The answer here would be: D. coevolution.
co·ev·o·lu·tion
noun
the influence of closely associated species on each other in their evolution.
The given situation is a classic example of Coevolution.
Evolution is defined as the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations and these characteristics are the expression of genes passed from parents to offspring through reproduction process.
Evolution can be of different types such as- Chemical Evolution, Predatory evolution, Independent Evolution, Coevolution
What is Coevolution?Coevolution is the process of reciprocal evolutionary changes occurring between pairs of species through their interaction with each other.
The participation of each species applies selection pressure on the other resulting into adoption by those species which fastly evolves according to the circumstances and change of situation.
It is one of the primary method by which biological communities are organized leading to specialized relationships between two different species.
Coevolution interaction depends upon current genetic makeup and mutations of the species along with the community context where the interaction is taking place.
Example- Antagonistic Coevolution
The interaction of two different species allow individual species to exploit vulnerable resources or increased protection.
Example- Mutual Coevolution
What is Chemical Evolution?The origin and chemical evolution of Earth's atmosphere is a complex combination of cosmic and terrestrial processes, which acted throughout the entire history of our planet.
The modern theory of chemical evolution states that on a primitive earth a mixture of simple chemicals assembled into more complex molecular systems, from which, eventually came the first functioning cell(s).
In this extremely complicated series of transformations several key transitions must be contemplated.
What is predatory Evolution?Predators and prey are natural enemies, and many of their adaptations seem designed to counter each other. Their adaptations have been characterized as an evolutionary arms race, an example of the coevolution of two species.
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Consider a field plot containing 200 kg of plant material. Approximately how many kg of carnivore production can be supported? A) 200 B) 100 C) 20 D) 10 E) 2
Answer:
E) 2
Explanation:
The energy transfer through the food chain is not 100% from one consumer to another, or from the producer to the primary consumer, but instead it is around 10%. This means that if a producer has the 100% of energy, as it is the one that produces it, the primary consumer will only get 10% of its energy while consuming it, while the predator of the the primary consumer will only 10% from the primary consumer, or rather only 1% from the energy of the producer. In this case we have 200 kg of plant material. The plant material represents a producer, thus it is the one with 100% of energy. A herbivore will eat the plant material, getting 10% of its energy, thus this plant material is supporting about 20 kg of herbivore. The predator of the herbivore gets only 10% from the herbivore's energy, or only 1% of the producer's energy, thus only 2 kg of predator can be supported by the initial plant material.
The exact amount of carnivore production cannot be determined, but it would be much less than the initial 200 kg of plant material.
Explanation:In order to estimate the amount of carnivore production that can be supported by a field plot with 200 kg of plant material, we can use the information provided. It states that 60 g/m² carbon is released into the atmosphere as a result of the metabolic activity of herbivores. Since we have no information about the size or area of the field plot, we cannot determine the exact amount of carnivore production. However, we can suggest that it would be much less than the initial 200 kg of plant material.
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Which best describes indented writing in a forged document?
A.) pressing upon the paper to make writing on papers beneath
B.) changing characters with ink of a similar color
C.) covering the original test with a material
D.) eliminating the original text or signature with a razor blade
~I am thinking A but I am not sure if I am correct.
A.) pressing upon the paper to make writing on papers beneath.
Explanation:Indented writing, or second page composing, is the impression from the composition instrument caught on sheets of paper beneath the one that contains the first composition. This regularly shows itself when stack of paper are utilized or in some record-keeping circumstances.
It can be a wellspring of distinguishing proof in mysterious note cases and can be a priceless examination technique when restorative and different records are associated with containing modifications.
Which of the following traits does not characterize an individualistic community? A) discrete geographic boundaries B) strong abiotic influences on species distributions C) community composition changes along a gradient D) strong biotic influences on species distribution E) bottom-up organization
Answer : strong biotic influences on species distribution - D)
According to the competitive exclusion principle, two species cannot continue to occupy the same A) habitat. B) niche. C) territory. D) range. E) biome.
Answer:
Niche
Explanation:
Niche basically is the lifelihood of a species that involves feeding on what, drinking from what....
If both species are competing for the same resources, they would compete until a certain species is eradicated. (think of it as 2 species of ants in 2 colonies that are close to each other, take the same leaves, prey and stuff. They would fight with each other in other until one colony is eradicated.) hence, unless a species and adapt and change its niche, both species would fight until one is eliminated. Thus, the principle states that 2 species cannot continue to occupy the same niche, not living environment.
According to the competitive exclusion principle, two species cannot continue to occupy the same niche.
What is niche?The niche is determined by the biotic factors, which comprise of living features such as animals, plants and fungi, and abiotic factors. Abiotic factors are the non-living, environmental features such as sunlight and water availability and weather, as well as resources such as food and other nutrients.
The niche of an organism is the functional role that it plays within an ecosystem. The niche is determined by the biotic factors, which comprise of living features such as animals, plants and fungi, and abiotic factors.
The competitive exclusion principle says that two species can't coexist if they occupy the same niche. Two species whose niches overlap may evolve by natural selection to have more distinct niches, resulting in resource partitioning
The correct answer is option B.
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Which of the following types of mutations is MOST likely to alter the encoded protein?A single nucleotide deletionA point mutation in the 2nd base of a codonA point mutation in the 1st base of a codonA point mutation in the 3rd base of a codon
Answer:
A point mutation in the 1st base of a codon
Explanation:
A point mutations are mutations of one base in the DNA sequence. The effects of point mutations might be harmful, beneficial or neutral.
Deletion mutations are frameshift mutation, because they change the reading frame and thus affect the sequence of amino acids produced. Usually, protein changes its structure and function and become useless.
Point mutations at 2nd base of codon are misssense mutations, meaning that the new amino acid is produced, but it can be amino acid with similar properties. That will not affect the function of the protein a lot.
3rd base of a codon are often silent mutations, which means that the sam amino acid is produced (multiple codons can code for the same amino acid).
According to the equilibrium model of island biogeography, species richness would be greatest on an island that is A) small and remote. B) large and remote. C) large and close to a mainland. D) small and close to a mainland. E) environmentally homogeneous.
According to the equilibrium model of island biogeography, species richness would be greatest on an island that is C) large and close to a mainland.
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Species richness is greatest on islands that are large and close to a mainland due to higher immigration rates and greater habitat diversity, which can support more species, option C is correct.
According to the equilibrium model of island biogeography, species richness would be greatest on an island that is large and close to a mainland. This model predicts that islands close to a mainland have higher rates of species migration due to proximity, which increases species diversity. Larger islands offer a greater availability of niches, can support larger populations, and have lower rates of species extinction compared to smaller islands. Thus, the combined effects of proximity to a source of species (mainland) and island size contribute to a higher species richness.
Identify the order of the events and layers in this cross section image, (1) is the oldest, (9) is the youngest.
The order of the events and layers from oldest to the youngest.
Layer G Layer FLayer E Layer DIntrusion A Layer C Layer B Fault H Erosion SurfaceWhat is each layer about?
Layer G: This is the lowest layer and therefore is considered the oldest in the sequence.
Layer F: This layer lies directly above G, so it must have been deposited next.
Layer E: Similarly, layer E is above F and therefore is next in the sequence.
Layer D: This layer caps E and is therefore next.
Intrusion A: The intrusion cuts across layers G, F, E, and D, so it must be younger than all of these layers.
Layer C: Above layer D and unaffected by the intrusion, so it must have come after.
Layer B: This is the layer on top of C and thus is next.
Fault H: The fault cuts through all layers and the intrusion, so it is younger than all of these features.
Erosion Surface (at the top, represented by the wavy line along the top of layer B): This surface is the youngest feature, cutting across all layers.
Complete question:
Identify the order of the events and layers in this cross section image, (1) is the oldest, (9) is the youngest.
Prairie dogs once covered the expanses of the Great Plains. Their grazing made the grass more nutritious for the huge herds of bison, and a variety of snakes, raptors, and mammals preyed on the rodents. In fact, the black-footed ferret (now endangered) specialized in prairie dog predation. Today, growing neighborhoods have covered many prairie dog towns. Which of the following statements about prairie dogs is not true? A) Their realized niche has diminished. B) They are commensals with bison. C) They are reasonably considered a keystone species. D) Their fundamental niche remains unaltered. E) Their fundamental niche has diminished.
Answer:
E) Their fundamental niche has diminished
Explanation:
The prairie dogs are a species that is crucial for the whole ecosystem in which it lives in, making it a keystone species. The reason for this is that the prairie dogs manage to make the soil more fertile, thus providing better conditions of the growth of plants, benefiting the herbivores, it reproduces very quickly, and it is a prey animal for numerous predators, thus it is a species that provides food in both directions. Despite the loss of habitat because of the human activities, and the demise in their population, they have still managed to keep their importance in the ecosystem, thus they have kept their fundamental niche in it and they are essential for the well being of the ecosystem in which they live.
Final answer:
The incorrect statement is that prairie dogs' fundamental niche remains unaltered. Growing neighborhoods have reduced both their fundamental and realized niches. Prairie dogs are a keystone species due to their burrowing and role as prey.
Explanation:
The statement about prairie dogs that is not true is: D) Their fundamental niche remains unaltered. A fundamental niche refers to the range of environmental conditions in which a species can survive and reproduce without the influence of competitors or predators. Because growing neighborhoods have covered many prairie dog towns, their fundamental niche has indeed diminished, as they have less habitat available in which they could potentially thrive. On the other hand, their realized niche, which is the actual range of habitats occupied by a species, has also diminished.
Prairie dogs are reasonably considered a keystone species because their burrowing activities provide shelter and protection for many other species, and their role as prey supports a variety of predators including the black-footed ferret. Their extensive burrowing benefits the ecosystem by creating shelter, limiting plant growth, aiding soil aeration, and serving an alarm system for their communities. However, the prairie dogs' association with bison as commensals—organisms that benefit from another without affecting it—does not directly describe the prairie dogs' ecological role impacting the ecosystem's structure.
Which of these terms applies to the relationship between a dog and a blood-sucking tick? A) predation B) competition C) parasitism D) commensalism E) mutualism
The relationship between a dog and a blood-sucking tick is classified as parasitism, where the tick benefits by feeding on the dog's blood, potentially harming the dog. Therefore, option C) parasitism is the correct answer.
The relationship between a dog and a blood-sucking tick is referred to as parasitism (option C). Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship where one organism, the parasite, benefits from the relationship, while the other organism, the host, is harmed. In this case, the tick gains nourishment by consuming the dog's blood, but this can lead to health problems for the dog, like irritation or the transmission of diseases.
Which of the following statements regarding membrane function is false? The plasma membrane has receptors for chemical messages. The plasma membrane forms a selective barrier around the cell. The plasma membrane is the control center of the cell. The plasma membrane plays a role in transferring signals to the cell's interior. The plasma membrane creates compartments within the cell.
Answer:
The plasma membrane is the control center of the cell.
Explanation:
The plasma membrane is a thin, porous, microscopic envelope that coats the cells of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It is a semipermeable structure responsible for the transportation and selection of substances entering and leaving the cell. It has several functions that are critical to cell development and survival, such as receptor receptors for chemical messages from outside the cell, as well as transferring signals into the cell, acting as a selective barrier and creating compartments within the cell. .
The false statement is that the plasma membrane is the control center of the cell, as this role belongs to the nucleus. The plasma membrane provides a selective barrier, regulates chemical messaging, and also allows recognition between cells.
The false statement regarding membrane function is 'The plasma membrane is the control center of the cell.' The control center of the cell is actually the nucleus while the plasma membrane has several other roles.
The plasma membrane performs the critical function of forming a selective barrier around the cell, determining what enters and exits the cell. It is also very flexible, allowing cells like red and white blood cells to change shape when necessary. Furthermore, the plasma membrane has receptors essential for cellular communication, helping the cell respond to chemical messages and playing a role in signal transduction by transferring signals to the cell's interior. It also helps in creating compartments within the cell and carries markers for cellular recognition important for tissue and organ formation as well as immune response.
Four boys have the same biological mother and father. What percentage of each boy’s chromosomes come from the mother?
50% because they each get half from their mom and half from their dad
What is the function of the start codon of an mRNA sequence?
A. The start codon acts as a checkpoint in the eukaryotic cell cycle.
B. The start codon protects the mRNA from being degraded.
C. The start codon signals for the ribosome to begin assembling amino acids at that point in the mRNA sequence.
D. The start codon signals for the ribosome to release the mRNA sequence.
Option no. C is the correct answer.
The start codon signals for the ribosome to begin assembling amino acids at that point in the mRNA sequence.
Answer:
Option (C).
Explanation:
Codons represent triplets of nucleotides in DNA or mRNA that provide information for the process of protein synthesis. The first codon in mRNA transcript is known as start codon.
Start codon provides initiation signals for the ribosomes to start the process of translation, during which formation of polypeptide chain takes place.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
Please explain thoroughly.
Why do so many earthquakes occur along the west coast of the united states? Explain using continental drift and seafloor spreading.
Scientists observed that over the past 40 years, marmots are located at increasing elevations on mountains. What is the best explanation for this observation? The marmots are adapting to the cold temperatures. Other species are competing with the marmots for their normal habitat. More snow and rain is falling at the top of the mountains. It is becoming colder at the top of the mountains. It is becoming warmer at the top of the mountains.
Yes I’m mommy but mom is my dad and dad is my brother
The lac operon can be regulated by two distinct methods. Which of the following statements are correct?The lac operon can be activated by the binding of allolactose to the repressor protein, releasing it from DNA and thereby allowing for transcription to occur.When glucose levels are low, the allosteric activator of the repressor protein dissociates, causing the repressor to release DNA and thereby allowing for transcription to occur.In response to low glucose levels, cAMP is upregulated; the binding of cAMP to the cAMP receptor protein triggers the activation of the operon.cAMP levels increase in response to low glucose levels and this secondary messenger allosterically binds to the repressor protein, causing it to release from DNA.
Answer:
The lac operon can be activated by the binding of allolactose to the repressor protein, releasing it from DNA and thereby allowing for transcription to occur.In response to low glucose levels, cAMP is upregulated; the binding of cAMP to the cAMP receptor protein triggers the activation of the operon.Explanation:
Lactose operon or lac operon (includes lacZ, lacY and lacA genes) is found in some bacteria and the products of its genes are involved in lactose metabolism. So, this operon is active (genes are transcribed) when lactose is present and glucose is absent (or at low level). The operon is regulated by the lac repressor which acts as a lactose sensor and catabolite activator protein (CAP) which acts as a glucose sensor.
When there is lactose (in the form of allolactose) lac repressor detects it and stops being repressor. This enables transcription.
CAP detects glucose (via cAMP) and activates transcription when glucose levels are low.
Mrs. Smith has blood type A. Her father has blood type A, and her mother has blood type B. If Mr. Smith has blood type AB, what is the probability that they will have a child with blood type AB? A. 50% B. 100% C. 25% D. 0%
Final answer:
The probability that Mrs. Smith with blood type A (AO) and Mr. Smith with blood type AB will have a child with blood type AB is 25%.
Explanation:
The question is asking us to determine the probability that Mrs. Smith, who has blood type A, and Mr. Smith, who has blood type AB, will have a child with blood type AB. Blood type A can have genotypes either AA or AO, and since Mrs. Smith's mother has blood type B, Mrs. Smith's genotype must be AO. Mr. Smith's AB blood type means his genotype is AB. When crossing these genotypes (AO x AB), the possible genotypes for offspring are AA, AB, AO, and BO, each with equal likelihood.
This is because the child can inherit the A allele from Mrs. Smith and the B allele from Mr. Smith, resulting in the AB blood type.
Therefore, the probability that they will have a child with blood type AB is one out of the four possible genotypes (25%).
The correct answer is C. 25%.
Final answer:
The probability of Mrs. Smith (blood type A) and Mr. Smith (blood type AB) having a child with blood type AB is 25%, as determined by a Punnett square showing one out of four possible allele combinations resulting in the AB genotype.
Explanation:
To determine the probability that Mrs. Smith (blood type A) and Mr. Smith (blood type AB) could have a child with blood type AB, it is important to understand the possible genotypes each parent could possess and how those might combine during reproduction. Since Mrs. Smith has blood type A and both of her parents contributed different blood types (A and B), her genotype is most likely AO. Mr. Smith, with blood type AB, has a genotype of AB, as both A and B alleles are co-dominant.
Using a Punnett square to illustrate the potential combinations of alleles from the parents, we can determine the possible genotypes for their children. Mrs. Smith can contribute either A (IA) or O (i) alleles and Mr. Smith can contribute either A (IA) or B (IB) alleles. The combinations IAIA, IAi, IAIB, and iIB are possible. However, only the IAIB combination will produce a child with blood type AB.
Therefore, the probability of them having a child with blood type AB is 25% (as there is one IAIB combination out of four possible combinations).
In mitosis, when do the sister chromatids align with centrosomes in the cells?
A. Telophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Interphase
Answer: d. Interphase
Explanation:
During metaphase, the sister chromatids align with centrosomes in the cells in mitosis. So, the correct option is (B).
What is Mitosis?Mitosis is defined as the part of the cell cycle in which the duplicated chromosomes are divided into two new nuclei. This division gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes remains the same, hence mitosis is also known as Equational division.
The stages that occur in mitosis are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase while cytokinesis is the final physical cell division that follows telophase, which is also considered as the sixth stage of mitosis.
During mitosis the duplicated sister chromatids that align properly at the metaphase plate of the mitotic spindle before separating into two daughter cells.
Thus, during metaphase, the sister chromatids align with centrosomes in the cells in mitosis. So, the correct option is (B).
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Which of the following is an example of Müllerian mimicry? A) a butterfly that resembles a leaf B) two poisonous frogs with similar color patterns C) a minnow with spots that look like large eyes D) a beetle that resembles a scorpion E) a carnivorous fish with a wormlike tongue that lures prey
B) two poisonous frogs with similar color patterns
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14) Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45 M NaCl. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater? A) NaCl will be exported from the red blood cells by facilitated diffusion. B) The blood cells will take up water, swell, and eventually burst. C) NaCl will passively diffuse into the red blood cells. D) Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse. E) The blood cells will expend ATP for active transport of NaCl into the cytoplasm. D;
Answer:
A) NaCl will be exported from the red blood cells by facilitated diffusion.
Answer:
D) Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse.
Explanation:
In the situation described in the question above, if the red blood cells were transferred to seawater, the water would come out of the cells by osmosis, causing those cells to shrivel and collapse. This would occur because the concentration of NaCl in seawater is greater than the concentration of NaCl within the cell, so in an attempt to balance the cell would spill the water from within it to balance NaCl concentrations. As a result, the cell would wither and collapse.
Which of the following lists steps of mRNA production in eukaryotes in the correct order?View Available Hint(s)Which of the following lists steps of mRNA production in eukaryotes in the correct order?Transcription, 5' cap addition, addition of poly-A tail, exon splicing, passage through nuclear membraneTranscription, 5' cap addition, addition of poly-A tail, passage through nuclear membrane, exon splicingTranscription, addition of poly-A tail, 5' cap addition, exon splicing, passage through nuclear membrane5' cap addition, addition of poly-A tail, exon splicing, passage through nuclear membrane, transcription
Answer:
Transcription, 5' cap addition, addition of poly-A tail, exon splicing, passage through nuclear membrane
Explanation:
After being synthesized during the transcription, mRNA (pre-mRNA) must be modified in order to be functional (mature mRNA) and exported from the nucleus for the process of translation.Modification of pre-mRNA include:
5' capping-addition of 7-methylguanosine to the 5' end which protects the pre-mRNA addition of adenine residues to form a poly(A) tail whic is also with protective role (from ribonuclease digestion)RNA splicing-excision of introns and reconection of exonsModified mRNA can now be transported from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
An earthworm that feeds on the remains of plants and animals is acting as a A) producer. B) primary consumer. C) secondary consumer. D) tertiary consumer. E) detritivore.
Describe the structure of the nephron and explain the role of each part of a nephron in creating urine (5 points)
Answer:
Each kidney has approximately 1 million nephrons. Each nephron consists of 2 parts: 1. Glomerulus; 2. Renal tubules
Explanation:
The glomerulus is a capillary type branching network formed from the renal arterioles which originates from the renal artery and is involved in the filtration of blood.
Renal tubules has the following parts:
i) Bowman's capsule: It is a double layered cup like structure. Bowman's capsule along with glomerulus forms the malphigian corpuscle or renal body.
ii) Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT): It forms a highly coiled network.
iii) Henle's loop: It is hairpin shaped part of tubule which has a descending and an ascending limb.
iv) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT): It is also a highly coiled tubular region.
A toxin that blocks the release of a neurotransmitter would most likely:
No answer text provided.
prevent action potentials in the pre-synaptic cell
block oxygen from entering the cell
effect the post-synaptic cell
stop action potentials by blocking Na channels
Answer:
the answer is the 1st. choice...
Explanation:
because neurotransmitters are the connection between neurotransmitters and the brain 2 tell what action potential should happen, mostly muscle movement...
When individuals of the same species are reproductively isolated, genetic differences may accumulate in sufficient number so that new species could emerge. Such an event would be an example of:
a. microevolution.
b. founder effect.
c. equilibrium.
d. macroevolution.
Answer:
b. founder effect
Explanation:
When there is a situation when sufficient number of members of one species are reproductively isolated, and if there is an evolutionary pressure for them to start developing new advantageous traits, then a new species will gradually emerge. In this kind of scenario the genetic diversity will be minimized, as the number of individuals is much smaller, and that will result in only changes that will go in only one direction and they will also occur quicker than if there was a greater genetic diversity. This is called the founder effect, and it is easy to see why this term has been chosen, as the limited number of members of a species that have been reproductively isolated are giving the foundation for the development of a new, separate species.
Identify the correct sentence. A. As a young naturalist, Charles Darwin traveled around the world and made many discoveries on a small British navy ship, HMS Beagle. B. As a young naturalist, Charles Darwin traveled around the world and made many discoveries on a small British navy ship, HMS Beagle. C. As a young naturalist, Charles Darwin traveled around the world and made many discoveries on a small British navy ship, open double quoteHMS Beagle.close double quote D. As a young naturalist, Charles Darwin traveled around the world and made many discoveries on a small British navy ship, 'HMS Beagle.'
Final answer:
The correct sentence is 'A. As a young naturalist, Charles Darwin traveled around the world and made many discoveries on a small British navy ship, HMS Beagle,' because it has correct punctuation and properly italicized ship name.
Explanation:
Identify the correct sentence among the given options: The correct sentence is 'A. As a young naturalist, Charles Darwin traveled around the world and made many discoveries on a small British navy ship, HMS Beagle.' This sentence is punctuated correctly and maintains proper use of capitalization and italics for the name of the ship. Options B and C repeat A, and thus are also correct. Option D incorrectly uses single quotes around the ship name instead of italics, which is the established convention for naming ships.
For which is the SICAR database software used?
A.) profiling DNA
B.) identifying blood type
C.) identifying make and model of tires and footwear
D.) identifying fingerprints
Answer:
C.) identifying make and model of tires and footwear
Explanation:
SICAR 6, in conjunction with the SoleMate footwear database, is a complete solution for the identification of shoe prints recovered from crime scenes and the management of shoeprint evidence. A sole pattern coding technique is used to characterize a shoe print.
The SICAR database software is employed to identify the make and model of tires and footwear through the analysis of tread patterns for forensic investigations. Hence the correct option is C.
The SICAR database software is used for identifying make and model of tires and footwear. This tool is essential in forensic science for analyzing and comparing tread patterns found at crime scenes to a database of tires and shoe prints. This form of analysis does not involve DNA fingerprinting or genetic testing, which are used for identifying the source of a DNA sample left at a crime scene, determining paternity, or comparing ancient DNA with modern organisms. Instead, forensic experts use SICAR to match the specific patterns of shoes or tires to potential suspects, contributing to criminal investigations.
Choose a trait that goes beyond Mendel’s one trait inheritance. Discuss the inheritance (ex. Incomplete dominance, multiple allele, polygenic, pleiotrophy, linkage, environmental influences), the different phenotypes or anything else that deviates from simple genetics. Mendel got lucky with the traits he chose in his pea plants. If he got more complicated traits and inheritance it would have made his findings almost impossible to come to. Talk about how these traits would have made it hard for scientists like Mendel to figure out inheritance the way he did
Mendel's work mainly studied traits with simple, single trait inheritance patterns. Discoveries post-Mendel's times revealed more complex inheritance patterns that would have made his determinations of inheritance as difficult. Traits showing discontinuous variation, that Mendel worked with, deviate from the prevalent theory of that time that considered traits blend in offspring.
Explanation:Gregor Mendel studied traits where the inheritance was straightforward in pea plants. These traits fell under a single characteristic with dominant and recessive alleles. However, several modes of inheritance that were discovered after Mendel's times deviated from this simple pattern of inheritance. These include incomplete dominance, codominance among others.
If Mendel has encountered traits with complex inheritance patterns, it would have made determining the inheritance as he did, difficult. The simple mono-hybrid crosses, which are matings between two purebred individuals that differ in one characteristic, would not have given predictable results as they did.
Further, Mendel's work went largely unnoticed because, at that time, the scientific community was incorrect in thinking that inheritance worked by blending the traits of parents, producing an intermediate phenotype in the offspring. This was so because many traits show continuous variation, a range of small differences among individuals, making the offspring seem like a 'blend' of their parents' traits. Mendel, however, worked with traits showing discontinuous variation, with the individuals showing either of the two easily distinguishable traits.
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Mendel studied traits in pea plants that were easy to categorize with simple dominant-recessive patterns, making it possible to establish the basic laws of inheritance. Traits involving incomplete dominance, polygenic inheritance, or genetic linkage show more complex inheritance patterns, which would have made Mendel's work much more difficult.
Gregor Mendel discovered Mendelian inheritance by studying traits in pea plants that were controlled by a single gene with two alleles; one dominant and one recessive. This simplistic scenario allowed for straightforward observations of phenotypic patterns across generations. However, there are complex modes of inheritance that go beyond this, such as incomplete dominance, polygenic inheritance, and genetic linkage. In incomplete dominance, a heterozygous individual exhibits a phenotype that is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes. For example, in the case of flower color, a red-flowered plant (RR) and a white-flowered plant (WW) might produce pink flowers (RW) in their offspring, unlike the clear dominant-recessive relationship observed by Mendel. Polygenic inheritance involves multiple genes contributing to a single trait, resulting in continuous variation of phenotypes, as seen in human traits like height or skin color. This complexity with multiple genes and alleles interacting would have made it challenging for Mendel to discern clear patterns of inheritance. Genetic linkage occurs when genes are located close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together. This violates Mendel's law of independent assortment and would have obscured the inheritance patterns Mendel observed in his pea plants. If Mendel had encountered these complex forms of inheritance, his task of elucidating the principles of inheritance could have been much more challenging, or perhaps even impossible, with the knowledge and tools available during his time.
The sum total of an organism's interaction with the biotic and abiotic resources of its environment is called its A) habitat. B) logistic growth. C) biotic potential. D) microclimax. E) ecological niche.
Final answer:
A habitat is the physical location of an organism, while a niche encompasses the organism's function within a community and its interaction with abiotic factors of the environment.
Explanation:
A habitat is the specific, physical location of an organism. Habitats can be identified at different spatial scales. A niche is the function or occupation, of a life-form within a community. An organism's niche incorporates the physical (habitat), chemical, and biological factors that maintains the health and vitality of the organism. An organism's interaction with the abiotic factors of its environment (heat and moisture) defines its niche.
If you wanted to alter the structure of a bottom-up community, your best bet would be to A) remove the top predators. B) remove the trees and shrubs. C) add plenty of fertilizer. D) add more predators. E) reduce the number of primary producers.
Answer:
E) reduce the number of primary producers
Explanation:
The primary producers are the ones that are the basis of any ecosystem on the planet. They have the ability to produce food for themselves, thus they are autotrophs, and they are the ones that are the food source for the primary consumers. With reduction of the primary producers the whole ecosystem will instantly feel the effects. The primary consumers will be left without food, meaning that they will start to die out. The dying out of the primary consumers will lead to dying out of the secondary consumers, and their dying out will result in the dying out of the predators, or rather the tertiary consumers. The end result will be a collapse of the ecosystem, which will then be inhabited by other organisms, first through the primary succession, and then through the secondary succession, resulting in a new and different ecosystem.
Let’s brush up on mapping. For questions 1-8, pure-breeding P0 animals were mated to generate F1 animals heterozygous at the B and W genes. The heterozygous F1 animals were test-crossed and yielded progeny with the phenotypes below. Mutations in the B gene (b) cause a “no bristles” phenotype. Mutations in the W gene (w) cause a “no wings” phenotype. Both genes are haplosufficient. 45% normal bristles, normal wings 45% no bristles, no wings 5% no bristles, normal wings 5% normal bristles, no wings The numbers above suggest that the B and W genes are linked. What ratio of progeny would you have expected to see if B and W were on different chromosomes?
Answer:
When DNA is duplicated during mitosis, _____.
one completely new DNA molecule is formed
two completely new DNA molecules are formed
two molecules are formed, each with one original side
the original molecule thickens and separates into two
Explanation: