Answer:
deflected toward bottom of the screen
Explanation:
When entering the region with magnetic field, a magnetic force is exerted on the proton. This force is perpendicular to both the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the velocity of the proton.
The direction of the force can be determined by using the right-hand rule. We have:
- Index finger: direction of the velocity of the proton --> to the right
- Middle finger: direction of the magnetic field --> into the screen
- Thumb: direction of the magnetic force --> toward bottom of the screen
So, the correct answer is
deflected toward bottom of the screen
Which of the following statements are true regarding electromagnetic waves traveling through a vacuum? (Select all that apply.) All waves have the same wavelength. All waves have the same frequency. All waves travel at 3.00 108 m/s. The electric and magnetic fields associated with the waves are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of wave propagation. The speed of the waves depends on their frequency.
Correct choices:
- All waves travel at 3.00 108 m/s.
- The electric and magnetic fields associated with the waves are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of wave propagation.
Explanation:
Let's analyze each statement:
- All waves have the same wavelength. --> FALSE. Electromagnetic waves have a wide range of wavelengths, from less than 10 picometers (gamma rays) to hundreds of kilometers (radio waves)
- All waves have the same frequency. --> FALSE. As for the wavelength, electromagnetic waves have a wide range of frequencies also.
- All waves travel at 3.00 108 m/s. --> TRUE. This value is called speed of light, and it is one of the fundamental constant: it is the value of the speed of all electromagnetic waves in a vacuum.
- The electric and magnetic fields associated with the waves are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of wave propagation. --> TRUE. Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves, which means that their oscillations (represented by the electric field and the magnetic field) occurs perpendicularly to the direction of motion of the wave.
- The speed of the waves depends on their frequency. --> FALSE. In a vacuum, the speed of ALL electromagnetic waves is always equal to c, regardless of the frequency.
Answer:
option C and D
Explanation:
Electromagnetic waves can travel in vacuum as well as in a medium. The different waves have different frequency and wavelength but have same speed in vacuum (3.00 x 10⁸ m/s).
These waves carry the energy via oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The electric and magnetic fields oscillate perpendicular to each other and to the direction of motion of the wave.
What is the current in a 100.-ohm resistor connected to a 0.40-volt source of potential diffrence
Current = (voltage) / (resistance) Ohm's law
Current = (0.4 v) / (100 ohms)
Current = 0.004 Ampere
Current = 4 milliamperes
The current in a 100.-ohm resistor connected to a 0.40-volt source of potential diffrence will be 0.004Ampere
What is potential difference?Potential difference is the difference in the amount of energy that charge carriers have between two points in a circuit.
The potential difference (which is the same as voltage) is equal to the amount of current multiplied by the resistance.
A potential difference of one Volt is equal to one Joule of energy being used by one Coulomb of charge when it flows between two points in a circuit.
The formula for potential difference is :
[tex]V=IR[/tex]
[tex]I=\dfrac{V}{R}[/tex]
[tex]I=\dfrac{0.4}{100}=0.0004 \ Amp[/tex]
Thus the current in a 100.-ohm resistor connected to a 0.40-volt source of potential diffrence will be 0.004Ampere
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How can you measure the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Answer:
In longitudinal waves, such as sound, the vibration is parallel to the propagation direction of the wave itself. These disturbances are due to the successive compressions of the medium, where the particles move back and forth in the same direction as the wave.
If we want to measure the amplitude of this type of wave we need to know the distance between particles of the medium that is being compresed by the perturbation. So, the closer together the particles are, the greater the amplitude of the wave.
The amplitude of a longitudinal wave may be measured by comparing the height of its compressions and rarefactions. This is the variation from the equilibrium or rest position of the wave. If you have a wave equation, you can determine the amplitude directly from it.
Explanation:In Physics, you can measure the amplitude of a longitudinal wave, which is a measure of the maximum displacement of the medium from its equilibrium position, by comparing the heights of its compressions (peaks) and rarefactions (troughs). The equilibrium position, in scenario of a water wave for example, is the height of the water if there were no waves moving through it. The crest of the wave is a distance +'A' above the equilibrium position, and the trough is a distance -'A' below it.
Remember that the amplitude of a sound wave decreases with distance from its source, as the energy of the wave gets spread over a larger area. The compression of a longitudinal wave is analogous to the peak of a transverse wave, and the rarefaction to the trough of a wave. Just as a transverse wave alternates between peaks and troughs, a longitudinal wave alternates between compression and rarefaction.
If you have a wave equation, you can decipher the amplitude, wave number, and angular frequency directly. For example, in the equation y(x, t) = A sin (kx — wt), the amplitude is read straight from the equation and is equal to 'A'.
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Examine the scenario.
A car starts from rest and uniformly accelerates to a speed of 40 km/h in 5 s. The car moves south the entire time.
Which option correctly lists a vector quantity from the scenario?
distance: 40 km
velocity: 5 km/h north
acceleration 8 km/h/s south
speed: 40 km/h
Answer:
acceleration 8 km/h/s south
Explanation:
First of all, let's remind that a vector quantity is a quantity which has both a magnitude and a direction.
Based on this definition, we can already rule out the following two choices:
distance: 40 km
speed: 40 km/h
Since they only have magnitude, they are not vectors.
Then, the following option:
velocity: 5 km/h north
is wrong, because the car is moving south, not north.
So, the correct choice is
acceleration 8 km/h/s south
In fact, the acceleration can be calculated as
[tex]a=\frac{v-u}{t}[/tex]
where
v = 40 km/h is the final velocity
u = 0 is the initial velocity
t = 5 s is the time
Substituting,
[tex]a=\frac{40 km/h-0}{5 s}=8 km/h/s[/tex]
And since the sign is positive, the direction is the same as the velocity (south).
A negatively charged particle is moving to the right, directly above a wire have a current flowing to the right. In which direction is the magnetic force exerted on the particle?A) into the pageB) downwardC) upwardD) out of the page
Answer:
C) upward
Explanation:
The problem can be solved by using the right-hand rule.
First of all, we notice at the location of the negatively charged particle (above the wire), the magnetic field produced by the wire points out of the page (because the current is to the right, so by using the right hand, putting the thumb to the right (as the current) and wrapping the other fingers around it, we see that the direction of the field above the wire is out of the page).
Now we can apply the right hand rule to the charged particle:
- index finger: velocity of the particle, to the right
- middle finger: direction of the magnetic field, out of the page
- thumb: direction of the force, downward --> however, the charge is negative, so we must reverse the direction --> upward
Therefore, the direction of the magnetic force is upward.
The magnetic force exerted on a negatively charged particle, moving in the same direction as the current, would be downward according to the left-hand rule in Physics.
Explanation:In this scenario, we can use the left-hand rule, as it's relevant to the movement and force applied on negatively charged particles in a magnetic field. To apply the left-hand rule, point your thumb in the direction of the particle's velocity (right), and your fingers in the direction of the current (also right). This should make your palm face downward. Hence, a negatively charged particle moving right, with the current also flowing right, would experience a magnetic force directed downward. So, the correct answer is B) Downward.
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Scientists are making plans to put a probe in orbit around Earth. They want the probe to enter the orbit shown below.
Which arrow shows the direction that the probe should be moving in order for it to enter the orbit?
W
X
Y
Z
The solution is X. To enter the orbit, the probe must move in the same plane as the orbit. X advances to the left as the orbit travels to the left.
What types are orbit?Types of orbit are:
Geostationary orbit (GEO)
Low Earth orbit (LEO)
Medium Earth orbit (MEO)
Polar orbit and Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO)
Transfer orbits and geostationary transfer orbit (GTO)
Lagrange points (L-points)
A satellite's orbital period in a geostationary orbit, which is a circular orbit 35,785 km (22,236 miles) above the equator, is the same as the Earth's rotational period of 23 hours and 56 minutes. An observer on Earth would perceive a spacecraft in this orbit as motionless in the sky.
A space probe is an unpiloted, unmanned device sent to explore space and gather scientific information.
The solution is X. To enter the orbit, the probe must move in the same plane as the orbit. X advances to the left as the orbit travels to the left.
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What is the strongest force on Earth?
P.S. It is not LOVE
lol if not LOVE then its , strongest fundamental force is the strong nuclear force; it is 100 times stronger than the electromagnetic force.
hope this helps:)sorry if it doesnt
When energy is transferred between substances what happens to their temperatures?
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only change forms (the 1st law of thermodynamics). This means that when energy is transferred to another substance it has to lose some energy someway, because no energy transfer is 100% efficient. It loses it by converting in thermal energy. The temperature will increase in both substances but more likely in the substance that the energy is transfer to.
The energy an object has because of its position is called _____
Answer:
Gravitational potential energy
Explanation:
The gravitational potential energy is the energy that an object has because of its positive with respect to a certain reference level (generally assumed to be the ground level).
The magnitude of the gravitational potential energy is given by
[tex]U=mgh[/tex]
where
m is the mass of the object
g is the strenght of the gravitational field
h is the height of the object with respect to the reference level
From the formula, we see that the higher the object is, the larger its gravitational potential energy is.
Scientist who developed the planetary model of the atom
Ernest Rutherford was the first scientist to develop the planetary model of the atom.
Answer:
Niels Bohr
Explanation:
The Bohr Model is a planetary model where the electrons orbit the nucleus, similar to the planets orbiting the sun.
A freight train rolls along a track with considerable momentum. If it were to roll at the same speed but had twice as much mass, it's momentum would be
Answer:
The momentum would be doubled
Explanation:
The magnitude of the momentum of the freight train is given by:
[tex]p=mv[/tex]
where
m is the mass of the train
v is its speed
In this problem, we have that the speed of the train is unchanged, while the mass of the train is doubled:
[tex]m'=2m[/tex]
therefore, the new momentum is
[tex]p'=m'v=(2m)v=2(mv)=2p[/tex]
so, the momentum has also doubled.
If a freight train rolls at the same speed but has twice as much mass its momentum would be doubled as momentum is the product of mass and velocity.
Explanation:The question asks what would happen to the momentum of a freight train if it rolls at the same speed but has twice its current mass. Momentum is a concept in physics, and it is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity. Therefore the momentum of the train would be directly proportional to its mass. If the mass of the train is doubled while the speed remains constant the momentum of the train would also be doubled.
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Theory that many different realities are happening at once True or false
Well, there is string theory, which proposes many ideas, one of them pertaining to the idea that there’s multiple universes. Though they’re still trying to figure out whether it’s true, which is difficult.
That's a hypothesis. So far, it hasn't been possible to test it, so it hasn't become a theory yet.
A coil lies flat on a level tabletop in a region where the magnetic field vector points straight up. The magnetic field suddenly grows stronger. When viewed from above, what is the direction of the induced current in this coil as the field increases?a. Counterclockwiseb. Clockwise initially, then counterclockwise before stoppingc. Clockwised. There is no induced current in this coil
ghnjghfjghfdagdfsagdfsbvgdfshgfhgfhgfhgfhdgfh tyityukivmjbvnmvbcn
Batteries are rated in terms of ampere-hours (A·h). For example, a battery that can produce a current of 2.00 A for 3.00 h is rated at 6.00 A·h.
(a) What is the total energy stored in a 9.0 V battery rated at 47.0 A·h?
(b) At $0.0660 per kilowatt-hour, what is the value of the electricity produced by this battery? NOTE: Enter your response with hundredths precision.
(a) 423 J
The power of the battery is the ratio between the total energy stored (E) and the time elapsed (t):
[tex]P=\frac{E}{t}[/tex]
However, the power is also the product of the voltage (V) and the current (I):
[tex]P=VI[/tex]
Linking the two equations together,
[tex]\frac{E}{t}=VI\\E=VIt[/tex]
Since we know:
V = 9.0 V
[tex]I \cdot t = 47.0 A\cdot h[/tex]
We can calculate the total energy:
[tex]E=(9.0 V)(47 A \cdot h)=423 J[/tex]
(b) [tex]7.79\cdot 10^{-6}[/tex] dollars
The battery has a total energy of E = 423 J. (2)
1 Watt (W) is equal to 1 Joule (J) per second (s):
[tex]1 W = \frac{1 J}{1 s}[/tex]
so 1 kW corresponds to 1000 J/s:
[tex]1 kW = \frac{1000 J}{1 s}[/tex]
Multiplying both side by 1 hour (1 h):
[tex]1 kW \cdot h = \frac{1000 J}{1 s} 1 h[/tex]
and [tex]1 h = 3600 s[/tex], so
[tex]1 kWh = \frac{1000 J}{1 s}\cdot 3600 s =3.6\cdot 10^6 J[/tex]
So we find the conversion between kWh and Joules. So now we can convert the energy from Joules (2) into kWh:
[tex]1 kWh = 3.6\cdot 10^6 J = x : 423 J\\x=\frac{1 kWh \cdot 423 J}{3.6\cdot 10^6 J}=1.18\cdot 10^{-4}kWh[/tex]
And since the cost is $0.0660 per kilowatt-hour, the total cost will be
[tex]C=$0.0660\cdot 1.18\cdot 10^{-4} kWh=7.79\cdot 10^{-6}[/tex] dollars
The total energy stored in a 9.0 V battery rated at 47.0 A·h is 423.0 Wh. The value of the electricity produced by this battery at $0.0660 per kWh is approximately $0.03.
The total energy stored in a 9.0 V battery rated at 47.0 A·h can be calculated by multiplying the voltage by the charge capacity. The energy (E) in watt-hours (Wh) can be found using E = V * Q, where Q is the charge in ampere-hours (A·h) and V is the voltage in volts (V).
For the provided battery:
Voltage (V) = 9.0 V
Charge Capacity (Q) = 47.0 A·h
Energy (E) = V * Q = 9.0 V * 47.0 A·h = 423.0 Wh
For part (b), we convert the watt-hours into kilowatt-hours by dividing by 1000:
Energy in kilowatt-hours (kWh) = 423.0 Wh / 1000 = 0.423 kWh
The value of the electricity produced by this battery, at $0.0660 per kWh, can be calculated by multiplying the energy in kWh by the cost per kWh:
Value of electricity = Energy in kWh * Cost per kWh
Value of electricity = 0.423 kWh * $0.0660 = $0.027918, which rounds to $0.03 when rounded up to the nearest cent.
A leaky 10-kg bucket is lifted from the ground to a height of 16 m at a constant speed with a rope that weighs 0.7 kg/m. initially the bucket contains 48 kg of water, but the water leaks at a constant rate and finishes draining just as the bucket reaches the 16-m level. find the work done. (use 9.8 m/s2 for g.) show how to approximate the required work by a riemann sum. (let x be the height in meters above the ground. enter xi* as xi.)
[tex]\displaystyle W =\lim_{n\to\infty}{\sum_{i=0}^{n}{(678.16 - 36.26\;x_i)\cdot\dfrac{16}{n}}}[/tex].
ExplanationThe mass comes in three parts:
the mass of the rope,the mass of the water in the leaky bucket, andthe mass of the bucket.Both the mass of the rope [tex]m_\text{rope}[/tex] and the mass of the water in the bucket [tex]m_\text{water}[/tex] varies with the height [tex]x[/tex] of the bucket. Express the two masses as a function of [tex]x[/tex]:
[tex]m_\text{rope} = 0.7\;(16 - x)[/tex],The water in the bucket behaves like yet another rope of density [tex]48 \;\text{kg}/ 16 \;\text{m}= 3.0\;\text{kg}\cdot\text{m}^{-1}[/tex]. The mass of the water left in the bucket at height [tex]x[/tex] will be
[tex]m_\text{water} = 3.0\;(16 - x)[/tex].The mass of the bucket is [tex]10\;\text{kg}[/tex]. Combining the three:
[tex]m(x) = m_\text{rope}(x) + m_\text{water}(x) + m_\text{bucket} \\\phantom{m(x)} = 0.7\;(16-x) + 3.0\;(16 - x) + 10\\\phantom{m(x)} = 69.2 - 3.7\;x[/tex].Weight of the bucket at height [tex]x[/tex]:
[tex]F_\text{weight}(x) = m(x)\cdot g = 9.8\;(69.2 - 3.7\;x) = 678.16 - 36.26\;x[/tex].The bucket moves upward at a constant speed. As a result,
[tex]F(x) = W(x) = 678.16 - 36.26\;x[/tex].Express the work required as a definite integral:
[tex]\displaystyle W = \int_{0}^{16}{F(x) \cdot dx} = \int_{0}^{16}{(678.16 - 36.26\;x)\cdot dx}[/tex].Rewrite the definite integral as a Riemann Sum:
[tex]\displaystyle W = \int_{0}^{16}{(678.16 - 36.26\;x)\cdot dx} \\\phantom{W}= \lim_{n\to\infty}{\sum_{i=0}^{n}{(678.16 - 36.26\;x_i)\cdot\frac{16-0}{n}}}\\\phantom{W} = \lim_{n\to\infty}{\sum_{i=0}^{n}{(678.16 - 36.26\;x_i)\cdot\frac{16}{n}}}[/tex].The work done lifting a bucket of water draining at a constant rate can be calculated using the physics Work formula and approximating the varying force with a Riemann sum. The total work is the sum of the work done across several small intervals, calculated by multiplying the force required to lift the remaining water plus the bucket and the rope by the small altitude.
Explanation:The work done in lifting an object can be calculated using the formula Work = Force x Distance = (mass x gravity) x height. However, this situation is a bit more complex since the mass of both the bucket and the water it contains decrease continuously as the bucket is lifted.
We will approximate this varying force using a Riemann sum. We can imagine breaking up the 16 m into n small intervals. For each interval i from 0 to n-1, we calculate the force required to lift the remaining water plus the bucket and rope to a height xi*, and then multiply this by the small change in height Δx. This gives us the small amount of work done ΔW_i = (m(xi*)g)Δx, where m(xi*) is the mass of the system at height xi*.
The total work then is approximately the sum of all these small amounts of work, W ≈ Σ ΔW_i for i from 0 to n-1. The more intervals we use (the bigger n is), the better this approximation will be.
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If the pressure acting on a given sample of an ideal gas at constant temperature is tripled, what happens to the volume of the gas? a)The volume is reduced to one-third of its original value. b)The volume is reduced to one-ninth of its original value. c) The volume remains constant. d)The volume is increased by a factor of three times its original value. e) The volume is increased by a factor of nine times its original value.
Answer:
a)The volume is reduced to one-third of its original value.
Explanation:
For a gas at constant temperature, we can apply Boyle's law, which states that the product between pressure and volume is constant:
[tex]pV=const.[/tex]
where p is the pressure and V the volume.
In our case, this law can also be rewritten as
[tex]p_1 V_1 = p_2 V_2[/tex]
where the labels 1 and 2 refer to the initial and final conditions of the gas.
For the gas in the problem, the pressure of the gas is tripled, so
[tex]p_2 = 3p_1[/tex]
And re-arranging the equation we find what happens to the volume:
[tex]V_2 = \frac{p_1 V_1}{p_2}=\frac{p_1 V_1}{3p_1}=\frac{V_1}{3}[/tex]
so, the volume is reduced to 1/3 of its original value.
What do high pressure systems usually cause A: CLEAR, DRY WEATHER B: CLOUDY, WET WEATHER C: COLD, WET WEATHER D: HOT AND HUMID WEATHER
C. Clear, dry weather. A good way to remember is H for high pressure = H for happy weather; L for low pressure = L for lousy weather (Glad I had someone to tell me this)
Use the flow rate equation to help explain how the motion of a whitewater raft changes as the river channel becomes narrower.
as the flow becomes narrower, more pressure is exerted because the pressure is greater
Final answer:
As the river channel narrows, the water velocity increases due to the same volume of water needing to pass through a smaller area, speeding up the motion of a whitewater raft. This effect is similar to narrowing the opening of a hose to increase water speed.
Explanation:
The flow rate equation helps explain how the motion of a whitewater raft changes as the river channel becomes narrower by considering the flow velocity, which is influenced by the hydraulic radius, channel slope, and channel roughness. In simpler terms, the flow rate (Q) is the volume of water that moves past a point in a given time and is calculated by Q = wdv, where w is the width of the channel, d is the depth of the channel, and v is the velocity of the water.
When the river channel narrows, the same volume of water (discharge) must pass through a smaller cross-sectional area. Consequently, the velocity of the water increases, which can be thought of like putting a thumb over the end of a hose to speed up the water. This increase in velocity will cause the whitewater raft to move faster downstream when the channel is narrower.
Moreover, factors such as rain or snow melt can lead to an increase in discharge, which would further contribute to an increase in the velocity of the water in the narrowed parts of the river. On the contrary, as the channel widens downstream, the current generally slows, which may result in increased sedimentation and a slower moving whitewater raft.
Two wires are stretched between two fixed supports and have the same length. One wire A there is a second-harmonic standing wave whose frequency is 660 Hz. However, the same frequency of 660 Hz is the third harmonic on wire B. (a) Is the fundamental frequency of wire A greater than, less than, or equal to the fundamental frequency of wire B? Explain. (b) How is the fundamental frequency related to the length L of the wire and the speed v at which individual waves travel back and forth on the wire? (c) Do the individual waves travel on wire A with a greater, smaller, or the same speed as on wire B? Give your reasoning.
(a) Greater
The frequency of the nth-harmonic on a string is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency, [tex]f_1[/tex]:
[tex]f_n = n f_1[/tex]
So we have:
- On wire A, the second-harmonic has frequency of [tex]f_2 = 660 Hz[/tex], so the fundamental frequency is:
[tex]f_1 = \frac{f_2}{2}=\frac{660 Hz}{2}=330 Hz[/tex]
- On wire B, the third-harmonic has frequency of [tex]f_3 = 660 Hz[/tex], so the fundamental frequency is
[tex]f_1 = \frac{f_3}{3}=\frac{660 Hz}{3}=220 Hz[/tex]
So, the fundamental frequency of wire A is greater than the fundamental frequency of wire B.
(b) [tex]f_1 = \frac{v}{2L}[/tex]
For standing waves on a string, the fundamental frequency is given by the formula:
[tex]f_1 = \frac{v}{2L}[/tex]
where
v is the speed at which the waves travel back and forth on the wire
L is the length of the string
(c) Greater speed on wire A
We can solve the formula of the fundamental frequency for v, the speed of the wave:
[tex]v=2Lf_1[/tex]
We know that the two wires have same length L. For wire A, [tex]f_1 = 330 Hz[/tex], while for wave B, [tex]f_B = 220 Hz[/tex], so we can write the ratio between the speeds of the waves in the two wires:
[tex]\frac{v_A}{v_B}=\frac{2L(330 Hz)}{2L(220 Hz)}=\frac{3}{2}[/tex]
So, the waves travel faster on wire A.
The type of lens that spreads out parallel light is a
the answer is concave lens
The type of lens that spreads out parallel light is a concave lens. Concave lenses are thicker at the edges than they are in the middle.
How does concave lens work?This causes the light rays to bend outwards, or diverge, as they pass through the lens. Convex lenses, on the other hand, are thicker in the middle than they are at the edges. This causes the light rays to bend inwards, or converge, as they pass through the lens. Convex lenses are used to magnify objects, while concave lenses are used to spread out light.
The parallel light rays are shown as blue lines. As they pass through the lens, they bend outwards and are spread out. The image of the object is shown as a red line. Concave lenses are used in a variety of applications, including microscopes, telescopes, and magnifying glasses. They are also used in some eyeglasses to correct nearsightedness.
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The wavelength of red helium-neon laser light in air is 632.8 nm.(a) What is its frequency?(b) What is its wavelength in glass that has an index of refractionof 1.48?(c) What is its speed in the glass?
(a) [tex]4.74 \cdot 10^{14}Hz[/tex]
The frequency of a wave is given by:
[tex]f=\frac{v}{\lambda}[/tex]
where
v is the wave's speed
[tex]\lambda[/tex] is the wavelength
For the red laser light in this problem, we have
[tex]v=c=3\cdot 10^8 m/s[/tex] (speed of light)
[tex]\lambda=632.8 nm=632.8\cdot 10^{-9} m[/tex]
Substituting,
[tex]f=\frac{3\cdot 10^8 m/s}{632.8 \cdot 10^{-9} m}=4.74 \cdot 10^{14}Hz[/tex]
(b) 427.6 nm
The wavelength of the wave in the glass is given by
[tex]\lambda=\frac{\lambda_0}{n}[/tex]
where
[tex]\lambda_0 = 632.8\cdot 10^{-9} m[/tex] is the original wavelength of the wave in air
n = 1.48 is the refractive index of glass
Substituting into the formula,
[tex]\lambda=\frac{632.8\cdot 10^{-9}m}{1.48}=427.6\cdot 10^{-9}m=427.6 nm[/tex]
(c) [tex]2.02\cdot 10^8 m/s[/tex]
The speed of the wave in the glass is given by
[tex]v=\frac{c}{n}[/tex]
where
[tex]c = 3\cdot 10^8 m/s[/tex] is the original speed of the wave in air
n = 1.48 is the refractive index of glass
Substituting into the formula,
[tex]v=\frac{3\cdot 10^8 m/s}{1.48}=2.02\cdot 10^8 m/s[/tex]
The frequency of a red helium-neon laser light in air is approximately 4.74 x 10¹⁴ Hz. Its wavelength in a glass medium with refractive index 1.48 is about 427.6 nm, and it travels through the glass at an estimated speed of 2.03 x 10⁸ m/s.
Explanation:(a) The frequency of the light can be calculated using the formula for the speed of light: c = λf, where c is the speed of light (3 x 10⁸ m/s), λ is the wavelength, and f is the frequency. We rearrange the formula to solve for f: f = c/λ. Given the wavelength of 632.8 nm, we first convert it to meters (632.8 x 10⁻⁹ m). So, the frequency f = (3 x 10⁸ m/s) / (632.8 x 10⁻⁹ m), or approximately 4.74 x 10¹⁴ Hz.
(b) The wavelength within a medium is given by λ/n, where n is the index of refraction. So in glass with an index of refraction 1.48, the new wavelength would be (632.8 nm) / 1.48 = approx. 427.6 nm.
(c) The speed of light in a medium is its speed in vacuum divided by the refractive index, i.e., v = c/n. So, in glass, the speed would be (3 x 10⁸ m/s) / 1.48 = approximately 2.03 x 10⁸ m/s.
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The velocity of a projectile at launch has a horizontal component vh and a vertical component vv. When the projectile is at the highest point of its trajectory, identify the vertical and the horizontal components of its velocity and the vertical component of its acceleration. Consider air resistance to be negligible
Answer:
- horizontal component of the velocity: [tex]v_h[/tex] (because it is constant)
- vertical component of the velocity: 0
- vertical component of the acceleration: [tex]-g=-9.8 m/s^2[/tex] (downward)
Explanation:
The motion of a projectile consists of two independent motions:
- Along the horizontal direction, there are no forces acting on the projectile (if we neglect air resistance), therefore the horizontal acceleration is zero and the horizontal component of the velocity, vh, is constant
- Along the vertical direction, there is only one force acting on the projectile: the force of gravity, downward, which produces a constant downward acceleration of [tex]g=9.8 m/s^2[/tex]. As a consequence, the vertical component of the velocity changes according to
[tex]v_v(t) = v_v-gt[/tex]
where vv is the initial vertical velocity and t the time. According to this equation, the vertical component of the velocity decreases first, then becomes zero at the point of maximum height, then becomes negative (= changes direction and points downward)
So, in summary, at the highest point of the trajectory we have:
- horizontal component of the velocity: [tex]v_h[/tex] (because it is constant)
- vertical component of the velocity: 0
- vertical component of the acceleration: [tex]-g=-9.8 m/s^2[/tex] (downward)
At the highest point, the final vertical velocity is zero, and the final horizontal velocity is equal to the initial horizontal velocity.
The acceleration due to gravity acting on the object is always directed downwards.
In a projectile motion, the velocity of projected upwards decreases as the object moves upwards and eventually become zero at the maximum height.
The velocity of an object projected upwards is given as;
[tex]v_y = v_0 -gt[/tex]
At the highest point, the final vertical velocity is given as;
[tex]v_y_f= 0[/tex]
The horizontal velocity is always constant because it is not affected by gravity.
At the highest point, the final horizontal velocity is given as;
[tex]v_x_f = v_x_0[/tex]
The acceleration due to gravity acting on the object is always directed downwards.
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A mass on the end of a spring undergoes simple harmonic motion. At the instant when the mass is at its equilibrium position, what is its instantaneous velocity? 1.Instantaneous velocity cannot be determined without additional information2.At equilibrium, its instantaneous velocity is less than its maximum but not zero.3.At equilibrium, its instantaneous velocity is at maximum4.At equilibrium, its instantaneous velocity is zero.
Answer:
3.At equilibrium, its instantaneous velocity is at maximum
Explanation:
The motion of a mass on the end of a spring is a simple harmonic motion. In a simple harmonic motion, the total mechanical energy of the system is constant, and it is sum of the elastic potential energy (U) and the kinetic energy of the mass (K):
[tex]E=U+K=\frac{1}{2}kx^2+\frac{1}{2}mv^2 = const.[/tex]
where
k is the spring constant
x is the displacement of the spring from equilibrium
m is the mass
v is the speed
As we see from the formula, since the total energy E is constant, when the displacement (x) increases, the speed (v) increases, and viceversa. Therefore, when the mass is at its equilibrium position (which corresponds to x=0), the velocity of the mass will be maximum.
At the equilibrium position in simple harmonic motion, the instantaneous velocity of the mass is at its maximum. This is because all the potential energy of the spring is converted into kinetic energy of the mass at this point.
Explanation:In a simple harmonic motion such as a mass on the end of a spring, the equilibrium position is the point where the spring is neither stretched nor compressed. This equilibrium is often denoted as x = 0. When the mass passes through this point, its velocity is at maximum, because at this instance, the entire potential energy of the spring is converted into kinetic energy of the mass. So, the correct statement among the provided options is, 'At equilibrium, its instantaneous velocity is at maximum'. The instantaneous velocity varies according to the displacement of the mass from the equilibrium during its oscillation.
In other words, when the displacement is at its extremes (maximum or minimum), the velocity becomes zero as the mass momentarily pauses before changing its direction of motion. On the other hand, when the displacement is zero at the equilibrium, the velocity is at its maximum.
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The reason an astronaut in an earth satellite feels weightless is that
Answer:
Gravity is the reason why you feel this way
Explanation:
Find the TRUE statement. Use the underlined word to determine whether the statement is true or false. Question 3 options: Electromagnetic waves are mechanical because they require a medium to travel. Electromagnetic waves are transverse because they have electric and magnetic fields that move perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer. The speed of an electromagnetic wave depends on the frequency of the wave. Gamma rays are faster than radio waves. As the frequency of an EM wave increases, so does the wavelength. They are directly related.
(sorry if I'm wrong) :(
Final answer:
The accurate statement is that electromagnetic waves are transverse because their electric and magnetic fields move perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer. Other claims are false since electromagnetic waves do not need a medium to travel, and gamma rays are not faster than radio waves; all electromagnetic waves move at light speed, and frequency and wavelength are inversely related.
Explanation:
The true statement among the options given is that electromagnetic waves are transverse because they have electric and magnetic fields that move perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.
Electromagnetic waves are not mechanical because they do not require a medium to travel through; they can move through the vacuum of space. The speed of an electromagnetic wave is constant at the speed of light (approximately 3.0 × 108 m/s), regardless of its frequency. Moreover, gamma rays are not faster than radio waves because all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed. And as the frequency of an electromagnetic wave increases, the wavelength decreases; they are inversely related, not directly related.
1. A pinball bangs against a bumper, giving the ball a speed of 42 cm/s. If the ball has a mass of 50.0 g, what is the ball’s kinetic energy in joules?
Answer:
0.0044 J
Explanation:
The kinetic energy of an object is given by:
[tex]K=\frac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]
where
m is the mass of the object
v is the speed
For the ball in this problem,
m = 50.0 g = 0.050 kg
v = 42 cm/s = 0.42 m/s
Therefore, the kinetic energy is
[tex]K=\frac{1}{2}(0.050 kg)(0.42 m/s)^2=0.0044 J[/tex]
The kinetic energy of the pinball, using the formula K.E. = 0.5×m×v² and converting the mass to kg and the speed to m/s, is calculated to be approximately 0.00441 Joules.
Explanation:To calculate the kinetic energy of the pinball, we will use the formula:
Kinetic Energy (K.E.) = 0.5 ×m×v2
where m is the mass and v is the speed of the ball.
First, convert the given values into SI units: the speed from cm/s to m/s and the mass from g to kg. So, the speed 42 cm/s is 0.42 m/s and the mass 50 g is 0.05 kg.
Now, Substitute these values into the Kinetic Energy equation:
K.E. = 0.5 ×0.05kg×(0.42m/s)2
This gives K.E. = 0.5 ×0.05×0.1764 = 0.00441 Joules.
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If the voltage impressed across a circuit is held constant while the resistance is halved, what change occur?
Answer:
The current doubles
Explanation:
In a circuit, Ohm's law gives the relationship between voltage, current and resistance:
[tex]V=RI[/tex]
where
V is the voltage
R is the resistance
I is the current
In this problem,
V is held constant
R is halved: [tex]R'=\frac{R}{2}[/tex]
Therefore, the new current is
[tex]I'=\frac{V}{R'}=\frac{V}{R/2}=2\frac{V}{R}=2I[/tex]
So, the current doubles.
An electron is released from the negatively-charged plate of a parallel plate capacitor, initially at rest, and it is accelerated across the gap to hit the positively-charged plate. If the capacitor was powered by a 12 V battery, the capacitor was fully charged, what was the kinetic energy of the electron when it hit the positively-charged plate? a) 144 eV b) 14 eV c) 12 ev d) 120 ev e) 360 eV
Answer:
c) 12 eV
Explanation:
The electron crosses a potential difference of 12 V in total, This means that its initial electric potential energy as it leaves the negative plate is equal to
[tex]E=q\Delta V=e (12 V) = 12 eV[/tex]
due to the law of conservation of energy, when the electron moves towards the positive plate this electric energy is all converted into kinetic energy of the electron (in fact, the speed of the electron increases).
When the electron reaches the positive plate, all the electric potential energy has been converted into kinetic energy, which is therefore exactly 12 eV.
The kinetic energy of the electron when it hits the positively-charged plate of a capacitor, having been accelerated across a 12 V potential difference, will be 12 eV. This is determined by the formula KE = eV, where e is the electron charge and V is the potential difference.
The question asks about the kinetic energy of an electron when it hits the positively-charged plate of a capacitor after being accelerated from the negatively-charged plate by a 12 V potential difference. The concept here revolves around the relationship between electric potential difference and kinetic energy. When an electron is accelerated through a potential difference, it gains kinetic energy equal to the charge of the electron multiplied by the potential difference, with the unit of energy being electron volts (eV).
Since an electron has a charge of approximately 1e (or one elementary charge), the kinetic energy gained by an electron when accelerated by a potential difference of 1 V is 1 eV. Therefore, if an electron is accelerated by a 12 V potential difference, it will gain a kinetic energy of 12 eV. This is a straightforward application of the formula KE = eV, where e represents the charge of the electron and V the potential difference.
So, the correct answer to the student's question is (c) 12 eV. The electron, upon hitting the positively-charged plate, will have 12 eV of kinetic energy due to the 12 V potential difference it was accelerated across.
What is the speed of the animal from 0-20s?
50 m/s
0.4 m/s
20 m/s
2.5 m/s
Answer:
2.5 m/s
Explanation:
The speed of the animal is given by the ratio between the distance travelled by the animal and the time elapsed:
[tex]v=\frac{d}{t}[/tex]
where d is the distance travelled and t the time elapsed. Note that this quantity is also equal to the slope of the curve.
In the time interval 0-20 s, we have
d = 50 m - 0 m = 50 m
t = 20 s - 0 s = 20 s
So, the speed is
[tex]v=\frac{50 m}{20 s}=2.5 m/s[/tex]
In February 1955, a paratrooper fell 370 m from an airplane without being able to open his chute but happened to land in snow, suffering only minor injuries. Assume that his speed at impact was 55 m/s (terminal speed), that his mass (including gear) was 68 kg, and that the magnitude of the force on him from the snow was at the survivable limit of 1.1 × 105 N. What are (a) the minimum depth of snow that would have stopped him safely and (b) the magnitude of the impulse on him from the snow?
a) 0.94 m
The work done by the snow to decelerate the paratrooper is equal to the change in kinetic energy of the man:
[tex]W=\Delta K\\-F d = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 - \frac{1}{2}mu^2[/tex]
where:
[tex]F=1.1 \cdot 10^5 N[/tex] is the force applied by the snow
d is the displacement of the man in the snow, so it is the depth of the snow that stopped him
m = 68 kg is the man's mass
v = 0 is the final speed of the man
u = 55 m/s is the initial speed of the man (when it touches the ground)
and where the negative sign in the work is due to the fact that the force exerted by the snow on the man (upward) is opposite to the displacement of the man (downward)
Solving the equation for d, we find:
[tex]d=\frac{1}{2F}mu^2 = \frac{(68 kg)(55 m/s)^2}{2(1.1\cdot 10^5 N)}=0.94 m[/tex]
b) -3740 kg m/s
The magnitude of the impulse exerted by the snow on the man is equal to the variation of momentum of the man:
[tex]I=\Delta p = m \Delta v[/tex]
where
m = 68 kg is the mass of the man
[tex]\Delta v = 0-55 m/s = -55 m/s[/tex] is the change in velocity of the man
Substituting,
[tex]I=(68 kg)(-55 m/s)=-3740 kg m/s[/tex]
(a) The minimum depth of the snow is 0.935 m.
(b) The magnitude of the impulse on him from the snow is -3,740 Ns.
How to calculate the minimum depth of the snow?(a) The minimum depth of the snow is calculated by applying the following formula as follows;
Apply the principle of conservation of energy;
Fd = ¹/₂mu²
d = mu²/2F
where;
m is the massF is the applied forceu is the initial velocityd = (68 x 55² ) / ( 2 x 1.1 x 10⁵)
d = 0.935 m
(b) The magnitude of the impulse on him from the snow is calculated as follows;
J = mΔv
where;
Δv is change in speedJ = m(v - u)
J = 68 (0 - 55)
J = -3,740 Ns
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