An elderly woman with a history of coronary bypass comes in with severe, diffuse, abdominal pain. strangely, during your examination, the pain is not made worse by pressing on the abdomen. what do you suspect?

DNA replication is the process of doubling a DNA double chain. In cells, DNA replication occurs before cell division. Prokaryotes continually replicate DNA. In eukaryotes, the timing of DNA replication is highly regulated, ie in the S phase of the cell cycle, before mitosis or meiosis I. The multiplication utilizes the DNA polymerase enzyme which helps form bonds between the nucleotides that make up the DNA polymer. The process of DNA replication can also be carried out in vitro in a process called a polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

A slow strand (Lagging strand) is a DNA strand located on the opposite side of the leading strand on the replication fork. These strands are synthesized in segments called Okazaki fragments. In this string, primases form RNA primers. The DNA polymerase can thus use OH 3 'free groups in the RNA primer to synthesize DNA in the direction of 5' → 3 '. The primary RNA fragments are then removed (for example by RNase H and DNA Polymerase I) and new deoxyribonucleotides are added to fill the gaps that were previously occupied by RNA. DNA ligase then connects the Okazaki fragments so that the synthesis of lagging strands is complete.

Primers both on the steering strand and on the lagging strand will elongate with the help of Holoenzyme DNA polymerase III. This multisubunit complex is a dimer, half will work on the steering strand and the other half will work on lagging strands. Thus, the synthesis of the two strands will run at the same speed.

Each dimer part of the two strands consists of subunit a, which has the actual polymerase function, and subunit e, which has an editing function in the form of exonuclease 3'– 5 ’. In addition, there is a subunit b that attaches polymerase to DNA.

Once the primers in the remaining strand are removed by DNA polymerase III, they will be removed immediately and the gaps caused by the loss of the primer are filled with DNA polymerase I, which has 5 '- 3' polymerase activity, 5 '- 3' exonuclease, and editing 3 exonuclease '- 5'. Eksonuklease 5 '- 3' discard the primer, while the polymerase will fill the gap caused. Finally, the Okazaki fragments will be united by the DNA ligase enzyme. In vivo, the dimoenzyme DNA polymerase III and primosomes are believed to form large complexes called replisomes. With the replisom DNA synthesis will take place at 900 bp per second.

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Grade:  College

Subject:  Biology

keywords: DNA, RNA, replication.

Primers should be located in the 5' end of the sequence because only in this direction, DNA polymerase enzyme work properly.  

Further Explanation:

DNA synthesis is a very organized and highly systemic process. The addition of bases in both strands takes place from 5’ to 3’ end of the new DNA strand using all the DNA polymerase. The only difference is the continuous and discontinuous synthesis of DNA in leading and lagging strands, respectively. Three types of DNA polymerase are found, and each has some specific function during DNA replication. A common feature of all three polymerases is the addition of nucleotides from 5’ to 3’ direction of the new DNA strand.

DNA primase plays an essential role in the synthesis of primers. These primers, in turn, are used by DNA polymerase to synthesize new strands. DNA polymerase requires primers to start the synthesis of the new strands. Enzyme primase is responsible for the synthesis of these primers. In vitro DNA synthesis occurs with the help of PCR. To amplify a genetic sequence with the help of polymerase chain reaction require a reverse primer and forward primer.

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Grade: High School

Subjects: Biology

Chapter: Molecular Biology

Keywords:

DNA polymerase, synthesis, primer, PCR, forward, primer, continuous, strand, systemic feature, leading lagging, replication, primase.

Acid mine drainage occurs when surface water infiltrates spoil banks where it reacts with pyrite to create sulfuric acid, contaminating groundwater and surface water supplies.

Acid mine drainage is a major environmental concern associated with mining. It occurs when surface water infiltrates spoil banks where it chemically reacts with minerals, primarily pyrite, to create sulfuric acid. When various forms of mining, including strip-mined coal beds, expose these spoil banks to moisture and oxygen, the process is activated. This leads to contamination of surrounding groundwater and surface water supplies, negatively impacting ecosystems and potentially human health.

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Answer:

C

Explanation:

DNA polymerase inserts a wrong base

Answer:

DNA ligase taking apart chunks of DNA

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer is option A, Improved respiratory health of local residents

Explanation:

A coal plant produces lot of harmful gases as waste in to the atmosphere which is very dangerous to all forms of living beings and cause lot many respiratory disease especially in the human beings. But when it will be replaced by a nuclear plant which is a sort  of renewable source of energy, produces energy as a consequence of continuous fission reaction without any harmful by product formation

ALTERNATIVE Answer:

Reduced greenhouse gas emissions

Answer:

A catalyst accelerates a chemical reaction in a cell.

The answer is;  have extensive root systems

Most grasses have ‘runner’ roots which are stems of the plant that grow horizontally below the soil surface. The buds on the stem are what gro to the leaves that emerge from the soil surface and we see as grass blades. Adventitious roots also grow downwards from this stem. Wildfires are not able to  reach the stem and roots under the soil surface so grass can easily regrow even if the blades are destroyed.  

Answer:

have extensive root systems

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer is option A. Fish ladders

Explanation:

Fish ladders are a stair-like structure that gives the passage to the migrating fish to get around a dam  to their destinations. As dams are an obstruction to fishes like salmon that migrate in the river upstream to breed, fish ladders have been created to allow the fish to get to their destinations by providing a passage around the dam.

Thus, the correct answer is option A. Fish ladder.

The correct answer is A. Fish ladders.

Explanation

A fish ladder is the name given to the canal or structure found some reservoirs or dams, that connects it with the current of the river. These systems were created to prevent fish from being trapped in the reservoirs and therefore, prevents fish are unable to find their food and live in the rivers. Additionally, fish ladders are the main way to guarantee fish can migrate to other places which is essential for natural biological processes such as reproduction. So, the correct answer is A. Fish ladders.

Facilitated diffusion is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane via transport proteins without energy input, following their concentration gradient. Materials like glucose and amino acids are the prime examples and use carrier or channel proteins, such as aquaporins for osmosis, to cross the membrane.

Facilitated diffusion is a process where polar molecules or ions pass through the cellular membrane with the aid of specific transport proteins. Unlike active transport, this process does not require energy because molecules move down their concentration gradient. Examples of facilitated diffusion include the transport of glucose and amino acids across a cell membrane. Transport proteins that are involved in facilitated diffusion can be channel proteins or carrier proteins.

For instance, glucose will bind with a specific transport protein, forming a complex that can cross the cell membrane. Similarly, aquaporins are channel proteins that enable water molecules to pass through the membrane, assisting in osmosis.

When mediated transport involves two substances using the same channel protein, it can be referred to as symport or antiport dynamics, depending on the direction of transport for each of the substances.

The branch of the anterior ramus that contains autonomic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system is called ventral ramus of spinal nerve.

Explanation:

Ventral ramus is a spinal nerve that mostly contains the neurons in nervous system which is a part of the somatic nervous system.

Information is always carried from the brain to different organs. The autonomic neurons without any conscious effort acts systematically. The ventral ramus supply the antero lateral parts of the trunk and the limbs .

Priming occurs when presentation of one stimulus facilitates the reply to one another stimulus.  In  the category "fruit," every person  give a higher typicality points to "banana" than to "kiwi." Knowing that, we can also reason that the word "fruit" will lead to a bigger priming result for banana than for kiwi.  

"As we age, immune system weakens. Lifestyle, chronic conditions, medications affect susceptibility. Discuss with healthcare provider for personalized care."

1. "It's understandable to be concerned about your mother's recent health challenges. Several factors could contribute to her increased susceptibility to infections as she ages."

2. "One significant factor is the natural decline in the immune system's function as we grow older. This decline, known as immunosenescence, can make older adults more vulnerable to infections."

3. "Additionally, lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and sleep patterns can influence immune function. Changes in these areas over time may impact your mother's ability to fight off infections."

4. "Chronic medical conditions like diabetes, heart disease, or respiratory issues can also weaken the immune system, making individuals more prone to infections."

5. "Lastly, medications or medical treatments your mother may be receiving could suppress her immune system or alter her body's ability to fight infections."

6. "To address your concerns and ensure your mother receives the best care, I recommend discussing her medical history and current health status with her healthcare provider."

In a population of 75 mice, the size of their gene pool for a particular gene would be 150, since each mouse contributes two alleles to the gene pool. Thus, the correct answer is e. 150.

Considering that each mouse has two alleles for each gene (one from each parent), the total count will be twice the population size. Therefore, in a population of 75 mice, each mouse would contribute two alleles, making the size of the gene pool for that particular gene:

75 mice x 2 alleles per mouse = 150 alleles

While chromatid cohesion ensures accurate chromosome segregation in both mitosis and meiosis, the key differences lie in the type of chromosomes involved (sister chromatids in mitosis versus homologous chromosomes in meiosis) and the specific stages and outcomes of the processes.

Chromatid cohesion is a crucial aspect of both mitosis and meiosis, as it ensures that chromosomes are distributed accurately into daughter cells. However, the mechanisms and outcomes of chromatid cohesion differ between these two processes.

In Mitosis:

In Meiosis: