According to the federal regulations, which of the following studies meets the definition of research with human subjects?

Answer:

It shows that, as people grow in age, they are more stable emotionally, more cooperative and become less anxious.

Explanation:

Personality development means the habit of developing behaviors or attitudes in a manner that is specific to them. This makes someone distinct from other people.

Personality development has been found to be influenced by emotional or environmental factors.

Answer:

1998

Explanation:

Texas is the biggest holder of the republican party in America. Since 1994, every statewide elected office has held by a Republican. Both houses of the Texas Legislature feature Republican winning. The Republican party in Texas has not been an easy one it only grew popular in 1947. The Republicans won the Texas Senate in the early 1990s with the rise of George W. Bush as governor in 1994. In 1998 all the statewide became Republican along with winning the House for the first time in 2002.

Answer:

55 years and older.

Explanation:

Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that the age being mentioned in the statement is that of people age 55 years and older. People of this age or older are subject to "asset recover", meaning that in some cases, other family members could be held responsible for paying off the Medi-Cal expenditures that have been made.

Answer:

the scientific study of observable behaviors rather than mental processes

Explanation:

John B. Watson is considered one of the fathers of the school of behaviorism in psychology, he introduced this concept in a publication made in 1924.

According to behaviorism, psychology should focus in measurable and observable data instead of emotions and ideas that couldn't be observed and measured.

The aim of behaviorism was to make psychology an objective science that would focus on hard data and observable behaviors, the behaviorists considered this approach as a revolutionary one.

Therefore, we can say that the school of behaviorism emphasized the idea of the scientific study of observable behaviors rather than mental processes.

Note: All the other options given have to do with mental processes and therefore, non observable ones, thus, they can not be the correct answer to this question

Behaviorism emphasized the study of scientifically observable behaviors and the conditioning process linking stimuli with responses, without focusing on internal mental processes.

The early school or approach to psychology called behaviorism emphasized the scientific study of observable behaviors rather than mental processes. Behaviorism, which became prominent with the work of psychologists such as John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner, proposed that psychology should be an objective science without consideration for internal thoughts or feelings, which are not observable. Due to its empirical approach, behaviorism focuses on the principles of learning, specifically on the process of conditioning, linking environmental stimuli directly with behavioral responses.

Answer:

Give yourself a four second or me more cushion of space in front of your vehicle when following large vehicles that block your view of the road ahead.

Explanation:

Answer: Stuart and any third parties who are aware of the agency relationship

Explanation: The Agency must notify Stuart because he's their employee and it's the due process to follow to make it official.

The Agency must also notify third parties associated with Stuart and the agency in order for them to be cautious and to notify them that any further business conducted with Stuart is at their own risk.

Answer:

Formal operational

Explanation:

According to Jean Piaget theory of cognitive development, infants and adolescents go through different stages of cognitive development. During these stages they develop new cognitive skills and their thinking becomes more formal.

The last of these stages is known as the Formal Operational stage and it takes place from age 12. During these stage, the kids start to think in abstract and logic forms to address problems and come out with new solutions. During this stage, kids develop the ability to think about abstract concepts without their sense's aid. They also start thinking about the possible outcomes of their actions before they take place.

Thanks to this logical and abstract thinking, they can also start understanding and dealing with subjects such as algebra which requires them to be able to have an abstract thinking.

Therefore, it is during the formal operational stage of cognitive development is the mastery of logical and abstract thinking of paramount concern

Answer:

Human personal interaction is missing from these.

Explanation:

In the past, humans interacted through post cards, but they were predominantly a follow up to personal interaction. Today we spend most of our lives making connections online. In the past people spent most of their time and lives interacting in person with other people, thus enjoying the most human way of interacting with people.

Final answer:

The shift to online breakups lacks the emotional depth of face-to-face interactions, leaving many dissatisfied with the impersonal nature of digital communication during significant life events.

Explanation:

The nature of breakups and interpersonal relationships has significantly changed due to the growth of online communication. Traditional breakups that involved face-to-face interaction, with its rich array of emotional cues and personal connection, are progressively being replaced by digital methods such as texting and social media. This digital approach often lacks the non-verbal signals, the immediate emotional support, and the level of clarity that in-person conversations provide.

Face-to-face interactions allow individuals to rely on vocal tone, body language, and immediate emotional responses, which are all key components in conveying sincere empathy and understanding during significant life events like breakups. These interactions also provide a space for closure and personal growth, which may be subverted when a breakup occurs online with limited or no personal engagement. Anthropologist Ilana Gershon's findings suggest that many feel a sense of dissatisfaction with the impersonal nature of digitally-mediated breakups, highlighting a desire for more traditional, emotionally connected practices.

Answer:

C. Disclose their potential COI and may answer questions, but recuse themselves from voting

Explanation:

Disclose their potential conflict of interest and may answer questions, but recuse themselves from voting because the conflict of interest management plan aims at providing procedures or extras steps to be taken to reduce the risk of bias when a conflict of interest is disclosed.

A researcher's membership on an advisory board with an organization sponsoring research can create a conflict of interest because it may be difficult for the researcher to appear neutral, as the researcher may have an interest in the research's success

Answer:

Civil service system

Explanation:

Texas adopted the civil service, a system of employment that hires and promote public employees (in the Police and Fire departments) based on merit . Over hundred thousand applications are received on a yearly basis which are usually being evaluated against over 2,300 positions.  

Apart from direct employee hire by the city departments, the Texas civil service system provides guidelines for recruitment and verifies employment exams that would be taken during the process. They also provide steps to handle appeals on termination and promotion of internal staff.

Answer: B) the informal connections among individuals within groups

Explanation:

Social network is defined as the connections or links that is established between the individuals through contact and interaction on a social platform.These links are formed in informal way in a group for different purpose like business, relationship, friendship etc.

Other options are incorrect because no particular regulations are used for building group.Social network does not display diversity, distinguishable  information and skills of individual in any group. Thus, the correct option is option(B)

Answer:learned behavior

Explanation:

The Behavioral Perspective: is a perpective that focuses on a behavior that can be observed.

For example a person who had been beaten by a snake or a dog before will learn a fear of dogs or snakes because they associate these animals with his or her previous experience when the person was beaten.

Behavioral perspective focuses on observing human behaviour and environmental stimuli around them.

Behavioral perspective suggests that if one knows the stimuli they can predict the resulting behavior. This perspective takes into consideration the role played by nurture in our development

This perspective state that our behavior is determined by environmental stimuli to which we are exposed .

Behaviourists study learned behaviour focusing on observable, measurable phenomena. Influential people in behaviourism like B. F. Skinner and John Watson emphasized the environment's role in shaping behavior. Behaviors can be innate or learned, where learned behaviors are central to the study of behaviorism.

Behaviourists study learned behavior. They focus on observable, measurable phenomena and believe personality is significantly shaped by environmental reinforcements and consequences. This perspective contrasts with the psychodynamic approaches of Freud who focused on understanding the unconscious mind.

Some influential figures in behaviourism include B. F. Skinner and John Watson. Skinner believed that the environment was solely responsible for all behavior. Watson, often considered the father of behaviorism, emphasized studying overt behavior and the objecivity of psychological study.

Behaviours can be categorized into innate behaviors, which are strongly genetic and independent of environment, such as reflexes, and learned behaviors which are modified by environmental conditioning example, cognitive learning and conditioning. This concept of learned behaviours is central to the study of behaviourism.

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Answer:

decrease; $1 decrease

Explanation

When tax imposed on any good or commodity its price increases due to which its supply decreases.

Answer:

C. To emphasize Santiago's strength and stamina

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

whether or not you received the vaccination

Final answer:

Employers must provide a written report within 15 days after employee exposure, which includes recommendations and any medical conditions related to exposure. It should not contain unrelated personal medical information. Companies also report adverse drug experiences quickly to ensure safety monitoring in healthcare.

Explanation:

When an employee is exposed to a potential health hazard in the workplace, the employer must provide a copy of the evaluating healthcare professional's written opinion within 15 days after the assessment. This report is crucial for understanding both the immediate and long-term risks posed by the exposure and the necessary steps to mitigate them.

The written report provided by the employer must include several important elements. Firstly, it should contain recommendations regarding medical follow-up for the exposed employee. It may also outline any medical conditions related to the exposure that require further evaluation or treatment. Importantly, the written opinion should not reveal specific findings or diagnoses unrelated to occupational exposure.

In the context of pharmaceuticals and healthcare, adverse events after drug approval must be monitored and reported. Companies are required to submit serious and unexpected adverse drug experience reports within 15 days. Understanding these procedures highlights the importance of safety monitoring in healthcare and provides assurance that there are systematic processes in place to protect employees and patients after exposure to health hazards.

Answer:

This segmentation approach is an example of Usage Rate Segmentation.

Explanation:

Market Segmentation:

It is a process in which a business or a company divides its market into different segments on the basis of demography, behavior of customers and other factors.

Answer: asymmetric information

Explanation: This phenomenon happens when there is a knowledge gap between two parties, meaning when one party has more knowledge about a subject matter than the other. For example a property owner who wants to sell a particular property has more information about the property than the buyer. This problem is common in the financial industry, for example a loan officer has all the information and conditions that surrounds giving out a loan than the customer taking the loan. This situation could lead to making decisions with negative repercussions.

The scenario where people have more information about their own health than insurance companies, thus leading to high-risk individuals being more likely to seek insurance, is referred to as the Adverse Selection Problem. This creates an information imbalance disadvantageous to insurers that can be mitigated by grouping individuals into risk categories or through government regulations.

The situation where people know more about their health than insurance companies, leading to those who are seriously ill being more likely to want to obtain health insurance, is known as the Adverse Selection Problem. Under this circumstance, insurance buyers have more vital information about whether they are high-risk or low-risk compared to the insurance company. This poses an asymmetric information problem for the insurer, as high-risk buyers tend to purchase more insurance without notifying the insurance company about their elevated risk. Examples are common in life and health insurance where someone buying the insurance probably knows more about their family's health history than an insurer can reasonably discover, even with a costly investigation.

Rather than facing the Adverse Selection Problem, insurance companies opt for either not selling insurance to high-risk buyers or grouping buyers into risk groups and charging them accordingly. Regulations also play a significant role, with the government influencing the insurance industry with laws that require low risk people to buy insurance. Another approach is selling insurance through an employer, thus mixing together high-risk and lower-risk individuals, reducing the fear of attracting only those with high risks.

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Answer:microaggressions

Explanation: Let us say an Asian or Indian American student delivered a speech in class and a professor compliment this student for his or her perfect English but only to find that the person was actual born and raised in America and English is their first langauge. A white woman sees a black man passes by and hold their hand bag to tight , this person is reminded of a racial stereotype. A woman in a meeting keeps getting cut by male colleagues when she is trying to lead a meeting

These situation are a representation of how people tend to be bias towards marginalized group of people in a way that is offensive and insulting to that person from a marginalized group ; this is microaggression.

This is an example of a 'microaggression', a comment or action subtly conveying prejudice, by suggesting it's unusual for someone of Jamal's racial group to be 'well spoken'.

The situation described in the question is an example of a microaggression. A microaggression is a comment or action subtly and often unconsciously expressing a prejudiced attitude toward a marginalized group member (such as racial or ethnic minorities). These comments, like saying someone is 'well spoken' based on their race, subtly imply that it's unusual for someone of that racial group to have such qualities. It perpetuates harmful stereotypes and can significantly impact those who experience them.

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Albert Bandura helped develop the social learning theory. He would believe that observation is critical to achievement.

Albert Bandura emphasized that self-efficacy is the critical factor influencing student achievement. Students with high self-efficacy are more likely to be motivated and tackle challenges, while teacher expectations can affect student performance through the Pygmalion effect.

The critical factor that Albert Bandura states in whether or not students achieve is self-efficacy. Self-efficacy, defined as the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations, plays a pivotal role in student motivation and achievement.

Bandura's theory suggests that students' beliefs about their own abilities greatly influence their approach to challenges and their persistence in the face of obstacles. Teacher expectations also have a significant impact on student achievement, creating a form of a self-fulfilling prophecy known as the Pygmalion effect, where students internalize and live up to the expectations set for them.

To promote self-efficacy, it is necessary for teachers to create an environment where effort is recognized, and students are encouraged to take on challenges with the belief that they can succeed.

This involves setting tasks at the appropriate level of difficulty, using reliable assessments, and framing feedback to emphasize internal, controllable factors like effort and strategy use. When students perceive their successes and failures as being within their control, they are more likely to be motivated and to persevere in their academic endeavors.

Answer:

The relationships among the variables are too weak to have practical application.

Explanation:

Here, the research hypothesis states that there is a significant positive relationship between reports of sleep adequacy and the performance on a driving test. However, one needs to look at the given r value to understand the correlation between the variables. Here, r value is reported to be 0.21 so it is a positive value but a weak one. R value needs to be over 0.3 at least to consider it a moderate correlation. Hence, it is a weak positive correlation. However, we also must look at the p value to establish its significance. P value need to be less than 0.05 in general to consider a result significant. Here, it is reported to be 0.37 which means that the relationship among the two variables is too weak to have practical application and is not significant to be considered for application.

Answer:

Social facilitation

Explanation:

Social facilitation: In social psychology, the term social facilitation is defined as the phenomenon in which an individual tends to perform in a better way on a particular task when he or she is around the other person. The term social facilitation was originally introduced by Norman Triplett during 1898 and therefore it was named or labelled as social facilitation by a famous psychologist named Floyd Allport during 1920.

In other words, it is defined as a process in which an individual's performance is being affected or facilitated due to the mere presence of the other person in either a good or a bad way.

In the question above, the given statement leads to the concept of social facilitation.

Answer:

c. catatonic symptoms

Explanation:

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder. People with schizophrenia usually experience distortions of reality, often experiencing delusions or hallucinations.

One of the symptoms they experience are the catatonic symptoms, these catatonic symptoms refer to unusual styles and levels of physical movement.

The main catatonic symptoms that can be present in someone with schizophrenia are:

In this example Milton takes awkward postures for hours of end (this is an example of posturing) and allows himself to be arranged by others (this is an example of waxy flexibility). Therefore, he is presenting the catatonic symptoms of schizophrenia.

Answer:

d)a psychological construct

Explanation:

According to the chapter, closeness is a psychological construct. The extent to which a partner includes the perspective of the other in his or her self concept. In a study titled "The path to closeness:  A mediational model for  overcoming the risks of  increasing closeness" by Jennifer M. Tomlinson  and Arthur Aron published in 2013. it was also stated that closeness is a psychological construct.

Answer:

The correct option is D) Investigational Device Exemption requirements

Explanation:

An Investigational Device Exemption allows the usage of an investigatory device for safety and collecting effective data which is required for premarket approval. Clinical evaluation for devices that have not been used for marketing requires an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) approved by the institutional review board (IRB). Investigations which are done under the IDE regulation require different regulatory controls according to the level of risk.

Answer:

Productivity

Explanation:

Campbell in his model postulated three determinants of job performance which are; Declarative knowledge (DK) , Procedural knowledge and skill (PKS) , Motivation (M)

These three determinants of job performance are further broken down to the following;

Job specific proficiency

Demonstrating efforts

Maintaining personal discipline

Facilitating peer and teen performance

Non-job-specific task proficiency

communication task proficiency

Supervision/leadership and

Management/administration/

This does not include productivity

Campbell's hierarchical model of job performance focuses on three factors: motivation, ability, and environment, as key to employee performance. In comparison, the Job Characteristics Model by Hackman and Oldham centers on how five core job dimensions induce three critical psychological states, leading to positive work outcomes. Experienced meaningfulness is highlighted as the most crucial psychological state affecting employee attitudes.

According to Campbell's hierarchical model of job performance, job performance is viewed as a function of three major factors: motivation, ability, and environment. This perspective posits that these elements are critical determinants in guiding how an employee performs in a workplace setting. In contrast, the Job Characteristics Model, proposed by Hackman and Oldham, focuses on how five core job dimensions lead to three critical psychological states, which are deemed instrumental in achieving positive work-related outcomes such as high performance, job satisfaction, and low absenteeism.

The three psychological states emphasized in the Job Characteristics Model are: experiencing work as meaningful, feeling responsible for work outcomes, and acquiring knowledge of results. These states are fostered by the presence of the five core job dimensions, ultimately affecting employee attitudes and behaviors towards work. It's important to note that out of these psychological states, experienced meaningfulness is highlighted as the most vital for influencing employee attitudes and behaviors.

Answer:

D. Humanistic psychology is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Answer:

Shift to the right

Explanation:

The AD curve will shift to the right because the increase in government expenditure will boost aggregate demand. For example, if the government spends more on infraestructure, more people will be hired in the construction industry, and they will receive wages that will be spent on goods and services.

Besides, in this case the Fed will have increased the money supply as well. An increase in the money supply leads to more employment because there are more funds available to invest and spend. As companies invest more, they hire more people.

Answer:

Explanation:

You should slow down by 5 to 10 miles per hour to allow the vehicle pass

A PWC must be operated in a reasonable and prudent manner. It is illegal to all the three mentioned points.

Explanation:

Weaving a PWC through congested waterway traffic may lead to fatal accidents due to narrow water path ways or some kind of obstruction. One must look for the clear waterway traffic to weave.

One should not operate in a manner that requires swerving at the last possible moment to avoid collision as doing so, again, may result in fatal accidents. It is always better for the operator to play safe while weaving a PWC as there is a very low chance of survival if, unfortunately, one meets with water accidents.

Again, it is never a good idea to jump the wake of another vessel unreasonably or unnecessarily close to that vessel or when visibility is obstructed as the visibility might be just an illusion which may result in unknowingly welcomed fatal accidents.  

The question concerns the proper operation of a Personal Watercraft (PWC), with the stated violations including weaving through traffic, last-minute swerving, and dangerously jumping wakes. Such actions are illegal due to the risk they pose.

A PWC or Personal Watercraft must be used in accordance with specific rules to ensure safety and legality. According to these rules, actions that are considered illegal when operating a PWC include: A) Weaving your PWC through congested waterway traffic; B) Swerving at the last possible moment to avoid collision (such as spraying another person or vessel, or playing "chicken"); and C) Jumping the wake of another vessel unreasonably or unnecessarily close to that vessel or when visibility is obstructed. These practices are illegal because they can result in dangerous situations and potential accidents.

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Answer: D)  All of the above

Explanation:

Triage process is defined as the sorting process in which children are distributed according to the priority of urgency and emergency treatment.People who persist emergency sign are treated immediately ,without any delay.

Priority conditioned children are given immediate attention to assess and check them.Children are considered as non-urgent cases who can wait in queue for their turn to get assessed.

All the options are correct because this type of mechanism can get followed at critical time that is urgent and sensitive situation,low resourced cases and in presence of numerous injured people.

The triage process is most effective in situations where there are more injured people than rescuers, resources are limited, and time is critical, which is answer D: All of the above.

Triage is the process of sorting survivors according to the severity of their injuries. The triage process is especially effective in situations where: D. All of the above.

This includes when there are more injured people than rescuers, when there are limited resources, and when time is critical.

Just like the decisions made by emergency workers during a disaster, within the context of retrofitting buildings for earthquake safety, triage is applied to prioritize the reinforcement of critical structures. It allows for efficient use of constrained resources to maximize survival and maintain essential services.