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The Lewis structure for HNC (hydrogen isocyanide) consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to a nitrogen atom, which is then bonded to a carbon atom. The formal charges assigned to each atom are H: 0, N: 0, and C: -1.

The Lewis structure for HNC (hydrogen isocyanide): Determine the total number of valence electrons,

1. Determine the total number of valence electrons:

  Hydrogen (H) has 1 valence electron.

  Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons.

  Carbon (C) has 4 valence electrons.

Total valence electrons = 1 (H) + 5 (N) + 4 (C) = 10 valence electrons

2. Place the least electronegative atom (hydrogen) in the center and connect it to the more electronegative atoms (nitrogen and carbon) using single bonds.

                H

                 |

            N - C

3. Fill the remaining valence electrons around each atom to complete their octets (except hydrogen, which only needs 2 electrons).

  H: 2 electrons (1 bond)

  N: 4 electrons (1 bond) + 4 electrons (lone pairs) = 8 electrons (full octet)

  C: 4 electrons (1 bond) + 4 electrons (lone pairs) = 8 electrons (full octet)

                H

                 |

            N - C

            :   :

4. Check if all atoms have achieved their octets. In this case, they have.

The Lewis structure for HNC is:

                H

                 |

            N - C

            :   :

Let's assign formal charges to each atom. The formal charge of an atom is calculated by comparing the number of valence electrons an atom has in a Lewis structure with the number of electrons it "owns" in a molecule.

To calculate the formal charge, we use the formula:

Formal charge = Valence electrons - (Non-bonded electrons + 1/2 * Bonded electrons)

For each atom in HNC:

H: Formal charge = 1 - (0 + 1/2 * 2) = 0

N: Formal charge = 5 - (4 + 1/2 * 2) = 0

C: Formal charge = 4 - (4 + 1/2 * 2) = -1

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Answer:

Concentration: 0,52

Explanation:

Remember that the concentration of a solution, is the calculus of dividing the amount of solute, could be in grams, mililiters, moles, by the amount of solvent in which the solute is going to be dissolved, in this case we will use the data provided to solve with the next formula:

[tex]C1V1=C2V2\\C2=\frac{C1*V1}{V2}\\ C2=\frac{65*6}{750}\\ C2=0,52[/tex]

So the concetration will be 0,52 m

The concentration of the diluted solution is 0.52 M

Dilution is simply reducing the concentration of a solution by the application of water.

The concentration of a diluted solution can be obtained by using the following formula:

Where:

C₁ => is the concentration of the stock solution

V₁ => is the volume of the stock solution

C₂ => is the concentration of the diluted solution

V₂ => is the volume of the diluted solution.

With the above formula, we can obtain the concentration of the diluted solution as follow:

Volume of stock solution (V₁) = 65 mL

Concentration of stock (C₁ ) = 6 M

Volume of diluted solution (V₂) = 750 mL

C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

6 × 65 = C₂ × 750

390 =  C₂ × 750

Divide both side by 750

C₂ = 390 / 750

Therefore, the concentration of the diluted solution is 0.52 M

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a compound is a elements that are bonded together chemically

The mass of 3.00 moles of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) is calculated by multiplying the number of moles by the molar mass of MgCl2, giving a result of 285.63 grams.

To calculate the mass of 3.00 moles of magnesium chloride (MgCl2), we will use the molar mass of MgCl2. The molar mass of MgCl2 is 95.21 grams per mole. Therefore, to find the mass, multiply the number of moles by the molar mass:

Mass = moles × molar mass

Mass = 3.00 moles × 95.21 g/mol = 285.63 grams of MgCl2

The mass of 3.00 moles of magnesium chloride is thus 285.63 grams.

Answer: -

Rutherford and Soddy's research involved:

3)The theory that uranium successively disintegrated to lead

Radioactivity involves conversion of one atom of an element into another by particle decay or radiation. They stated the disintegration theory of radioactivity, also discovering a large number of radioactive elements.

They both got Nobel prizes as well.

The type of bond that a Phosphorous pentachloride have is an Ionic Bonding. It is a form of chemical bond that encompasses the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions which serves as the primary interaction happening in ionic compound. Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons and Chlorine has 7 valence electrons. Phosphorus contributes 1 electron to each chlorine and all the 6 achieve 8 electrons in the outer shell thus creating an ionic bond.

Answer:

PCl5 is a covalent bond

Explanation:

Ionic bonds are bonds between a metal and a non-metal.

Covalent bonds are bonds between 2 or more non-metals.

Neither P or Cl are metals, therefore PCl5 has a covalent bond.

The geometry around the left-most carbon in CH2CHCH3 is trigonal planar.

The geometry around the left-most carbon in the molecule CH2CHCH3 is trigonal planar.

When looking at the molecule, we can see that the left-most carbon is bonded to three other atoms: two hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom. Since the left-most carbon has three bonded atoms and no lone pairs, its geometry is trigonal planar.

This means that the three bonding pairs are arranged in a flat triangle around the carbon atom.

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The leftmost carbon in the molecule CH2CHCH3, also known as propene, has a tetrahedral conformation because of its sp³ hybridization. The atoms around the carbon are spaced so that the angles between them are approximately 109.5°, similar to methane (CH4).

The molecule CH2CHCH3 is also known as propene. It consists of a linear carbon chain, and the arrangement of atoms impacts its three-dimensional shape or conformation. Let's focus on the left-most carbon, which has two hydrogen atoms and two carbon atoms bonded to it.

Taking a look at this particular carbon, it shares three of its electrons with the hydrogen atoms as well as with the neighboring carbon atom in single, covalent bonds. The other electron forms a double bond with the middle carbon. This gives the left-most carbon a tetrahedral conformation. The sp³ hybridization of the carbon atom displays this tetrahedral geometry, with each atom around the carbon spaced in a way that angles between them are about 109.5°. This is similar to the molecule methane, CH4, which also has a tetrahedral geometry.

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Explanation:

Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with chemical formula [tex]{KNO}_3[/tex]. The shape of potassium nitrate is orthorhombic or regular prism.

Potassium nitrate has a large solubility difference in hot and cold water 2460 gram per litre at 100 degree celsius and 133 gram per litre at 0 degree celsius. Firstly we can dissolve potassium nitrate in hot water, and then let the water cool down.

On the either side, the quantity of nitrate will be greater than water is able to dissolve. So, the excess will come out from the solution as in the form of crystals. Crystals are usually formed by the microscopic particles and growing by regular layers of atoms are bond to one another.

Answer : The concentration of the [tex]NaOH[/tex] is, 0.209 M

Explanation :

Using neutralization law,

[tex]n_1M_1V_1=n_2M_2V_2[/tex]

where,

[tex]n_1[/tex] = basicity of an acid [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] = 2

[tex]n_2[/tex] = acidity of a base (NaOH) = 1

[tex]M_1[/tex] = concentration or molarity of [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] = 0.220 M

[tex]M_2[/tex] = concentration or molarity of NaOH = ?

[tex]V_1[/tex] = volume of [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] = 11.9 ml

[tex]V_2[/tex] = volume of NaOH = 25.0 ml

Now put all the given values in the above law, we get the concentration of the [tex]NaOH[/tex].

[tex]2\times 0.220M\times 11.9ml=1\times M_2\times 25.0ml[/tex]

[tex]M_2=0.209M[/tex]

Therefore, the concentration of the [tex]NaOH[/tex] is, 0.209 M

The alkene that would undergo acid-catalyzed hydration without rearrangement to give 1-methylcyclohexanol is 1-methylcyclohexene. During hydration, one of the carbon-carbon double bonds breaks, binds with hydrogen, and the other hydrogen forms a bond with the oxygen to form an alcohol.

The major product of the acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene without rearrangement is 1-methylcyclohexanol. This suggests that the initial alkene contains a double bond which would shift to form the alcohol after the reaction. By adding water and acid to an alkene, we have the general reaction mechanism:

Therefore, the structural formula of the alkene that would produce 1-methylcyclohexanol through an acid-catalyzed hydration reaction without rearrangement is 1-methylcyclohexene.

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Answer:

the anser is b

Explanation:

Asking a question is the answer

Answer: Option (2) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

In solid state, substances or elements that contain unpaired electrons are able to conduct heat and electricity.

This is because for conducting heat and electricity availability of free or unpaired electrons is necessary.

For example, atomic number of copper is 29 and its electronic distribution is 2, 8, 18, 1.

Whereas ionic compounds can only conduct heat and electricity when they are present in aqueous solution.

This is because then they are dissociated into ions.

Thus, we can conclude that Cu is the solid which most easily conduct electricity.

As shown in scheme attached below, Limonene (C₁₀H₁₆) contains two double bond one within the six membered ring and another outside the ring.

Hence, it is an unsaturated compound. As we know an Addition reaction takes place in unsaturated compounds. Therefore, an addition reaction called as Halogenation reation or more specifically Bromination reaction takes place when Limonene is treated with Bromine in the presence of inert solvent like tetrachloromethane.

The reaction is shown below, two moles of Br₂ are added across two double bonds of Limonene yielding a product with chemical formula C₁₀H₁₆Br₂.

The progress of this reaction can be easily be monitored as the color of Bromine discharges with the formation of tetrabromo product.

The major product formed when limonene reacts with bromine is tetra brominated limonene and that is attached in the image.

Further Explanation:

Electrophilic addition reaction is defined as an organic reaction in which an electrophile attacks on the electron-rich pi bond and add across the double bonds forming two new sigma bonds. An electrophile is an electron deficient species.

The reaction of alkene with bromine is an electrophilic addition reaction. The mechanism of addition can be illustrated in two steps. In the first step, [tex]{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}_{\text{2}}}[/tex] comes in the vicinity of olefin bond and being electrophilic it attacks on the electron-rich olefinic bond, forming a sigma bond to each of the olefinic bond. Such interaction results in formation of a bromonium ion intermediate that is three-membered intermediate rings.

In the second step, the strained three-membered ring then opens up such that the other bromine atom can attack at the electron-deficient carbon atom.

The limonene is a terpenoid that has olefinic bonds present inside the ring as well as on the side chain. The reaction of limonene with bromine is an electrophilic addition reaction

The mechanistic pathway and the stereospecific anti-addition of bromine to alkenes is described in the attached image.

This attack proceeds in a stereospecific manner such that only anti addition is allowed and the addition product has the trans stereochemistry.

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Answer details:

Grade: College

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Electrophilic addition reaction

Keywords: limonene, electrophilic addition, major product, olefin, anti-addition, anti-addition, stereospecific.

The molecular formula of a compound with the empirical formula SiH3 and a molar mass of 62 g is Si2H6.

The subject of the question is the molecular formula of the compound with the empirical formula SiH3 and a molar mass of 62 g. The empirical formula mass of this compound can be calculated from its components: Si stands for silicon, with an atomic mass of roughly 28 g/mol, and H stands for hydrogen, with an atomic mass of roughly 1 g/mol. So the total atomic mass of SiH3 would be 31 g/mol. Comparing this with the given molar mass of 62 g/mol, we can deduce that the molecule contains two empirical formula units. Therefore, the molecular formula should be Si2H6.

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Final answer:

An azeotrope is a mixture that retains the same composition in both liquid and vapor states when boiled. This property limits the purity of ethanol to about 95.6% through fractional distillation because the ethanol-water mixture's vapor composition becomes identical to the liquid. To surpass this azeotropic point and obtain higher purity ethanol, specialized techniques must be used.

Explanation:

An azeotrope is a mixture of two or more liquids that retains the same composition in the liquid and vapor states because it boils at a constant temperature. This occurs because the vapor has the same composition as the liquid mixture due to the specific intermolecular interactions between the different components. A common example is the azeotropic mixture of approximately 95.6% ethanol and 4.4% water by mass, which has a boiling point of 78.1 °C.

When attempting to obtain pure ethanol by fractional distillation, the presence of an azeotrope poses a limitation. Since the vapor generated from the azeotropic mixture has the same percentage composition as the liquid, the usual effectiveness of fractional distillation in separating substances based on different boiling points is thwarted. Therefore, achieving ethanol purity higher than 95.6% through conventional distillation is not possible due to the formation of this azeotrope with water.

Some other methods, like the addition of a third component to break the azeotrope or the use of molecular sieves for dehydration, are necessary to produce ethanol with higher purity. In the context of ethanol production, the presence of azeotropes is why standard distillation techniques cannot yield 100% pure ethanol, and additional treatments are needed to reach such high purity levels.

10.535 ₓ 10²³ molecules

Given data:

Moles of dihydrogen monoxide = 1.75

No. of molecules of dihydrogen monoxide = ?

Solution:

1 mole of solution = 6.02 ₓ 10²³ molecules

1.75 mole of solution = (6.02 ₓ 10²³) ₓ 1.75

                                   = 10.535 ₓ 10²³ molecules

Let us say that R is the major enantiomer, while S is the minor enantiomer, therefore the formula for enantiomeric excess (ee) is:

ee = (R – S) * 100%

Let us further say that the fraction of R is x (R = x), and therefore fraction of S is 1 – x (S = 1 – x), therefore:

75 = (x – (1 – x)) * 100

75 = 100 x – 100 + 100 x

200 x = 175

x = 0.875

Summary of answers:

R = major enantiomer = 0.875 or 87.5%

S = minor enantiomer = (1 – 0.875) = 0.125 or 12.5%