A sample of carbon dioxide(CO2) has a mass of 52.0g. What is the mass in grams of one molecule of CO2? SHOW WORK AND EXPLAIN

By following the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation for combustion of acetylene, it is calculated that 113 g of acetylene will produce 78.20 g of water, and 14.32 g of acetylene are required to produce 1.10 mol of CO₂.

Combustion of Acetylene

The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of acetylene (C2H2) is:

2C₂H₂(g) + 5O₂(g)⇒ 4CO₂(g) + 2H₂O(g)

Part A: Grams of Water Formed

Step 1: Calculate the moles of C2H2 using its molar mass (26.04 g/mol).

Moles ofC₂H₂ = 113 g / 26.04 g/mol = 4.34 mol

Step 2: From the balanced equation, 1 mol of C2H2 produces 1 mol of H2O. Therefore, 4.34 mol of C2H2 will produce 4.34 mol of H2O.

Step 3: Convert moles of H2O to grams using its molar mass (18.02 g/mol).

Grams of H2O = 4.34 mol x 18.02 g/mol = 78.20 g

113 g ofC₂H₂ will produce 78.20 g of water.

Part B: Grams of Acetylene Reacted

Step 1: From the balanced equation, 2 mol of C₂H₂ produce 4 mol of CO₂. So, 1 mol ofCO₂ is produced by 0.5 mol of  C₂H₂.

Step 2: Calculate the moles of C₂H₂ needed to produce 1.10 mol ofCO₂.

Moles of C₂H₂ = 1.10 molCO₂ x 0.5 mol  C₂H₂/mol CO₂ = 0.55 mol C₂H₂

Step 3: Convert moles of C₂H₂  to grams using its molar mass (26.04 g/mol).

Grams of C₂H₂ = 0.55 mol x 26.04 g/mol = 14.32 g

14.32 g of C₂H₂ react to produce 1.10 mol of CO₂.

If matter is uniform throughout, cannot be separated into other substances by physical processes, but can be decomposed into other substances by chemical processes, it is compound. Thus option D is correct.

Anything that takes space and mass called as Matter. It may be atom or any other element made up of space and mass only.

Atoms bond together form molecule, compound and matter such as solid, liquid and gas.

we cannot break atom as it is the smallest unit of a matter. Atom is made up of Electrons, protons, and neutrons and size is around 100 picometers.

A compound is a complex of molecule which are made up of number of atoms by forming a bond called chemical bonds.

Depending on the the bond pattern of atoms, compounds have different bonds such as covalent bond, ionic bond, metallic bonds, coordinate covalent bonds.

Thus option D is correct.

Learn more about compound, here:

https://brainly.com/question/18742537

#SPJ2

Answer:

1. By Pressure factor: if we double the pressure volume become half of its original

2. 2.14 L

3. 2.15 L

Explanation:

part 1

Data Given:

volume of container change

temperature of remain constant

The pressure doubles

Solution:

This problem can be explained by Boyle's Law that at constant temperature pressure and volume has an inverse relation with each other.

So the volume change due to change in Pressure.

            P1V1 = P2V2

if we consider conditions at STP, as follows

initial volume V1 = 22.42 L

and

initial pressure P1 = 1 atm

if the pressure doubles then

final pressure P2 = 2 atm

Put values in Boyle's law equation

     (1 atm) (22.42L) = (2 atm) (V2)

Rearrange the above equation to find V2

           V2 =    (1 atm) (22.42L) / 2 atm

            V2 = 11.12 L

So it is clear from calculation if we double the pressure volume become half of its original. So its the pressure due to volume become effected and decrease by its increase.

_____________

Part 2

Data Given:

Initial temperature T1= 250 K

final Temperature T2= 350 K

initial volume V1 =  ?

final volume V2 = 3.0 L

Solution:

This problem will be solved by Charles' Law equation at constant pressure

      V1 / T1 = V2 / T2 . . . . . . . . (1)

put values in above equation

      V1 / 250 K = 3.0 L / 350 K

Rearrange the above equation to calculate V1

       V1  = (3.0 L / 350 K) x 250 K

       V1  = (0.0086 L . K) x 250 K

       V1  = 2.14 L

So the initial volume = 2.14 L

_________________

part 3

Data Given:

Initial temperature T1= 20 ºC

Convert Temperature from ºC to Kelvin

T = ºC + 273

T = 20 + 273 = 293 K

final Temperature T2= -5.00 ºC

Convert Temperature from ºC to Kelvin

T = ºC + 273

T = - 5.00 + 273 = 268 K

initial volume V1 =  2.35 L

final volume V2 = ?

Solution:

This problem will be solved by Charles' Law equation at constant pressure

      V1 / T1 = V2 / T2 . . . . . . . . (1)

put values in above equation

      2.35 L / 293 K = V2 / 268 K

Rearrange the above equation to calculate V1

       V2  = (2.35 L / 293 K) x 268 K

       V2  = (0.008 L . K) x 268 K

       V2  = 2.15 L

So the volume at -5.00ºC = 2.15 L

Answer:

a

Explanation:

Answer:

The amount of Cl2 gas left , after the reaction goes to completion is : 139.655 grams

Explanation:

Molar mass : It is the mass in grams present in one mole of the substance.

Moles of the substance is calculated by:

[tex]Moles=\frac{Mass}{Molar\ mass}[/tex]

[tex]2Al(s)+3Cl_{2}(g)\leftarrow 2AlCl_{3}(g)[/tex]

According  to this equation:

2 mole of Al = 3 mole of Cl2 = 2 mole of AlCl3

Molar mass of Al = 27.0 g/mol

Mass of Al = 20.1 gram

Moles of Al present in the reaction :

[tex]Moles=\frac{Mass}{Molar\ mass}[/tex]

[tex]Moles=\frac{20.1}{26.98}[/tex]

Moles of Al = 0.744

Similarly calculate the moles of Cl2

Molar mass of Cl2 = 71.0 g/mol

Mass = 219 gram

[tex]Moles=\frac{Mass}{Molar\ mass}[/tex]

[tex]Moles=\frac{219}{70.98}[/tex]

Moles of Cl2 = 3.08 moles

According to equation,

2 mole of Al reacts with = 3 mole of Cl2

1 moles of Al reacts with = 3/2  mole of Cl2

0.744 moles of Al reacts with = 3/2(0.744) moles of Cl2

= 1.116 moles of Cl2

But actually present Cl2 = 3.08 moles

Hence Al is the limiting reagent , and Cl2 is the excess reagent.

The whole Aluminium Al get consumed during the reaction.

The amount of Cl2 in excess = Total Cl2 - Cl2 consumed

Cl2 in excess = 3.08 - 1.116 = 1.964 moles

Cl2 in grams = 1.964 x 70.90 = 139.655 grams

Answer:

C.) perpendicular

Explanation:

A particle with an electric charge experiences the maximum deflecting force when it is positioned perpendicular to the magnetic field.

Strontium is the element in the provided list that has chemical properties similar to magnesium because they both are alkaline earth metals with two valence electrons.

The element in the given list with chemical properties similar to magnesium is strontium. This is because magnesium and strontium both belong to the same group in the periodic table, which is the group of alkaline earth metals.

Elements in the same group share similar chemical properties due to their similar valence electron configurations. Magnesium and strontium, like other alkaline earth metals, have two valence electrons. These two electrons play a crucial role in the chemical reactivity of the elements, including how they bond with other elements.

It's important to note that, despite being in the same group, the reactivity and specific properties vary among the alkaline earth metals. However, the underlying chemical behavior that stems from their valence electron configuration leads to similarities. For example, both magnesium and strontium readily react with water, though strontium's reactivity is somewhat higher.

Final answer:

Strontium is the element with chemical properties similar to magnesium because they both are alkaline earth metals with two valence electrons, belong to the same group in the periodic table, and show similar reactivity patterns.

Explanation:

The element in this list with chemical properties similar to magnesium is strontium (b). This is because the elements that are similar to magnesium would also be in the same group as magnesium in the periodic table. Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal found in Group 2 of the periodic table, which includes beryllium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium, all known as alkaline earth metals. These elements have two valence electrons and exhibit similar chemical behaviors.

In summary, both magnesium (Mg) and strontium (Sr) are shiny and are good conductors of heat and electricity. Most importantly, the two elements share a common valence electron configuration, which causes them to display similar chemical reactivity patterns, such as forming compounds with a 2+ charge and reacting similarly with other substances.

Answer:

c

Explanation:

1 calorie = 4.184J/g×°C

This also happens to be the specific heat capacity of water, which is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1mL of water by 1°C

The energy required to change the temperature of 1g of water by 1°C is 1 calorie. This concept is called specific heat.

The energy needed to raise or lower the temperature of 1 g of liquid water by 1°C is referred to as the specific heat of water. The specific heat capacity of water is 1 calorie/gram °C. This means that 1 calorie of heat energy is needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1°C. Therefore, the answer is c. is 1 calorie.

https://brainly.com/question/31608647

#SPJ2

Answer:

Kₐ = 6.7 x 10⁻⁴

Explanation:

First lets write the equilibrium expression, Ka , for the dissociation of hydrofluoric acid:

HF + H₂O     ⇄   H₃O⁺ +   F⁻

Kₐ = [ H₃O⁺ ] [ F⁻ ] /[ [ HF ]

Since we are given the pH we can calculate the  [ H₃O⁺ ]  ( pH = - log [ H₃O⁺ ] , and because the acid dissociates into a 1: 1  relation , we will also have [F⁻ ]. The  [ HF ] is given in the question so we have all the information that is needed to  compute Kₐ.

pH = -log [ H₃O⁺ ]

1.68 = - log [ H₃O⁺ ]

Taking antilog to both sides of this equation:

10^-1.68 = [ H₃O⁺ ] ⇒ 2.1 X 10⁻²  M= [ H₃O⁺ ]

[ F⁻ ] = 2.1 X 10⁻² M

Solving for Kₐ :

Kₐ = ( 2.1 X 10⁻² ) x  ( 2.1 X 10⁻² ) / 0.65 = 6.7 x 10⁻⁴  

(Rounded to two significant figures, the powers of 10 have infinite precision )

To calculate the Ka for hydrofluoric acid, use the given pH to find the hydronium ion concentration, apply the dissociation reaction, and solve for the acid dissociation constant assuming x (the degree of dissociation) is small.

To calculate the acid dissociation constant (Ka) for hydrofluoric acid we can use the formula for pH, which is pH = -log[H+], where [H+] represents the concentration of hydronium ions. Given that the pH is 1.68,

we can find the concentration of H+:

[H+] = 10-pH = 10-1.68

The acid dissociation reaction for HF is:

HF(aq) ⇌ H+(aq) + F-(aq)

Assuming the degree of dissociation is x,

we would have that [H+] = [F-] = x,

and the initial concentration of HF after dissociation would be 0.65 - x.

At equilibrium, we have:

Ka = [H+][F-]/[HF] = x2/(0.65 - x)

Because x is small compared to the initial concentration of HF (0.65 M),

we can approximate this as:

Ka ≈ x2/0.65

Now substituting the calculated [H+] for x and solving for Ka, we get the acid dissociation constant for hydrofluoric acid.

Answer:

Vb = 18 L option c)

Explanation:

First, we need to write the titration reaction between the base and the acic, which is the following:

Ba(OH)₂ + H₃PO₄ <-------> Ba₃(PO₄)₂ + H₂O

However this equation is not balanced, we need to balance the equation adding some coefficients to the agents so:

3Ba(OH)₂ + 2H₃PO₄ <-------> Ba₃(PO₄)₂ + 6H₂O

Now that the equation is balanced, as we know this is an acid base titration, we need to calculate the mole ratio between the base and acid so:

moles B / moles A = 3/2

2 moles B = 3 moles A (1)

This is taken from the balanced reaction.

Now, finally we use the relation in titration which is:

moles A = moles B

or simply MaVa = MbVb

If we replace this in the ratio of this reaction we have:

2MbVb = 3MaVa (2)

And from there, we solve for Vb which is the volume of the base:

2 * 2 * Vb = 3 * 4 * 6

4Vb = 72

Vb = 72/4

Vb = 18 L

This is the volume of the base required to titrate this acid

Answer:

16.8 g

Explanation:

We are told than burning one mol of ethanol releases 1368 kJ. Now we are trying to find how much ethanol has to be burned, in grams, to release 500 kJ

We use ratios

-1368 kJ : 1 mole

-500 kJ :      x

Then you cross multiply

-1368x = -500

       x = 0.3655 mol

mass = number of moles * molar mass

        = 0.3655 mol * 46.07 g/mol

        = 16.8 g

The mass of ethanol ([tex]C_2H_5OH_{(l)}[/tex]) that must be burned to supply 500 kJ of heat is 16.84 grams.

Given the following data:

We know that the molar mass of ethanol ([tex]C_2H_5OH_{(l)}[/tex]) is equal to 46.07 g/mol.

To calculate the mass of ethanol ([tex]C_2H_5OH_{(l)}[/tex]) that must be burned to supply 500 kJ of heat:

By stoichiometry:

1 mole of ethanol = 1368 kJ of heat

X mole of ethanol = 500 kJ

Cross-multiplying, we have:

[tex]1368 \times X = 500\\\\X = \frac{500}{1368}[/tex]

X = 0.3655 moles

Now, we can determine the mass of ethanol required:

[tex]Mass = molar \;mass \times number\;of\;moles\\\\Mass = 46.07 \times 0.3655[/tex]

Mass = 16.84 grams

Read more: https://brainly.com/question/13197037

Answer:

Hi

One of the most famous works George Orwell shows us in 1984 a society that is controlled by the Superstate, in such a way that the inhabitants cannot do or say anything without The Big Brother finding out. If anyone tries to oppose this system, it is vaporized and in less than three days society forgets that there was a person who conspired or worse, that existed.

The detentions happened at night. He woke up startled because one hand shook one shoulder, a flashlight focused on him and a circle of grim faces appeared around the bed. In most cases there was no process. People disappeared and always during the night. The name of the individual in question disappeared from all the records, any reference to what he had done was erased from everywhere and his passage through life was completely annulled as if he had never existed.

Explanation:

Answer: Option A. All of these statements are reasonable compromises if you MUST wear these items to lab, but the best and safest practice is to leave them at home and dress for lab intentionally.

Explanation: in the lab., good safety practice is best rather than assumed safety.

Answer:

The answer is A

Answer: A. PV

Explanation: In Boyles Law it is a concept on ideal gases which states the relationship between volume and absolute pressure of the gas is inversely proportional. The relationship can be expressed in PV = k where k is a proportionality constant.

Answer:

A , B and D.

Explanation:

Pressure times volume is a constant.

Answer:

29.7

Explanation:

Recall that the First Law of Thermodynamics demands that the total internal energy of an isolated system must remain constant. Any amount of energy lost by the metal must be gained by the water.  Therefore, heat given off by the metal = −heat taken in by water, or:

The equation used to calculate the quantity of heat energy exchanged in this process is:

Heat stops flowing when the two samples are at the same temperature, so same final temperature of the water will be the final temperature of the metal as well.  

Substitute in the known values for the equation above and rearrange to solve for T.

−(0.622Jg∘C)(73.0 g)(T−105.0∘C)=(4.184Jg∘C)(300. g)(T−27.0∘C)

Simplify by multiplying specific heat and mass.

−(45.406J∘C)(T−105.0∘C)=(1,255.2J∘C)(T−27.0∘C)

Then distribute the heat capacities (calculated in the previous step) to the temperature differences.

−(45.406TfJ∘C)+4,767.63J=(1,255.2TfJ∘C)−33,890J

Combine like terms.

−1,300TfJ∘C=−38,657J

T=29.72∘C

The answer should have three significant figures so round to 29.7∘C.  

=29.72∘C

The final temperature of the water in the mixture is 29.72 ⁰C.

The given parameters;

The final temperature of the water is determined by applying the principle of conservation of energy.

Heat gained by the water = Heat lost by the metal

[tex](mc\Delta t)_{H_2O}\ = (mc\Delta t)_{metal}\\\\300 \times 4.184\times (t - 27) = 73 \times 0.622\times (105 - t) \\\\1255.2 t - 33890.4 = 4,767 - 45.41t\\\\1300.61t = 38657.4\\\\t = \frac{38657.4}{1300.61} \\\\t = 29.72 \ ^0[/tex]

Thus, the final temperature of the water in the mixture is 29.72 ⁰C.

Learn more here:https://brainly.com/question/14197263

To solve this problem, we first need to determine the limiting reagent, which is the chemical that is completely used up in the reaction and thus dictates the amount of the product that can be formed. This is achieved by calculating the moles of the product, Ca3(PO4)2, that each reagent can potentially produce, and then choosing the smaller value.

We have 3.40 moles of Ca(NO3)2 and from the balanced reaction equation, we see that 3 moles of Ca(NO3)2 react to produce 1 mole of Ca3(PO4)2. Therefore, we can calculate the amount of Ca3(PO4)2 that can theoretically be produced by Ca(NO3)2:

3.40 moles / 3 = 1.133 moles of Ca3(PO4)2

Similarly, we have 2.40 moles of Li3PO4, and 2 moles of Li3PO4 produce 1 mole of Ca3(PO4)2. Therefore, the theoretical yield of Ca3(PO4)2 from Li3PO4 is:

2.40 moles / 2 = 1.20 moles of Ca3(PO4)2

Since the amount of Ca3(PO4)2 that can be produced from Ca(NO3)2 (1.133 moles) is less than the amount that could be produced from Li3PO4 (1.2 moles), Ca(NO3)2 is the limiting reagent. Therefore, the actual yield of Ca3(PO4)2 will be the smaller value, that is 1.133 moles.

Next, we convert the moles of Ca3(PO4)2 to grams. The molar mass of Ca3(PO4)2 is 310.18 g/mol. We use the conversion factor of molar mass to convert moles to grams:

1.133 moles * 310.18 g/mol = 351.54 g

Therefore, theoretically, 351.54 grams of calcium phosphate can be formed from starting with 3.40 moles of Ca(NO3)2 and 2.40 moles of Li3PO4.

Learn more about Theoretical Yield Calculation here:

https://brainly.com/question/16735180

#SPJ12

Answer : The mass of reactant [tex]H_2[/tex] remain would be, 0.20 grams.

Solution : Given,

Moles of [tex]H_2[/tex] = 0.40 mol

Moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] = 0.15 mol

Molar mass of [tex]H_2[/tex] = 2 g/mole

First we have to calculate the limiting and excess reagent.

The balanced chemical reaction is,

[tex]2H_2+O_2\rightarrow 2H_2O[/tex]

From the balanced reaction we conclude that

As, 1 mole of [tex]O_2[/tex] react with 2 mole of [tex]H_2[/tex]

So, 0.15 moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] react with [tex]0.15\times 2=0.30[/tex] moles of [tex]H_2[/tex]

From this we conclude that, [tex]H_2[/tex] is an excess reagent because the given moles are greater than the required moles and [tex]O_2[/tex] is a limiting reagent and it limits the formation of product.

The moles of reactant [tex]H_2[/tex] remain = 0.40 - 0.30 = 0.10 mole

Now we have to calculate the mass of reactant [tex]H_2[/tex] remain.

[tex]\text{ Mass of }H_2=\text{ Moles of }H_2\times \text{ Molar mass of }H_2[/tex]

[tex]\text{ Mass of }H_2=(0.10moles)\times (2g/mole)=0.20g[/tex]

Therefore, the mass of reactant [tex]H_2[/tex] remain would be, 0.20 grams.

Answer:

The remaining mass of [tex]\rm H_2[/tex] in the reaction is 0.20 grams.

Explanation:

The balanced equation for the reaction will be:

[tex]\rm 2\; H_2 \; + O_2 \rightarrow\; 2\; H_2O[/tex]

1 mole of [tex]\rm O_2[/tex] reacts with 2 moles of [tex]\rm H_2[/tex] to gives 2 moles of [tex]\rm H_2O[/tex].

0.15 moles of [tex]\rm O_2[/tex] reacts with 2 * 0.15 = 0.30 moles of [tex]\rm H_2[/tex]

We have 0.40 moles of [tex]\rm H_2[/tex]

So remaining [tex]\rm H_2[/tex]= 0.40 moles - 0.30 moles

                         = 0.10 moles

Mass = moles * molar mass

Molar mass of [tex]\rm H_2[/tex] = 2 g/mol

Mass of [tex]\rm H_2[/tex] remained in the reaction = 0.10 moles * 2 g/mole

                                                            = 0.20 grams.

For more information, refer the link:

https://brainly.com/question/22997914?referrer=searchResults

Answer:

figure is attached

Explanation:

When we treat alcohol with H₂SO₄ we get elimination as the major product.

As we can see in the given reaction that in step 1 the lone pair of electrons of oxygen attached to the alcohol make a bond with the hydrogen of H₂SO₄.

In the 2nd step H₂O gets detached from the parent ring which generated a positive charge on the ring.

In the 3rd step elimination of hydrogen from the carbon next to the carbonium carbon results into formation of an alkene.

The reaction rate increases by a factor of 6 when the concentration of NO2 is increased by half and the concentration of F2 is increased by four. This is because the reaction is first order with respect to both reactants, meaning the rate is directly proportional to their concentrations.

The chemical reaction is first order in NO2 and first order in F2, meaning the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of these two reactants. If the concentration of NO2 is increased by a factor of 1.5 (or by half), the reaction rate also increases by a factor of 1.5. Likewise, if the concentration of F2 is increased by a factor of 4, the reaction rate also increases by a factor of 4. Therefore, with both these changes, the overall reaction rate would increase by a factor of 1.5 * 4 = 6.

In general, for a reaction that is first order in respect to a certain reactant, doubling the concentration of that reactant would double the rate of the reaction. Therefore, in this case, increasing the concentration of NO2 by half increases the rate by the same factor (1.5), and increasing the concentration of F2 by 4 increases the rate by the same factor (4).

https://brainly.com/question/1971112

#SPJ12

Final answer:

For a reaction that is first order in both NO₂ and F₂, increasing NO₂ concentration by half and F₂ concentration by four would result in a sixfold increase in the reaction rate.

Explanation:

The reaction being described is first order in NO₂ and first order in F₂. The rate of the reaction would increase in proportion to the changes in concentrations of both reactants, since it is first order with respect to each one. If the concentration of NO₂ was increased by half (a factor of 1.5) and the concentration of F₂ was increased by four (a factor of 4), the overall increase in rate would be calculated by multiplying the individual rate increases due to each reactant. This would give us an overall rate increase by a factor of 1.5 (due to NO₂) × 4 (due to F₂) = 6.

Answer: The volume of HCl needed is 0.250 L

Explanation:

To calculate the number of moles for given molarity, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Moles of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution (in L)}}[/tex]

For sodium carbonate:

Molarity of sodium carbonate solution = 0.500 M

Volume of solution = 0.750 L

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]0.500M=\frac{\text{Moles of sodium carbonate}}{0.750}\\\\\text{Moles of sodium carbonate}=(0.500mol/L\times 0.750L)=0.375mol[/tex]

The chemical equation for the reaction of sodium carbonate and HCl follows:

[tex]Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow 2NaCl+H_2CO_3[/tex]

By Stoichiometry of the reaction:

1 mole of sodium carbonate reacts with 2 moles of HCl

So, 0.375 moles of sodium carbonate will react with = [tex]\frac{2}{1}\times 0.375=0.750mol[/tex] of HCl

Now, calculating the volume of HCl by using equation 1:

Moles of HCl = 0.750 moles

Molarity of HCl = 3.00 M

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]3.00M=\frac{0.750mol}{\text{Volume of solution}}\\\\\text{Volume of solution}=\frac{0.750mol}{3.00mol/L}=0.250L[/tex]

Hence, the volume of HCl needed is 0.250 L

Answer:

-732.5 5 Joules

Explanation:

This a typical calorimetry problem  that can be solved with the formula:

Q = m . C . ΔT

First of all, we determine the mass of water, by density.

Density is mass /volume

1 g/mL = mass / 6.76 mL → 6.76 g

Q = 6.76 g . 4.184 J/g°C . (13.6°C - 39.5°C)

Q = -732.5 5 Joules

Water is releasing heat to be cooled, that's why the answer is negative.

Answer:

The boiling point of 1-chlorobutane is substantially lower than that of 1-butanol

Explanation:

Fractional distillation is a separation process based on difference in boiling point of two compounds.

1-chlorobutane is a polar aprotic molecule due to presence of polar C-Cl bond. Hence  dipole-dipole intermolecular force exists in 1-chlorobutane as a major force.

1-butanol is a polar protic molecule. Hence dipole-dipole force along with hydrogen bonding exist in 1-butanol.

Therefore intermolecular force is stronger in 1-butanol as compared to 1-chlorobutane.

So, boiling point of 1-butanol is much higher than 1-chlorobutane.

Hence mixture of 1-chlorobutane and 1-butanol can be separated by fractional distillation based on difference in boiling point.

So, option (D) is correct.

Answer: 2 lone pairs

Explanation: this is clearly a water molecule in which two hydrogen atom is bonded to one oxygen atom.

Please see attachment for explanation

The molecule with a central atom and two bonded atoms is bent with a bond angle of 105°. It has two lone pairs of electrons on the central atom.

The molecule with a central atom and two bonded atoms is bent with a bond angle of 105°. When a central atom has two bonded atoms and a bond angle less than the typical angle for that geometry, it indicates the presence of one or more lone pairs of electrons on the central atom. In this case, since the molecule is bent, it suggests the presence of two lone pairs of electrons on the central atom. The central atom satisfies the octet rule, which requires it to have 8 valence electrons, made up of both shared and unshared electrons.

Answer:

a. Heat Energy

b. Temperature

Explanation: Heat energy are transferred from one point to another due to difference in temperature

Answer:

A reducing agent is an element or compound that loses (or "donates") an electron to an electron recipient (oxidizing agent) in a redox chemical reaction.

Explanation:

Redox reaction is defined as the reaction in which oxidation and reduction reaction occur simultaneously.

Oxidation reaction is defined as the chemical reaction in which an atom looses its electrons. The oxidation number of the atom gets increased during this reaction.

[tex]X\rightarrow X^{n+}+ne^-[/tex]

Reduction reaction is defined as the chemical reaction in which an atom gains electrons. The oxidation number of the atom gets reduced during this reaction.

[tex]X^{n+}+ne^-\rightarrow X[/tex]

Electrons are transferred from one atom to another in this type of reaction.

Reducing agent is defined as those substance which reduces other chemical compound and oxidizes itself by donating electrons.

Oxidizing agent is defined as those substance which oxidizes other chemical compound and reduces itself by accepting electrons.

Answer:

A reducing agent

Explanation:

A reducing agent--(also called a reductant or reducer) is an element or compound that loses (or "donates") an electron to an electron recipient (oxidizing agent) in a redox chemical reaction.

A reducing agent thus oxides( loses an electron) itself to electron acceptor. This mean that oxidation and reduction occur in pair. One element is oxidized and the other is reduced.

Answer:

The answer to your question is below

Explanation:

Reaction

                            C₂H₂ (g) + O₂(g)   ⇒   CO₂ (g)   +  H₂O (g)

                            Reactants         Elements         Reactants

                                    2                       C                       1

                                    2                       H                       2

                                    2                       O                       3

This reaction is unbalance

Reaction balanced

                          2C₂H₂ (g) +   5O₂(g)   ⇒   4CO₂ (g)   +  2H₂O (g)

                            Reactants         Elements         Reactants

                                    4                       C                       4

                                    4                       H                       4

                                   10                       O                      10

Now, the reaction is balanced

a) Calculate the molecular mass of acetylene and water

Acetylene = (12 x 2) + (2) = 26 g

Water = (1 x 2) + (1 x 16) = 18 g

                           2(26) g of Acetylene ---------------  2(18) g of Water

                               113 g  of Acetylene --------------   x

                                x = (113 x (2 x 18)) / 2(26)

                                x = 4068 / 52

                               x = 78. 2 g of water

b)                2 moles of Acetylene ------------  4 moles of carbon dioxide

                   x moles of acetylene ------------  1.10 moles of carbon dioxide

                         x = (1.10 x 2) / 4

                        x = 0.55 moles of acetylene

Answer:

a) 78.19 grams H2O

b) 14.3 grams acetylene

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Molar mass of acetylene = 26.04 g/mol

Molar mass of H2O = 18.02 g/mol

Step 2: The balanced equation

2C2H2 + 5O2 → 4CO2 + 2H2O

Step 3: a. How many grams of water can form if 113g of acetylene is burned?

Calculate moles of acetylene:

Moles = mass / molar mass

Moles = 113.0 grams / 26.04 g/mol

Moles = 4.339 moles

calculate moles of H2O

For 2 moles acetylene we need 5 moles O2 to produce 4 moles CO2 and 2 moles H2O

For 4.339 moles of acetylene we'll have 4.339 moles H2O

Calculate mass of H2O

Mass H2O = 4.339 moles * 18.02 g/mol

Mass H2O = 78.19 grams H2O

b. How many grams of acetylene react if 1.10 mol of CO2 are produced?

For 2 moles acetylene we need 5 moles O2 to produce 4 moles CO2 and 2 moles H2O

For 1.10 mol CO2 we need 1.10/2 = 0.55 moles of acetylene

Mass acetylene = 0.55 moles * 26.04 g/mol

Mass acetylene = 14.3 grams acetylene

Answer:

The products are carbon dioxide and water

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Combustion = a reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen gas, releasing energy in the form of light and heat. Combustion reactions must involve  O2  as one reactant.

Step 2: The complete combustion of C3H7OH:

For the combustion of 1-propanol, we need O2.

The products of this combustion are CO2 and H2O.

C3H7OH + O2→ CO2 + H2O

On the left side we have 3x C (in c3H7OH), on the right side we have 1x C (in CO2). To balance the amount of C, we have to multiply CO2 on the right side by 3

C3H7OH + O2→ 3CO2 + H2O

On the left side we have 8x H (in C3H7OH) and 2x on the right side (in H2O). To balance the amount of H, we have to multiply H2O, on the right side by 4.

C3H7OH + O2→ 3CO2 + 4H2O

On the left side we have 3x O (1x in C3H7OH and 2x in O2), on the right side we have 10x O (6x in CO2 and 4x in H2O).

To balance the amount of O on both sides, we have to multiply C3H7OH by 2, multiply O2 by 9. Then we have to multiply 3CO2 by 2 and 4H2O by 2. Now the equation is balanced.

2C3H7OH + 9O2→ 6CO2 + 8H2O

For 2 moles propanol, we need 9 moles of O2 to produce 6 moles of CO2 and 8 moles Of H2O

The products are carbon dioxide and water

Answer:

Carbon dioxide and water

Explanation:

Answer:

150 mL of the 30% alcohol mixture and 30 mL of the pure water will we need to obtain the desired solution.

Explanation:

Let the volume of 30% alcohol used to make the mixture = x L

For 25% alcohol:

C₁ = 25% , V₁ = 180 mL

For 30% alcohol :

C₂ = 30% , V₂ = x L

Using  

C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

25×180 = 30×x

So,  

x = 150 mL

Pure water = 180 mL - 150 mL = 30 mL

150 mL of the 30% alcohol mixture and 30 mL of the pure water will we need to obtain the desired solution.

Answer:

This question is incomplete

Explanation:

This illustration refers to an hypertonic solution. Hypertonic solution is a solution in which the surrounding solution has a higher solute concentration (2% of NaCl) than the cell's cytosol (0.9% of NaCl). In hypertonic solution, the solution outside the cell (with higher concentration) pulls the water from the cell's cytosol (via osmosis) causing the cell to shrink.

Final answer:

A cell with 0.9% NaCl placed in a 2% NaCl solution experiences a hypertonic environment, causing it to lose water and shrink due to osmosis.

Explanation:

When a living cell with an internal tonicity equivalent to 0.9% NaCl is placed in a solution containing 2% NaCl, the surrounding solution is considered hypertonic. This is because the extracellular solution has a higher solute (salt) concentration than the cell's cytoplasm. The process of osmosis will cause water to move from the cell, which has a higher water potential, to the outside solution, where the water potential is lower because it has a higher solute concentration. Over time, this will result in the cell shrinking or losing water.

Osmolarity and tonicity are important concepts in understanding how cells interact with their environment. Isotonic conditions mean that the concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell, resulting in no net water movement. Aquaporins, which are channel proteins in the cell membrane, facilitate the rapid movement of water across the cell membrane in response to these tonicity conditions.

Living organisms have developed strategies to maintain osmotic balance, such as the secretion of salts or the regulation of solute concentrations within their cells, to prevent cellular damage from excessive swelling or shrinking in hypo- or hypertonic environments.

Answer:

503.5 kJ

Explanation:

The combustion of reaction of propane, C3H8, is:

C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) --> 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)

The enthalpy of the reaction can be calculated by the enthalpy of formation of the substances, which is the enthalpy of the reaction that produces the substances by only its constituents. The values can be found at a thermodynamic table. The standard condition is 25°C and 1 atm, so:

H°f, C3H8(g) = -103.85 kJ/mol

H°f, O2(g) = 0

H°f, CO2(g) = -393.51 kJ/mol

H°f, H2O(l) = -285.83 kJ/mol

So, the enthalpy of the reaction is:

ΔH°rxn = ∑n*H°f products - ∑n*H°f reactants, where n is the coefficient of the substance:

ΔH°rxn = [3*(-393.51) + 4*(-285.83)] - (-103.85)

ΔH°rxn = -2220 kJ/ mol of C3H8

The heat produced is the value of the enthalpy multiplied by the number of moles of the fuel. The molar mass of C3H8 is 44.10 g/mol, so, in 10.0 g:

n = 10.0/44.10

n = 0.2268 mol

So, the heat is:

Q = -2220 * 0.2268

Q = -503.5 kJ

The minus signal indicates that the heat is being lost, so 503.5 kJ of heat is produced.

To calculate the quantity of heat produced when 10.0 g of propane is completely combusted, use the balanced equation for the combustion of propane and the enthalpy of combustion.

When propane (C3H8) is completely combusted in air under standard conditions, it reacts with oxygen (O2) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) vapor. The balanced equation for the combustion of propane is:

C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)

To calculate the quantity of heat produced when 10.0 g of propane is completely combusted, we need to use the enthalpy of combustion, which is given as -2,219.2 kJ/mol. To find the heat produced, we first determine the number of moles of propane in 10.0 g, then use the stoichiometry of the balanced equation to convert moles of propane to moles of heat produced, and finally convert the moles of heat to kJ by multiplying by the enthalpy of combustion per mole of propane.