Where does aerobic respiration take place in prokaryotes?
Aerobic respiration in prokaryotes occurs in the cell membrane, as they lack mitochondria. Not all prokaryotes use aerobic respiration; some are anaerobic or facultatively anaerobic, adjusting their metabolic process according to the presence of oxygen.
Aerobic respiration in prokaryotes, which includes bacteria and archaea, takes place in the cell membrane as they lack the organelles found in eukaryotes. Unlike eukaryotes, where aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria, prokaryotes carry out this process on their cell membrane since they do not possess membrane-bound organelles. It's important to note that not all prokaryotes are capable of aerobic respiration; some are strictly anaerobic or can switch between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism (facultative anaerobes). However, for those prokaryotes that do engage in aerobic respiration, the cell membrane is the site where the electron transport chain is located, and where ATP is generated by oxidizing nutrients using oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
Which of the following describe(s) the role of cytotoxic T cells in the specific immune response?
I. They kill cancer cells.
II. They kill cells infected by viruses.
III. They interact with MHC-I molecules
A.II only
B.II and III only
C.I and II only
D.I and III only
E.I, II, and III
Answer: Option E is the correct answer
Explanation:
T cells are part of the adaptive immune system and have a large repertoire of receptors that allow their activation or inhibition. T lymphocytes or T cells have the ability to recognize and lyse (kill) infected or transformed cells; these transform cells could include cancer or tumor cells. This recognition is due to the contact of the T cell receptors (principally the T cell receptor) with the Major Histocompatibility Complex molecule I (also known as MHC I). When cells are infected or are transformed, the expression of these MHC I molecules are altered, and therefore it is detected by T cells as something “abnormal” and therefore release molecules that cause cell death, such as perforin, granzymes, IFN-γ and the Tumor Necrosis Factor-α. Therefore, T cells can kill cancer or infected cells and interact with MHC-I molecules.
Which is an example of a eukaryote? A) Euglena B) AIDS virus C) lactobacillus Eliminate D) cyanobacteria
Final answer:
The example of a eukaryote from the provided options is A) Euglena. Euglenophytes such as Euglena have a nucleus enclosed within a membrane, which is a defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells. The other options are either prokaryotes or viruses, which are not eukaryotes.
Explanation:
The example of a eukaryote from the given choices is A) Euglena. Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within a membrane, along with various other specialized organelles. Euglenophytes, including Euglena, are unicellular, aquatic organisms that have characteristics of algae and fall under the domain Eukarya, possessing a distinct nucleus. In contrast:
B) AIDS virus (HIV) is not a eukaryote; it is a virus, which lacks a cell structure and is considered neither a prokaryote nor a eukaryote.C) Lactobacillus is a genus of bacteria, so it is a prokaryote.D) Cyanobacteria are also prokaryotes as they lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.Therefore, the correct answer to the question is A) Euglena.
1. Pigs have 38 chromosomes. Cells created during mitosis will have _____.
A<19 chromosomes
B<38 chromosomes
C<76 chromosomes
2.Dominant genes _____.
A
B
C
B
3.Humans have 46 chromosomes. A human egg cell has _____.
A<23 chromosomes
B<46 chromosomes
C<92 chromosomes
4.How can mutation positively help organisms?
A
B
C
Answer:
1.A:19 3.A:23
Explanation:
I'm sorry but i do not know what 2. and 4 means.
I know 1. and 3. because it was in biology.
Final answer:
1. Cells created during mitosis will have 38 chromosomes. 2. Dominant genes are expressed when there is at least one copy of the dominant allele present. 3. A human egg cell will have 23 chromosomes. 4. Mutation can positively help organisms by leading to the development of new traits and increasing genetic diversity.
Explanation:
1. Cells created during mitosis will have B<38 chromosomes because mitosis is a type of cell division that results in the production of two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Therefore, if pigs have 38 chromosomes, the cells created during mitosis will also have 38 chromosomes.
2. Dominant genes can be represented by the letter B. Dominant genes are expressed when there is at least one copy of the dominant allele present in the genotype. This means that the dominant gene will be observed in the phenotype, even if there is also a recessive gene present.
3. A human egg cell will have A<23 chromosomes. This is because during meiosis, the process of cell division that produces gametes, the number of chromosomes is halved. As humans have 46 chromosomes in their somatic cells, the egg cell will have half that number, which is 23 chromosomes.
4. Mutation can positively help organisms in several ways. For example, a mutation can lead to the development of new traits, which can provide an advantage in a changing environment. Mutations can also increase genetic diversity within a population, which can enhance the ability of the population to adapt to different conditions.
What are body parts similar in origin and structure called
Which of the following rocks forms from shells and calcium carbonate?
limestone
halite
mudstone
coal
Answer:
limestone
Explanation:
The transmission electron microscope is most useful for
1. looking at the surface features of a virus
2. seeing animal tissue that is visible to the naked eye
3. studying the structures of a live paramecium
4. viewing a cell’s mitochondria in detail ...?
1. looking at the surface features of a virus
Explanation;Electron microscopes are types of microscopes that uses a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify objects up to 500,000 times the actual size. These microscopes have a higher resolving power than the light microscopes since they use electrons.There are two types of electron microscopes ; that is Scanning Electron Microscope and Transmission Electron Microscope. Transmission electron microscope are used for studying internal structures of cells. In these microscopes electromagnets are used to magnify the image by passing a beam of electrons through a thin specimen.Answer:
A looking at the surface features of a virus.
Explanation:
Population growth is limited by density-dependent factors such as _____.
predation and disease
volcanoes and earthquakes
droughts and floods
biotic and abiotic factors
The correct answer is predation and disease.
Density dependent factors are those factors, which are directly influenced by the density of a population. These factors directly influence the size and the growth of the population.
The predation and the disease are density dependent factors, as predation of a small density population would cause a significant decrease in number, so, predation is the limiting factor for the growth of the population. Same for diseases, the disease can affect most of the members of the population, and limiting its growth.
The changes in the environment and the natural calamities are density independent factor.
Food chains and webs not only describe the order organisms are eaten, but they also describe the _____.
a. flow of energy in an ecosystem.
b. importance of the ecosystem.
c. health of the ecosystem.
d. animals that are all related.
Which of these would BEST describe what would happen to a cell in a time of low nutrient supply?
a. The cell's growth would speed up significantly, leading to longer periods of time between cell division.
b. The cell's growth would slow down significantly, leading to longer periods of time between cell division. Eliminate
c. The cell's growth would speed up significantly, leading to shorter periods of time between cell division.
d. The cell's growth would slow down significantly, leading to shorter periods of time between cell division.
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are similar in all of these aspects except
Answer:
the answer is The way in which the genetic material is found.
Explanation:
The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that in prokaryotic cells, the genetic material is not separated from the cytoplasm since they lack a defined nucleus, so the genetic material is dispersed in its cytoplasm, while the eukaryotes present the genetic material organized in chromosomes surrounded by a membrane that separates them from the cytoplasm.
What would happen if gametes were not haploid?
a. The offspring would have half the number of chromosomes it is supposed to have.
b. The offspring would have double the number of chromosomes it is supposed to have.
c. The offspring would be genetically identical to it's parent.
d. The offspring would be genetically different from it's parent.
Which statement about the cell membrane is true?
A.It contains cellulose and sugars that are involved in communication.
B.It is present in animal cells only.
C.It is rigid and elastic for supporting the cell’s shape.
D.It prevents harmful substances from entering a cell.
Answer:
Option D
Explanation:
All cells including that of plants, animals, microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae etc. consists of cell membrane. In-fact some of the internal cell organelles are also bound by membrane.
Cell membrane is made up of phospholipid bi-layers which consist of two essential components – a) proteins and b) Phospholipids.
This membrane is semi –permeable which means they can allow few substances to pass through it while restricts the passage of others.
Hence, it protects the cell from harmful substance in its surrounding.
Thus, option D is correct.
Thus, option D is correct.
In humans, a combination of cx chromosomes results in a female zygote and that of xy results in male zygote from whom does a male zygote inherit an X chromosome
WILL UPVOTE ALL ANSWERS
A geologist's job includes:
determining the living organisms occupying an area
determining the chemicals cycling through an area
determining the history of an area
determining the magnitude of light in an area
Which physical factors MOST influence a marine biome?
A) tides, oxygen, costal hotel development
B) sunlight, fishing boats, whale population
C) wave motion, salinity, atmospheric pressure
D) plankton, water temperature, sand composition
Glucose will pass through a cell membrane with the aid of what?
The average corn yield per acre has _______ during the last forty years.
The average corn yield per acre has doubled during the last forty years.
corn yields are coming in anywhere from 130 bushels per acre (bu/acre) to 260 bu/acre, as an stadistic data.
During diffusion molecules move in what type of motion
it moves from higher to lower concentration
What are chromosomes?
A. Strands of DNA wrapped around proteins
B. Any organism that contains DNA
C. The alleles that cause certain traits
D. A form of virus that infects cells
As blood is filtered in the excretory system, which of the following functions like a recycling center?
A.the bladder
B.Bowman's capsule
C.tubules in the kidney
D.ureters between the kidney and the bladder
Answer: C. tubules in the kidney
The chief function of kidney is the production of urine. Kidney is the excretory system of the body. The blood being filtered by the glomerulus of the nephron reaches to the renal tubule in order to reabsorb water, glucose, nutrients and ions such as sodium. All these components are reabsorbed back into the blood. Therefore, tubules in the kidney functions like a recycling center as they allow the reabsorption and reuse of valuable components before they are excreted out along with urine.
A membrane which limits the type of molecules which will pass through it is called .
A membrane which limits the type of molecules which will pass through it is called a semi permeable membrane.
A semipermeable membrane is a membrane which can be biological or artificial, that will allow the movement of certain molecules through them by diffusion. Several factors such as pressure, concentration, temperature of the molecules on each side, and also the permeability of the membrane to each solute determine the rate of passage of the molecules.
Geologists discovered fossil evidence of mesohippus, an ancestor of the modern horse. Mesohippus lived in North America about 40 million years ago. Mesohippus was about two feet tall, ran on hooves with three toes, and had large, grinding teeth. What statement is BEST supported by the fossil evidence? A) Ancient horses were once carnivores. B) Horses have evolved over the last 40 million years. C) Horses migrated from South America into North America. D) Modern-day horses share a common ancestor with all mammals.
Answer: B: Horses have envoled over the last 40 million years
Explanation:
which statement best describes the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?
a. the anterior pituitary gland makes hormones that are released by the hypothalamus
b. the hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that promote the release of particular hormones from the anterior pituitary
c. the hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that promote the release of particular hormones from the posterior pituitary
d. the posterior pituitary sends nervous signals to the hypothalamus to prompt the release of hormones
The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that stimulate or inhibit hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary; the posterior pituitary stores and releases hypothalamic-produced hormones.
Explanation:The correct answer to the question about the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland is choice b. The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that promote the release of particular hormones from the anterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary manufactures seven hormones, of which the production is regulated by the hypothalamic hormones through the hypophyseal portal system. These hypothalamic hormones can either be releasing or inhibiting, thereby controlling the amount of hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary. Conversely, the posterior pituitary does not make hormones but stores and releases hormones like ADH and oxytocin, which are produced by the hypothalamus.
The plasma membrane, according to the fluid-mosaic model is composed mainly of What and Proteins
Which of the following two cycles are the most closely related in their role in sustaining life?
a.
carbon and nitrogen
b.
water and nitrogen
c.
carbon and oxygen
d.
nitrogen and phosphorus
Please Please help me!!!
On the New York seismograph, the first P wave was recorded at 9:01 UTC. UTC is the international standard on which most countries base their time. At what time (UTC) did the earthquake actually occur? Explain.
The recorded time of the first P wave on the New York seismograph was 9:01 UTC. However, considering the travel time of P waves, the earthquake actually occurred at 9:00 UTC, with the one-minute difference accounting for the waves' transit time.
Explanation:The New York seismograph recorded the first P wave at 9:01 UTC, indicating the initiation of the seismic activity. However, P waves are the fastest seismic waves and are the initial signals of an earthquake. The time lag between the P wave detection and the actual earthquake occurrence is due to the travel time of the seismic waves from the earthquake epicenter to the seismograph station.
To determine the actual time of the earthquake, we need to consider the travel time of the P waves. The P waves typically travel at an average speed of about 6 to 7 kilometers per second through the Earth's interior. Using the formula Time = Distance/Speed, we can calculate the time it took for the P wave to reach the seismograph station. Assuming a distance of 0 km (since it's the local station), the time is approximately 1.5 to 1.7 seconds. Subtracting this travel time from the recorded time of 9:01 UTC gives us the actual time of the earthquake, which is 9:00 UTC.
In summary, the 1-minute discrepancy between the recorded P wave and the actual earthquake time is attributed to the travel time of the seismic waves. By accounting for this travel time, we can accurately determine when the earthquake occurred, in this case, at 9:00 UTC.
in human excess blood glucose is stored in the liver and in muscle tissues in form of glycogen.glycogen is a long chain of glucose molecules bonded together.because of this glycogen is called a
The correct answer is that because of this glycogen is called a polysaccharide.
Hope this helps! :)
17. Replication, transcription, and translation
A.
all refer to the synthesis of macromolecules.
B.
refer to RNA synthesis, DNA synthesis, and protein synthesis, respectively.
C.
require the synthesis of polysaccharides.
D.
would be expected to be exergonic reactions.
E.
all use nucleotides as building blocks.
...?
Replication, transcription, and translation correspond to DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis, and protein synthesis, respectively, and they are crucial anabolic processes that facilitate the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.
Explanation:When it comes to replication, transcription, and translation, these terms refer to different processes within a cell but are all centered around the handling of genetic information and the synthesis of biomolecules.
Replication refers to the process of copying DNA before cell division, ensuring that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic instructions. Replication is considered an anabolic process as it builds new molecules - in this case, DNA.
Transcription is when the information in DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA). This RNA synthesis lays the groundwork for making a specific protein.
Lastly, translation is the process where ribosomes read the information on mRNA and synthesize proteins. During this process, amino acids are linked together to form polypeptides, which fold into functional proteins. Translation is also considered an anabolic process.
Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question, '17. Replication, transcription, and translation,' would be B. They refer to RNA synthesis, DNA synthesis, and protein synthesis, respectively.
DNA is spread out in the nucleus of a cell of non-dividing cells it is called ___________