Animal behavior researchers often refer to an activity associated with punishment or reward as a/an

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Answer 1
Animal behavior researchers often refer to an activity associated with punishment or reward as an operant. The basis for training animals is the operant conditioning. It is a learning process where the animal would learn base from its behavior as it responds to its environment. In this type of learning, the behavior is either increased or decreased by the results that follows the action. It uses rewards and punishments in order to associate with the behavior. For instance, you are trying to teach your dog to fetch an object, if he succeeds in fetching the object, then you give your dog a treat. The dog would think that what it is doing is good and that it would get a reward from it so it would start learning the behavior.
Answer 2

Answer:

The answer is Operant Conditioning

Hope this helps! :)


Related Questions

How do density and distribution affect quality of life? give a specific example?

Answers

The density of certain species in a specific location greatly affects the quality of life. This is because, it is inevitable that among similar species which consumes the same food and have the same necessities, competition will always be present. 

For a location with higher density of organisms, there can be scarcity of goods and services. 

However, if dissimilar organisms live in a certain location together, they may be able to help each other in the processes or functions that a certain group may not be able to perform. 

Final answer:

Population density and distribution directly impact quality of life by influencing the availability of resources, space, and services. High density can lead to scarcity and competition, while low density might result in limited access to essential services.

Explanation:

Population density and distribution significantly influence the quality of life in various ways. Density refers to the number of individuals living within a unit area, while distribution describes the arrangement or spread of these individuals within their environment. For example, in densely populated areas such as major cities, resources like water, food, and space may become scarce, leading to competition and potentially lower quality of life. On the other hand, areas with a sparse population may have adequate resources but might lack essential services and infrastructure, also affecting quality of life.

Let's consider a specific example: Tokyo, Japan, one of the most densely populated cities in the world, faces significant challenges related to space. The high population density has resulted in smaller living spaces, higher living costs, and congested transport systems. This scenario highlights how high density can stress city infrastructure, leading to a decrease in quality of life. In contrast, areas with lower population density may enjoy larger living spaces and less competition for resources but might struggle with limited access to healthcare, education, and employment opportunities, illustrating how both high and low population densities can impact quality of life differently.

Name the four elements that make up the bulk of living matter

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Final answer:

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up the bulk of living matter.

Explanation:The four elements that make up the bulk of living matter are:Carbon (C): It is the backbone of organic molecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.Hydrogen (H): It is found in water and many organic compounds.Oxygen (O): It is present in water, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.Nitrogen (N): It is a key element in amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.

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Final answer:

The four elements that make up most of the mass in living organisms are oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. They form diverse molecular species that enable the structures and functions of living organisms.

Explanation:

The four elements that make up the bulk of living matter are oxygen (O), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N). These four elements common to all living organisms consist of more than 95 percent of the body's mass. Carbon, being able to form four chemical bonds, and nitrogen, forming three, have unique structures that allow them to produce a vast number of diverse molecular species, necessary to form the structures and enable the functions of living organisms.

Even the earth's crust and atmosphere, having unique proportions of these elements contribute to the existence of life. Despite differences in abundance, all elements obey the same chemical and physical laws, whether they are a part of the living or non-living world.

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​____ is the initial treatment of choice for children and adolescents with anorexia who are living at home.

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Family-based therapy is the initial treatment of choice for children and adolescents with anorexia who are living at home.
It is easier to treat a psychiatric problem if patient living at home with his/her family. The family support often can solve the problem without medication.
Final answer:

The initial treatment of choice for children and adolescents with anorexia living at home is mental health counseling combined with nutritional counseling.

Explanation:

The initial treatment of choice for children and adolescents with anorexia who are living at home is mental health counseling combined with nutritional counseling. These two forms of counseling help address the psychological and nutritional aspects of anorexia, which are crucial for recovery. In some cases, medication such as antidepressants may also be prescribed to address co-existing mental health conditions. Hospitalization is usually reserved for severe cases with significant physical health consequences.

The scientific method can best be described as a plan or set of

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There is something missing. Can you please give more details on what you are looking for

which modern day technology helps scientists measure earth landforms and other features more precisely than ever before

Answers

remote sensing from satellites

Answer:

remote sensing from satellites

Explanation:

Scientists use data collected from remote sensing satellites to study such things as rivers, oceans, fires, pollution, and natural resources. The Global Positioning System (GPS) also uses satellite technology to provide information for navigation and other purposes.

Known to be an integral part of green living​ inc., rhonda lloyd worked as a renewable energy campaigner for nine years in a remote region of indonesia. what kind of knowledge represents her understanding of the dynamics of village communities and the apprehensions of the​ locals?

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The kind of knowledge that Rhonda used in the situation above is TACIT KNOWLEDGE. Tacit knowledge is not learned, it an inborn type of knowledge that helps one to understand and relate with other people as needed. Tacit knowledge usually have its foundation in one's belief, culture, value, mental models, skills, etc.

Jill runs a hot bath. she starts to get into the tub but the water feels extremely hot. she stands in the hot water for a few moments, then slowly sits down, easing the rest of her body into the water. after a few minutes, she feels quite comfortable; the water no longer feels too hot to her. jill has experienced:

Answers

Based on the given scenario, Jill is experiencing sensory adaptation. A sensory adaptation is where sensory system that a person acquires has ability to change in a way that they could adapt in certain situations. It is seen above as the hot water made her feel uncomfortable as she does not intend to sit on the tub while it is still hot and later on, she manage to be comfortable with the hot water after her sensory system has adopted to the stimulus which is the hot water in the tub. The sensory adaptation makes a person’s sensory system feel a change in response of a factor that will affect the system into leading it cope up with the factor affecting it.

Diabetics often need injections of insulin to help maintain the proper blood glucose levels in their bodies. how many moles of insulin are needed to make up 45 ml of 0.0062 m insulin solution?

Answers

The moles of insulin are needed to make up 45 ml of 0.0062 m insulin solution is 0.00028 moles.

What is insulin?

Insulin is defined as a hormone produced by the pancreas that enables your body to either store excess sugar from carbohydrates for later use or utilize it as fuel.

It can also be defined as a hormone that your body naturally produces from your pancreas that aids in using sugar as fuel.

One hormone that is crucial is insulin. It helps your body turn meals into energy and controls how much sugar is in your blood.

Given Concentration = 0.0062 M

Volume = 45 ml

1 ml = 0.001 L

So, 45 ml = 0.045 L

The number of moles of insulin

= 0.045 L x 0.0062 M

= 0.00028 moles

Thus, the moles of insulin are needed to make up 45 ml of 0.0062 m insulin solution is 0.00028 moles.

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By ruling in James McCulloch’s favor in McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court agreed that

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By ruling in James McCulloch’s favor in McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court agreed that the Congress had the power to create a federal bank.

This case established two important principles-

Firstly, the Constitution granted Congress, implied powers to implement the Constitution's express powers to create a functional national government.

Secondly, state action may not hamper the valid constitutional exercises of power by the federal government.

Congress had the power to create a federal bank.

Further explanations:

McCulloch versus Maryland was a Supreme Court in 1819 that stated the scope of Legislative power of Congress related to the power of American state Legislature. The case involved the rightness of the National bank and tax imposed by the State government of Maryland. The decision of the case also stated some implied powers of the U.S Federal Government explicitly enumerated in the Constitution under the “Necessary and Proper “ clause. The decision also provided congress authority to institute a Federal Bank.

The court decision of authorizing congress to create a bank was welcomed by Chief Justice Marshall with his four arguments. According to Marshall establishing congressman, power was a historic practice that led to the foundation of banks. It also retained the sovereignty of the nation by ratifying the constitution and also addresses the congressional power under Article I. Marshall supported the decision as it was invoking the Necessary and Proper Clause, permitting the Congress to exercise its enumerated powers.

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1. according to the supreme court, which of these most likely prompted the arrest of the protesters in Edwards v. South Carolina?https://brainly.com/question/2419144

2. the impact of Furman v. Georgia (1972) was that states had to promise to use the death penalty only with approval from the supreme court. throw out the old Miranda warning and write a new one. agree to throw out all state laws regarding crime and impose national standards. create clear standards to be applied fairly before imposing the death penalty?https://brainly.com/question/637963

3. in which section of the declaration of independence is the purpose of government described?https://brainly.com/question/10021040

Answer Details

Grade: High School

Subject: History

Chapter: Federal Bank

Keywords: McCulloch, Maryland, Supreme Court, Legislative power, American state Legislature, National bank and tax, State government, Maryland, U.S Federal Government, Necessary and Proper, Federal Bank, Chief Justice, Marshall

The aggression at dog shows when its owner tries to take its food bowl is called _______ aggression.

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The answer is conflict – related aggression. Conflict-related aggression was beforehand denoted to as dominance aggression by many behaviorists. “Dominance aggression” was defined as aggression focused towards household members in circumstances where the social position of the dominant dog is threatened. Many conflicts happen when a dog is put into a confrontational condition or when the dog cannot forecast what is going to happen due to discrepancies in dog-owner interactions. The dog is placed into a motivational conflict in these situations. He may want to be close to the owner but also be uncertain and anxious because he cannot predict what is going to happen or what the owner is going to do. 

How often does the body perform cellular respiration?

Answers

The body performs cellular respiration continuously. 
Energy in cells, so continuously

Which of the following is a valid concern about the impact of biotechnology on biodiversity? Biotechnology will result in depletion of wild populations because high numbers of organisms will be collected for research. If humans buy only fish produced on aquaculture farms, the fish populations in the wild will decrease. Fish that have been genetically modified will not be able to breed, and species will go extinct. Genetically modified fish could be accidentally released, breed with wild fish, and contribute modified genes to the wild population.

Answers

The correct answer is option D

The valid concern of biotechnology on biodiversity is that genetically modified fish could be accidentally released into the environment and those genetically engineered species will breed with the wild type population and the population of modified genes will increase. The concern is true, as if this happens there will be no wild type left in the environment.

Answer:

Genetically modified fish could be accidentally released, breed with wild fish, and contribute modified genes to the wild population.

Explanation:

This is one valid concern that some people express regarding the impact of biotechnology on biodiversity. Biotechnology refers to the modification of natural organisms in ways that are benefitial to humans. For example, these organisms could be more resistant to diseases or be better suited for consumption. However, if the animals were to breed with wild fish, they could contribute modified genes to the wild population, putting it at risk of unwanted modifications and complications.

Why does rhyolite have smaller crystals than granite?

Answers

This is because Rhyolite cools faster than granite therefore the crystals have less time to form and that is why.

When s.t. first started taking lithium, she would have be cautioned to report side effects. which are common side effects of lithium?

Answers

Below are the common side effects of lithium:

Thirst
 Nausea
Tremor


Lithium is a standout amongst the most generally utilized and considered meds for treating bipolar turmoil. Lithium diminishes the seriousness and recurrence of craziness. It might likewise help mitigate or avert bipolar wretchedness. It is imperative that the lithium level in your body not be too low or too high

Which two components make up the greatest percentage of the atmosphere?

Answers

nitrogen gas makes up abt 78% while oxygen makes up 20%

Answer:

Earth Atmosphere:

The earth atmosphere is composed of a number of gases or elements, as they are required to sustain the environment and air present in the atmosphere. As there are various portions of the air mixture, and most of the elements are present are in high level or number of molecules are in more denser form.

Explanation:

Nitrogen, N: In our atmosphere we have nitrogen as the most abundant element inside a sample of air, as the air contains about 78% of the nitrogen molecules in total. As it has great importance to the atmosphere and the whole ecosystem that we live inside.Oxygen,O₂: Oxygen can be termed as the most important and vital element for the living beings, and most of the materials to exists. As living beings require more  oxygen for driving the cellular respiration and other cellular functions. As they form the basic mechanism for driving the life force by being the main cause of the photosynthesis which involves the production of the energy and NADH.

In a population with 2 alleles for a particular locus (D and d), the frequency of the D allele is 0.75.
a) What is the frequency of the d allele?

b) What is the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in the population?

c) What is the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals in the population?

d) What is the frequency of heterozygotes in the population?

Answers

A is the answer. This answer is also a question, and the answer to that question is 0.25
Final answer:

The frequency of the d allele is 0.25. Homozygous dominant individuals have a frequency of 0.5625, homozygous recessive individuals have a frequency of 0.0625, and heterozygous individuals have a frequency of 0.375.

Explanation:

In a population with two alleles for a particular locus (D and d), where the frequency of the D allele is 0.75, the frequency of the d allele would be 0.25, since the sum of the frequencies for both alleles must equal 1.0 (p + q = 1).

The frequency of homozygous dominant individuals (DD) in the population would be the square of the frequency of the D allele (p²), which is 0.75² = 0.5625.

Homozygous recessive individuals (dd) would have a frequency equal to the square of the d allele frequency (q²), which is 0.25² = 0.0625.

The frequency of heterozygous individuals (Dd) would be 2 times the frequency of the D allele times the frequency of the d allele (2pq), which is 2 * 0.75 * 0.25 = 0.375.

Which habitat would have the least variation in its salinity

Answers

fresh water habitat has low salinity

if this is for edge en u i ty then the answer would be d. estuary

Minerals in geodes form spectacular euhedral crystals because

Answers

Final answer:

Minerals in geodes form spectacular euhedral crystals due to factors such as cleavage, secondary differentiation of elements, and polymerization.

Explanation:

Minerals in geodes form spectacular euhedral crystals because of several factors:

Cleavage: Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break along specific planes to make smooth surfaces. Gemstones with cleavage planes can form attractive crystal shapes with smooth faces.Secondary differentiation of elements: The relative temperatures at which minerals crystallize are determined by their lattice energies. Minerals with small, highly charged ions tend to have higher melting points and crystallize first.Polymerization: In some minerals, individual tetrahedra can be joined together by sharing one or more of their oxygens. This polymerization allows zillions of tetrahedra to be joined into chains or sheets, resulting in complex three-dimensional networks of shared tetrahedra.

Why is dna not used directly as a code for protein synthesis and instead, a messenger rna must be transcribed?

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because dna is found on histone proteins in the nucleus and it cannot exit the nucleus each time info for protein making is needed

The  DNA not used directly as a code for protein synthesis and instead, a messenger RNA must be transcribed because,

The DNA does not have any protection from the nucleases present in cytoplasm that can cleave any nucleic acid and mRna can protect from nucleases because it have polyadenylation and 5' guanosine.

What is role of mRNA?mRNA is single stranded RNAThe role of mRNA is to carry the protein blueprint or genetic information from DNA of cells to its ribosomes.It furnished with the genetic code called codons.

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Two identical balls are placed in Beaker A and Beaker B. The ball in Beaker A sinks slightly, while the ball in Beaker B floats atop the liquid. Which conclusion is correct
a. The balls are denser than both liquids.
b. The liquid in Beaker A is denser than the liquid in Beaker B.
c. The liquid in Beaker A is not as dense as the liquid in Beaker B.
d. None of the above.

Answers

c. The liquid in Beaker A is not as dense as the liquid in Beaker B.

But comparing the simulated model and actual cell division under a microscope can improve understanding because actual observations_______.

Answers

Comparing the simulated model and actual cell division under a microscope can improve understanding because actual observations may reveal greater unknown complexities.
Cell division is also known as mitosis. There are six stages or phases in cell division. For better understanding, comparison of simulated model and actual cell is performed.

what is the function of the atmospheres ozone layer

Answers

The ozone layer in our atmosphere protects the earth from the damaging ultraviolet rays radiating from the sun.
The Ozone layer prevents most of the suns harmful rays, such as Ultraviolet from damaging our skin. Without the Ozone layer nothing would be able to survive on the surface.

You're watching television and an infomercial comes on for a new stain removal product called "Mr. Fantastic." This product claims to remove any stain from any material, no matter how old it is. You've just finished reading an extensive article about why some stains can't be removed. By comparing these two pieces of information, you're utilizing which of the following? A. Logic B. Observation C. Prediction D. Critical thinking

Answers

D) Critical thinking. You thought about what both things said, and thought about which one that you thought was right. Hope this helps. Please mark brainliest. Have an amazing night.

Answer:

D. Critical thinking

Explanation:

Prolactin is a hormone whose molecular structure has remained stable over evolutionary time but whose hormonal role has changed dramatically in different animal species. this is an excellent example of how evolution

Answers

This is an excellent example of how evolution CAN BOTH PRESERVE UNITY AND PROMOTE DIVERSITY. Unity is preserve because the molecular structure of prolactin remains constant over a long period of time and diversity is promoted because the hormonal role of prolactin has changed significantly in different animal species.

on science a hypothesis must be

Answers

the answer should be testable


Must be able to be tested multiple times

How do flowering plants reproduce by fertilization if they are immotile?
1)Fertilization takes place in their roots.
2)They conjugate with plants nearest them.
3)Insects and other organisms carry pollen to other flowers.

Answers

3 is the answer because bees and such pollinate 


The right answer is 3)Insects and other organisms carry pollen to other flowers.

Entomophilia, also called entomophilous fertilization or entomogamy, is a mode of pollination in which insects participate in the transport of pollen, up to the stigma of the pistil in angiosperms and to the egg in gymnosperms.

The pollinating insects most likely to pollinate flowering plants belong to the order Hymemoptera, including bumblebees, osmies and bees raised by beekeepers. But other insects contribute to the multiplication of plants: the fly (Diptera), attracted by the smell of decaying meat it releases, ensures the multiplication of rafflesia.

Any energy transformation involves the loss of some energy as what?

Answers

I think energy transformation involves the loss of ATP because ATP is the most absorbable form of energy for all cells.

In any energy transformation, some energy is lost as heat, which is a concept described by the second law of thermodynamics and is closely related to the increase in entropy, indicating that every energy transfer or transformation is never completely efficient.

Any energy transformation involves the loss of some energy as heat. This principle is encapsulated in the second law of thermodynamics, which states that during any process in which energy changes form, some energy is invariably lost as heat, which is mostly unusable for doing work. For instance, when electrical energy is transformed into light energy in a light bulb, some of the energy is inevitably lost as heat. Similarly, in biological systems such as living cells, some energy is lost as heat during cellular metabolic reactions.

Heat energy is the form that is generated whenever there is friction or resistance during energy transformation, such as when air friction heats molecules due to an airplane's movement. The concept of entropy is closely related, which is a measure of disorder or randomness within a system. As entropy increases, indicating a more disorderly system, the amount of usable energy decreases since higher entropy usually means more energy has dissipated as heat.

When the slope is _____, a small _____ in sea level can cause a significant shoreline shift inland.

A) gentle; fall
B) flat; fall
C) steep; fall
D) steep; rise
E) gentle; rise

Answers

I think the answer may be E
I'm sure that the answer is E

Which structure secretes digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins? A. Pancreas B. Large intestine C. Liver D. Salivary glands

Answers

Which structure secretes digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins? A. Pancreas

Most of the enzyme in the intestinal system is made by pancreas. Pancreas will also secrete insulin to make cell utilize glucose. The Large intestine is absorbing water. Salivary glands mostly digest carbohydrate.

Final answer:

The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes, including pancreatic amylase, trypsin, and lipase, which break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats respectively. It also neutralizes stomach acids with bicarbonate, optimizing the small intestine's environment for digestion.

Explanation:

The structure that secretes digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is the pancreas. The pancreas produces pancreatic juice, which contains enzymes like pancreatic amylase to digest carbohydrates, trypsin to digest proteins, and enzymes to digest fats. Additionally, the pancreas releases bicarbonate to neutralize the acidic contents from the stomach, ensuring a suitable environment for the enzymes to function effectively in the small intestine.

In relation to where most fat-digesting enzymes are produced, the answer is also the pancreas. While the liver produces bile which emulsifies fats, and the gallbladder stores and concentrates this bile, the actual fat-digesting enzymes, like lipase, are produced by the pancreas.

Which of the following describes how bacteria can receive or exchange genetic material? (A) In transformation, some bacteria pick up pieces of DNA from the environment. (B) In conjugation, two bacterial cells temporarily join and transfer genetic material between them. (C) In transduction, viruses infect bacteria, carrying gene from one cell and injecting them into another. (D) All responses apply

Answers

The correct answer is D.
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