingested alcohol from the body. If an individual consumes more than this, the system becomes saturated, and the additional alcohol will accumulate in the blood and other tissues until it can be metabolized. If this happens frequently or too fast, damage to the brain and tissues of the body can occur.
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) depends on the amount of alcohol consumed and the rate at which the individual's body metabolizes alcohol. Because the metabolism of alcohol by the body is constant, taking in alcohol at a rate higher than the rate of metabolizing it results in a cumulative effect and increase in the blood alcohol concentration.
It is important to note that, the more one drinks the longer alcohol stays in the system.
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Which of the following best describes the long-term impact of using a renewable energy source?
Hydropower involves blocking rivers, which disrupts ecosystems.
Geothermal energy can pollute water supplies.
Nuclear power produces radiation, which is harmful if leaked.
Natural gas causes air pollution when burned.
Answer:
Hydropower involves blocking rivers, which disrupts ecosystems.
Explanation:
Prolonged use of hydropower can disrupt the ecosystem since it involves the blocking of rivers. This is a long term impact hydropower generation.
Hydropower is a renewable source of energy in which water is used to generate electricity.
The water is sourced from large river bodies with a lot of kinetic energy in them.
Huge volumes of water discharge is needed for this process.
Therefore, water must be dammed for this purpose.
Damming of water bodies affects the ecosystem.
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Answer:
Hydropower involves blocking rivers, which disrupts ecosystems.
Explanation:
I got this correct
How many molecules are formed from the cleavage of glucose during the first step of glycolysis?
Answer:
The correct answer is- 2 molecules with 3 carbons
Explanation:
Glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. In glycolysis, glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen into two molecules of pyruvate which consists of three carbons.
So in glycolysis, glucose is partially oxidized into two molecules of pyruvate. Then in aerobic respiration, this glucose is fully oxidized into CO2 in kreb's cycle. Glucose is a six-carbon compound so it gives 2 molecule of 3 carbon compounds during the first step of glycolysis.
So during this partial oxidation of glucose 2 ATP and 2 NADH is produced with 2 molecule of pyruvate which is a 3 carbon compound.
The nurse is caring for a 22-year-old g2, p2 client who has disseminated intravascular coagulation after delivering a dead fetus. which finding is the highest priority to report to the health care provider (hcp)?
Answer: A. activated partial thromboplastine time(ATTP) of 30 secs.
B. Haemoglobin of 11.5g/dl(115g/l)
C. urinary output of 25ml in the last 1hour
D. platelets at 149000mm3(149*109/l)
Correct option is A
Explanation:
The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT or APTT ) is a blood test that characterizes coagulation of the blood.The partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is often used in conjunction with another measure of how quickly blood clotting takes place called the prothrombin time (PT). The prothrombin time (PT) measures the speed of clotting by means of the extrinsic pathways
The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) reflect the underlying consumption and impaired synthesis of the
coagulation cascade.
Her appearance was pale, with a slightly jaundiced appearance noted. On 8/24, additional labs were drawn. Which lab abnormality likely explains KS's symptoms?
Answer:
Excess amount of Bilirubin in the blood stream.
Explanation:
When there is an excess amount of bilirubin in the blood stream, it causes jaundice, with symptoms like; yellow eyes and skin, among others.
Compare and contrast elements and compounds (check all that are true): Group of answer choices Compounds are made of different types of atoms. Elements cannot be broken down by physical or chemical changes Compounds can be physically separated. Elements are made of only one type of atom. Compounds can be chemically separated. Compounds are made of the same type of atom
Answer:
Compounds are made of different types of atoms.
Elements cannot be broken down by physical or chemical changes
Elements are made of only one type of atom.
Explanation:
An Element is any one of the simplest chemical substances that CANNOT be decomposed in a chemical reaction or by any chemical means and made up of atoms all having the same number of protons. Examples are Sodium (Na), Nitrogen (N2), Aluminium (Al)
Compound is a substance formed by chemical union of two or more ingredients in definite proportions by weight. examples are NaCl (Sodium Chloride), NH3 (Ammonia)
Answer:
compounds are made if different Types of atoms. elements are made of only one type of atoms. elements cannot be broken down by physical or chemical changes
Explanation:
check all that are true and these are all true
Which condition would be most conducive to the evolution of sexual reproduction and recombination?
Answer:
A rapidly changing environment
Explanation:
The sexual reproduction is more advantageous to organism to survive in the harsh conditions due to the changes in the sequence of nucleotides of the genes which became a characteristic feature of the sexual mode of reproduction.
This process of changes in the sequence is known as recombination. The sexual mode or reproduction evolved in the last common ancestors of eukaryotes but it is known to occur in the prokaryotes also as they reproduce by conjugation, transformation and transduction.
The sexual mode of reproduction was evolved in the organism as a result of the change in the environment to survive and thrive in the environment.
Which of these events is caused by the stapes pushing against membrane covering the oval window?A The pressure change causes the organ of Corti to vibrate horizontally.B The pressure change causes the tectorial membrane to move horizontally.C The pressure change causes the organ of Corti to vibrate vertically.D The pressure change causes the tectorial membrane to vibrate vertically.
Answer:
The correct answer is option C "The pressure change causes the organ of Corti to vibrate vertically".
Explanation:
The organ of Corti is an important structure for auditory perception that acts as a receptor organ for hearing. The organ of Corti is located in the mammalian cochlea and it allows for the transduction of auditory signals into nerve impulses according to the vibrations that are received from external sources. If the receiving sounds comes from the stapes pushing against membrane covering the oval window, the pressure change will causes the organ of Corti to vibrate vertically. Stimulus from membrane covering the oval window are sent to the organ of Corti, which responds by vibrating vertically.
The synthesis of protein or carbohydrate polymers always produces which of the following as a byproduct?
Answer:
Water
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The synthesis of protein or carbohydrate polymers always produce water as a byproduct.
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS:
Dehydration synthesis is a type of reaction which involves the synthesis of a large molecule from smaller molecules with the release of water. Dehydration synthesis is the reaction through which proteins or carbohydrates (polysaccharide) are formed. For example, glucose molecules will combine in a dehydration synthesis to form starch with the release of water.Hence, the synthesis of protein or carbohydrate polymers always produce water as a byproduct.
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Brent is a White man who has been given a choice to work with Darwin or Ken. Darwin is a Black man who shares many of Brent's values and attitudes, and Ken is a White man who shares little in common with Brent. Who will Brent like and want to work with most?
A) Darwin
B) Ken
C) All else being equal,his liking will be equally high for both Darwin and Ken
D) Brent will probably choose to work alone
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
Brent will opt to work with an individual who has the desired characteristics to meet the work requirement and could also go along with efficient team building. Thus, in case if both Ken and Darwin have similar characteristics, then Brent would prefer to work with both the person irrespective of their color. Physical characteristics will not impact Brent decision for choosing one amongst the two.
Hence, option C is correct
California enacts a statute to ban advertising in "bad taste." This stat-ute would likely be held by a court to be
(A) anunconstitutional restriction of speech.
(B) constitutional under the First Amendment.
(C) justified by the need to protect individual rights.
(D)necessary to protect national interests
Answer:
Option A, an unconstitutional restriction of speech
Explanation:
Please see the attachment
Final answer:
The correct option is (A). A statute in California aimed to ban advertising in "bad taste" would likely be struck down as unconstitutional under the First Amendment, as prior case law supports the protection of speech unless it fails strict tests such as content-neutrality or imminent lawless action.
Explanation:
The correct option is (A). The question regards whether a California statute to ban advertising in "bad taste" would likely be held by a court to be constitutional or not. Based on relevant case law and First Amendment jurisprudence, such a statute would likely be deemed an unconstitutional restriction of speech. The United States Supreme Court has consistently held that statutes regulating speech must be content-neutral, not overbroad, and the least restrictive means to achieve a compelling government interest.
In cases like Stromberg v. California and Cohen v. California, the Supreme Court has protected symbolic speech and offensive language, respectively, under the First Amendment. Moreover, laws targeting obscenity or fighting words must pass strict scrutiny such as the Miller Test or be designed to prevent imminent lawless action. Broad regulations on speech based on taste are likely to be struck down as they are neither content-neutral nor narrow enough to avoid infringing on protected speech.
Dysfunctional breathing results in an increase in the activity level of which of the following secondary respiratory muscles
a. Scalenes
b. Rectus abdominis
c. Internal oblique
d. Diaphragm
Answer:
Answer is A. Scalene.
Explanation:
Dysfunctional breathing is a breathing disorder , which is characterized by changes in breathing pattern. It can also be described as an alteration in normal breathing.
The scalene are muscles which are found at the neck, and act as accessory muscle of respiration.
The roots of mandibular first premolars are? A. (flattened faciolingually) and (frequently sharply curved distally) B. (flattened faciolingually), (usually free of marked distal curvature) and (frequently seen with slight concave areas on mesial and distal surfaces) C. (broader facially than lingually) and (frequently seen with slight concave areas on mesial and distal surfaces) only D. (broader facially than lingually), (usually free of marked distal curvature) and (frequently seen with slight concave areas on mesial and distal surfaces)
Answer:
D. (broader facially than lingually), (usually free of marked distal curvature) and (frequently seen with slight concave areas on mesial and distal surfaces)
Explanation:
From the diagram below, we can different aspects of Mandibular first premolars. A. Buccal, B. Lingual, C. Mesial, D. Distal, E. Occlusal.
The Buccal aspect of mandibular first premolars have buccolingual measurement as a canine and has a sharp buccal cusp.The crown is inclined lingually but is broader facially than lingual, and therefore, the tip of the buccal cusp is situated on the vertical axis of the root.
The lingual cusp is smaller and shorter than buccal cusp.
The distal contact area is wider than the mesial contact area, since the contact tooth is second premolar offering it a free of marked distal curvature.
In addition, the outline is concave from the contact area is broader than the mesial contact area, thus it is frequently seen with slight concave areas on mesial and distal surfaces.
Answer:
I think the answers "D"
Explanation:
If the original finches that had been blown over to the Galápagos from South America had already been genetically different from the parental population of South American finches, even before adapting to the Galápagos, this would have been an example of
A) genetic drift.
B) bottleneck effect.
C) founder effect.
D) all three of these.
E) both the first and third of these.
Answer:
If the original finches that had been blown over to the Galápagos from South America had already been genetically different from the parental population of South American finches, even before adapting to the Galápagos, this would have been an example of
E) both the first and third of these.
Explanation:
Genetic drift was the process of changing of allele frequencies over generations in a random fashion.
Founder effect is closely linked with the genetic drift. In this case, a few individuals of the original population start a new colony isolated from the other members of the species.
A founder effect happens when a new colony started from few members of the original population. The small size of population means that the colony may have a small variation of the genes in the original population.
A founder effect event happens when a small group of individuals was separated from the rest of the population, whereas a bottleneck effect occurs when most of the population is destroyed.
The correct answer to the question is C) founder effect, which occurs when a new population is established by a subset of the original population, carrying with it an unrepresentative set of alleles. Genetic drift includes both the bottleneck and founder effects, but they occur under different conditions. The scenario described is not a bottleneck event but rather represents the founder effect.
Explanation:If the original finches that had been blown over to the Galápagos from South America had already been genetically different from the parental population of South American finches, even before adapting to the Galápagos, this would have been an example of the founder effect. The founder effect is a form of genetic drift where a few individuals establish a new population that is not genetically representative of the original population. Since this scenario involves a new population being established by a subset of the original population and carrying with it an unrepresentative set of alleles, it matches the definition of the founder effect.
Genetic drift is the effect of chance on a population's gene pool and it can manifest in special cases such as the bottleneck effect and the founder effect. The bottleneck effect occurs when a population's size is significantly reduced due to a catastrophic event, leading to a random alteration in allele frequencies that is not based on the organisms' traits. However, since the finches in question were not subjected to a catastrophe that reduced their numbers, but rather were part of a group that started a new population, the bottleneck effect is not applicable in this case.
Therefore, option C, the founder effect, is the accurate answer. It is important to note that while both bottleneck and founder effects are examples of genetic drift, they occur under different conditions and are not interchangeable terms. The correct answer is C) founder effect.
1. Discuss why reproductive isolation is necessary for divergence in populations.
3. Identify the eight mechanisms of reproductive isolation.
4. Explain the common ways in which sympatric speciation can occur.
5. Recognize that allopatric speciation is the most common way in which new species arise.
1. Reproductive isolation is essential for population divergence. The mechanisms of reproductive isolation are essential for speciation which is the process of development of new species from preexisting species.
Due to reproductive isolation individuals of the same population will acquire different types of genetic variations and mutations such that males and females of the isolated populations cannot reproduce with each other.
3. Mechanisms of reproductive isolation are temporal isolation, behavioural isolation, gametic isolation, ecological isolation, mechanical isolation, hybrid inviability, hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown.
4. Species populations within the same habitat become reproductively isolated in sympatric speciation. This speciation is a resultant of polyploidy where an offspring develops with twice the number of chromosomes.
5. Allopatric speciation is also called geographic isolation and it is the most common type of isolation. A geographical barrier separates individuals of a species and the separated groups develop into new species.
After suffering a brain injury by falling from a ladder, Zack's wife continues to tell the doctor that his personality has changed. He used to be fun loving and carefree, but he is now more critical and yells at his children for seemingly little reason. Zack is likely to have suffered damage to the __________ part of his cortex.
Answer:
frontal lobe
Explanation:
The cerebral cortex of the brain has four paired lobes. one of these four paired lobes is the frontal lobe and it occupies 2/3rds of the entire human brain. the frontal lobe is associated with performing tasks such as speech and language production, walking and running, classifying and identifying objects, reacting to feelings, forming memories, forming the personality of a person, and attention involving tasks. Since after the injury, Zack has an altered personality and his reaction to the situation has changed, this points out to the fact that he is most likely suffering from frontal lobe injury.