E) All of the answers are correct.
Ion channels are proteins located in the membrane that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Ion channels can be classified (by what opens and closes the channels) into few groups:
• Voltage-gated channels-open and close in response to membrane potential
Examples: Voltage-gated proton channels, Voltage-gated sodium channels, Voltage-gated potassium channels
• Ligand-gated (neurotransmitter) or ionotropic receptors (ligand binds to extracellular domain of the receptor
Examples: "nicotinic" Acetylcholine receptor, ionotropic glutamate-gated receptors
• Lipid-gated- lipid molecules bind to the transmembrane domain of the channel
Example: Inward-rectifier potassium channels
• Light-gated channels-like rhodopsin channel that is directly opened by photons
• Mechanosensitive (e.g. stretch, pressure) ion channels.
When neurons are not producing electrical signals
When neurons are not producing electrical signals we say that they are at resting phase: voltage across their membrane is called the resting membrane potential, or the resting potential.
This potential is determined by the concentration of ions (Na, K) across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion. While the ions move through channels down their gradients they lead to a separation of charge and that is what creates the resting potential.
The membrane of the neuron is much more permeable for K ions so the resting potential is close to the equilibrium potential of K+.
The anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary differ in that _____.
the posterior lobe of the pituitary operates independently of the brain whereas the anterior lobe is directly dependent on brain activity
the anterior lobe of the pituitary is nervous tissue that connects directly to the brain whereas the posterior pituitary is derived from non-neural tissues
the anterior lobe of the pituitary receives neuronal impulses from brain cells whereas the posterior lobe receives blood-borne hormones
the posterior pituitary gland synthesizes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone whereas the anterior lobe receives all of its hormone products in the blood
many anterior pituitary hormones regulate other endocrine glands whereas posterior pituitary hormones regulate nonendocrine tissues
Answer:
many anterior pituitary hormones regulate other endocrine glands whereas posterior pituitary hormones regulate nonendocrine tissues
Explanation:
Anterior pituitary or adenohypophysis is the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Secretion of endocrine cells of the anterior pituitary is controlled by regulatory hormones released by hypothalamus. The hypothalamic releasing hormones bind to anterior pituitary endocrine cells, upregulating or downregulating their release of hormones. Anterior pituitary hormones stimulate endocrine glands: FSH and LH (ovaries and testes), TSH (thyroid), and ACTH (adrenal cortex).
Posterior pituitary or neurohypophysis is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It is not glandular it is just a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus. Posterior pituitary hormones regulate nonendocrine tissues: ADH-vasopressin (kidney tubules) and oxytocin (mammary glands, uterine tissues, brain).
Which tissues make voluntary movement possible?
skelatal muscle makes volntary movement possible
Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be
to determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts.
to test for liberation of O2 in the light.
to test for CO2 fixation in the dark.
to do experiments to generate an action spectrum.
to test for production of either sucrose or starch.
option c-to test for liberation of o2 in light
Energy is released by the food organisms consume through the process of cellular respiration ____. during this process oxygen is consumed and ___(2 words)___ is produced and released into the atmosphere.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide
Explanation:
Cellular respiration is given by the equation; glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 or 38 ATP
It has three phases; glycolysis that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell then Krebs cycle that occurs in the matrix mitochondria then electron transport chain that occurs in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria.
Blood returning from the lungs enters theA. Left atriumB. Left ventricleC. Right atriumD. Right ventricleE. Aorta
The answer is A. Left atrium
Oxygenated blood that returns from the lungs enters the left atrium of the heart. From the left atrium, it moves to the left ventricle, which pumps it into the systemic circuit, distributing oxygen and nutrients to the rest of the body.
Explanation:The blood circulation in our body is a dual system consisting of the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit. In the pulmonary circuit, blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, from where it is pumped to the lungs. Here, gas exchange takes place in the pulmonary capillaries, enriching the blood with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. This oxygenated blood then returns from the lungs and enters the left atrium of the heart. It passes through the left atrium into the left ventricle, which pumps it into the systemic circuit - distributing oxygen and nutrients to the body cells. Therefore, the specific answer to your question is A. Left atrium.
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Which of the following is not common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell division?
Two genetically identical daughter cells are produced.
A checkpoint will be activated if the spindle does not attach to a kinetochore.
The DNA is replicated.
Cleavage occurs to separate the cell in two.
The correct answer is: A checkpoint will be activated if the spindle does not attach to a kinetochore.
Prokaryotes, do not undergo mitosis (like eukaryotes) and therefore have no need for a mitotic spindle. Prokaryotes also don’ t have checkpoints foor the regulation of cell division.
Normal eukaryotic cells (unlike cancer cells), move through the cell cycle in a regulated way in order to make sure that cells don't divide under conditions that are unfavorable for them. Information about their own internal state (nutrients, signal molecules, DNA integrity) is signal to go or not to go through the cell division. Because of that there are few checkpoints in the cell cycle at which the cell examines the signals and makes a “decision”. The major checkpoints are:
• The G1- the first point at which it must choose, once it passes the G1 checkpoint the cell enters S phase
• The G2-the cell checks DNA integrity and checks if replication is done well.
• The spindle checkpoint-at the transition from metaphase to anaphase.
The correct answer choice for the problem is A checkpoint will be activated if the spindle is not attached to the kinetochore.
Further explanationCell division is a process in which stem cells divide or divide themselves into 2 or more daughter cells. Cell division is a part of our body. We grow because the cells in our body divide.
In the cell cycle, there are two stages, namely interphase, and M-Phase. The interface is the stage where cells do not divide. This phase lasts for 15 hours and there are 3 stages, namely G1 Phase (duplicate cell organelle phase), S-Phase (DNA replication phase), and G2 Phase (phase of cell growth and protein synthesis). It is in the M-Phase stage that the cell begins to divide. This lap only lasts 2 hours and consists of the karyokinesis and cytokinesis processes. Kariokinesis is the stage where the process of cell nucleus division through the ProMAT stage, while cytokinesis is the stage of cytoplasmic division. Cell division is divided into 2 types according to the type of cell dividing, namely division in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
1. Cleavage in Prokaryotic Cells
Cleavage in prokaryotic cells is known as binary division, which means this division takes place simply and spontaneously. This cleavage process is also known as the amitotic cleavage process. Amitosis means division that does not involve chromosomes. Binary division can be found in bacterial cells, cell growth processes, duplication of genetic material, chromosome division, and cytoplasmic division.
In binary fission, the chromosomes are duplicated and will stick to the plasma membrane. Then there will be growing between the two attachment sites of the chromosome. This is to do a core separation. Cytokinesis and cell wall formation are then formed so that 2 daughter cells are formed.
2. Eukaryotic Cell Cleavage
Cell division in eukaryotic cells is divided into meiosis and mitosis.
Mitosis
Mitosis division is a division that produces daughter cells that can divide again. The mitotic division produces two daughter cells that are identical to the parent.
Meiosis
The meiotic division is a division that produces gametes. This gamete cannot divide again until fertilization.
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Mitosis and miosis https://brainly.com/question/853697, https://brainly.com/question/2558664
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Class: Hight School
Subject: Biology
Keywords: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell division.
Which three amphipathic lipids are present in the cell membrane?
phospholipids, glycolipids, and sterols
The three amphipathic lipids present in the cell membrane are phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol. These components are crucial for the membrane's structure, with phospholipids forming the bilayer, sphingolipids contributing to cell recognition, and cholesterol modulating membrane fluidity.
Explanation:Three amphipathic lipids that are present in the cell membrane are phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol. Phospholipids, as the principal component, are composed of a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form the characteristic lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Sphingolipids, which also contain an amino alcohol sphingosine, play roles in cell recognition and signaling. Cholesterol modulates the fluidity and stability of the membrane.
Amphipathic molecules like phospholipids have both hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water-fearing) regions. The hydrophilic head faces the aqueous environments inside and outside the cell, while the hydrophobic tails face each other, forming the interior of the membrane—which is impermeable to most water-soluble substances.
A client has a supratentorial craniotomy for a tumor in the right frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex. which position does the nurse recognize is the most appropriate for this client postoperatively?
Head of the bed elevated 30 to 45 degrees with the neck in neutral alignment
Explanation;Supratentorial craniotom is the exposure of any part of a cerebral hemisphere over the basal line joining the nasion to the inion.The HOB after supratentorial craniotomy should be at least at 30 degrees. Avoidance of prolonged pressure directly on the incision will prevent breakdown or added discomfort.The cardiovascular system is composed of which of the following?
lungs, blood vessels, and heart
heart, lungs, and brain
heart, blood, and blood vessels
heart, arteries, and veins
heart, arteries, and veins
Pepsi Vinegar Orange Juice What property do all three of these common household substances have in common? A) They are all acidic. B) They all taste bitter. C) They all have a pH above 7. Eliminate D) They all turn litmus paper blue.
The answer is A. They are all acidic
The auditory function of the middle ear is to convert _______ pressure waves into _______.
Air;Fluid pressure waves Hope it help
Which of the following is NOT a beta-lactam antibiotic?
methicillin
vancomycin
cephalothin
penicillin G
Answer:
vancomycin
Explanation:
β-lactam antibiotics are those antibiotic that that contain a beta-lactam ring (the cyclic amide with the nitrogen atom attached to the β-carbon) in their molecular structures. This class of antibiotics is the most commonly used and it includes penicillin derivatives, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems. The mechanism of action of β-lactam antibiotics is inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis in the bacteria.
According to the anthropologist’s code of ethics, the values of scholarly research cannot surpass the____.
A. Hospital permissions
B. Government involvement
C. Respect of the human rights
D. Climatic conditions
Answer:
The correct answer is option C. "Respect of the human rights".
Explanation:
Ethics refers to a series of moral principles that a person must follow to conduct and behave properly. Ethical values are closely related with human rights, because human behavior should always look to respect the liberty, autonomy, privacy, informed consent and equality of people. This is the case for anthropologist’s following a code of ethics, at which scholar value must not surpass the respect of the human rights in any case.
The core principle is respect for human rights (C), foundational for ethical research conduct in anthropology.
According to the anthropologist’s code of ethics, the highest value that scholarly research cannot surpass is the respect for human rights (C). Anthropologists are committed to upholding the dignity, autonomy, and well-being of individuals and communities they study. This ethical principle is foundational and guides anthropological research and practice across diverse settings and contexts.
Respect for human rights encompasses various aspects, including but not limited to:
1. Informed Consent: Anthropologists prioritize obtaining informed consent from individuals and communities participating in research. This involves ensuring that participants understand the purpose, risks, and benefits of the research and voluntarily agree to participate without coercion or manipulation.
2. Confidentiality and Privacy: Anthropologists safeguard the confidentiality and privacy of research participants by protecting sensitive information and ensuring that data are anonymized or de-identified when necessary. This helps prevent harm or stigmatization to individuals or communities involved in the research.
3. Avoidance of Harm: Anthropologists strive to minimize potential harm to individuals and communities resulting from research activities. This includes avoiding physical, emotional, or psychological harm and taking measures to mitigate any negative consequences of the research.
4. Cultural Sensitivity and Respect: Anthropologists recognize and respect the diversity of cultures, beliefs, and practices encountered in their research. They strive to engage with communities in a culturally sensitive and respectful manner, acknowledging their perspectives, values, and rights.
In contrast, factors such as hospital permissions (A), government involvement (B), and climatic conditions (D) are important considerations in research planning and implementation but do not supersede the fundamental ethical imperative of respecting human rights. While adherence to legal requirements, institutional policies, and environmental factors is essential, these should be balanced with ethical considerations and the overarching commitment to the well-being and rights of research participants. Therefore, the core principle of respecting human rights stands as paramount in the anthropologist’s code of ethics.
Give the name of the watershed in austin that contains the most wells. how many wells does it contain
It is the Lake Travis watershed and it has 209 wells.
Which phrase does not describe one of the functions of proteins of the plasma membrane? initiating the replication of genetic material binding to a substance to carry it through the membrane forming a channel through the membrane acting as a receptor for substances external to the cell?
Answer:
Initiating the replication of genetic material
Explanation:
This is the function of the primer and polymerase enzyme. The plasma membrane is the outermost boundary of the cell. It is selectively allows material in and out of the cell. It has channels through which these materials pass through. If these materials are too large, they are taken in and out through endocytosis and exocytosis respectively.
Years of smoking and exposure to air pollutants can contribute to the incidence of
Hello there!
Your answer would be lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma.
Years of smoking and exposure to air pollutants can contribute to the incidence of lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma.
Lung cancer is one of the factors that is caused by smoking and air pollutants. This happens when too much lung cells are being produced in the lungs at once, which causes cancer cells to grow, this would form a tumor in the lung. There are many treatments that could be taken to remove this tumor. This is one of the things that are caused by smoking and air pollutants.
Chronic Bronchitis is another factor that is caused by smoking and air pollutants. This also involves the lungs. Chronic Bronchitis is a disease in the lungs that caused inflammation in them, which is very dangerous to the human body. Growth of mucus, coughing, and etc are symptoms of this. This is another factor that is caused by smoking and air pollutants.
Emphysema is another factor that is caused by smoking and air pollutants. This is a disease that causes the alveoli (a balloon shaped pass way in the raspatory system) to over swell. This mostly causes a shortness of breath to a person. This is another factor that is caused by smoking and air pollutants.
Asthma is another factor that is caused by smoking and air pollutants. This condition is very common to people who have smoked, been around smoke, or has been around places whose air is very polluted. This conditions causes the airways to clog up, which makes it hard to breathe. This is another factor that is caused by smoking and air pollutants.
Which best describes the ecosystem at Point A?
Your chosen answer is correct. The death rate (the red doted line) is higher than the birthrate (blue line)
B.) is incorrect because it is not true that the population is decreasing as shown the line is going up not down.
C.) is wrong because there is a competition between rates
D.) is incorrect because has not yet reached the carrying capacity.
I hope my answers are helpful!
Answer:
There is no competition for resources.
Explanation:
i need the answer ASPA...do all types of coal have the same energy value??
No, here are some rankings I found. please make me the brainliest!
Comparisons and Ranking
Rank
Type of Coal
Calorific Value (MJ/kg)
#1
Anthracite
30 millijoules per kilogram
#2
Bituminous
18.8–29.3 millijoules per kilogram
#3
Sub-bituminous
8.3–25 millijoules per kilogram
#4
Lignite (brown coal)
5.5–14.3 millijoules per kilogram
What kinds of genetic mutations can lead to cancer? Only frameshift mutations, because they are most severe Any mutation of the DNA or mRNA Mutations in sequences that control the cell cycle
It would be any mutation of the DNA or mRNA mutations in sequences that control the cell cycle because mutations are caused for an error in DNA since DNA contains all your traits and genes.
HOPE THIS HELPS
What produces all of the heavy elements required for life
Answer:
ATOM produces all the of the heavy elements required for life.
Explanation:
Atom is the smallest particles of an element, which can exist separately. Atom of the same element combine together to form molecules while atoms of different elements combine together to form compounds.
All the elements that exist in the world today are made up of atoms, which are combine in different ways to form different types of substances. Thus, atom is the basic unit of all elements.
Heavy elements required for life are produced through a process called nucleosynthesis in massive red giant stars. When these stars exhaust their fuel and explode in a supernova, elements heavier than iron are synthesized. These elements are later ejected into space, contributing to the formation of new stars and planets.
Explanation:The heavy elements required for life, otherwise known as the elements heavier than iron, are produced through a process called nucleosynthesis. This process occurs in the cores of massive red giant stars, which build up the elements via nuclear pathways. However, when these massive stars exhaust their nuclear fuel, they typically explode in a violent event known as a supernova. In the dramatic intensity of such explosions, elements heavier than iron can be synthesized. After these events, the heavier elements are ejected into interstellar space, where they can contribute to the formation of new stars. Over time, the proportion of these heavy elements in the 'raw material' for new stars and planets increases, which is why Earth, rich in heavy elements, was only possible after generations of stars had completed their lifecycles.
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At what point in development is the sense of hearing already quite acute?
Our sense of hearing is developing in the womb and is already quite acute in the third trimester of pregnancy.
This is the most common form of dietary lipid and is also the form most of our body fat is stored.
what are we suppose to look for?
During the signal transduction process, the signal often triggers a signal transduction cascade. For example, an activated receptor activates hundreds of protein A. Each activated protein A activates hundreds of protein B and so on until a cellular response occurs. What purpose does this cascade serve? The cascade serves to amplify the signal, so one activated receptor can have a significant response. Having several intermediates allows for the cell to determine what signals it will sense. Having a cascade allows the cell to respond to different signals. The cascade makes signaling easier to shut off or terminate.
The correct answer is: The cascade serves to amplify the signal, so one activated receptor can have a significant response
The signal transduction process is represented by series of molecular events that end up with cellular response (change of behavior or characteristic).
Component of a signaling pathway (based on their role) are:
• Ligands or first messengers
• receptors or the signal transducers
• primary effectors
• second messengers
• secondary effectors…
Signal transduction is part of almost all type of processes in the cell such as cell growth control, proliferation, metabolism etc.
The signaling cascade serves to amplify the signal and impacts multiple downstream components, allowing one activated receptor to stimulate a significant cellular response. The phosphorylation of proteins contributes to shaping this response. The termination of signal response, notably through de phosphorylation is vital to control cell behavior.
Explanation:During the process of signal transduction, a signaling pathway or cascade is often initiated upon the binding of a ligand to a cell-surface receptor. This chain of events facilitates interactions among second messengers, enzymes, and activated proteins, triggering a response in the cell's environment. A significant part of this cascade is the phosphorylation of molecules by enzymes known as kinases, which alter the shape of proteins and hence, their activity.
Activation of an intracellular component of the receptor often amplifies the signal, with a single activated receptor influencing multiple downstream components of the signaling pathway. The cascading mechanism serves to significantly amplify the signal, allowing one activated receptor to have a prolific cellular response. This amplification is beneficial in cases where the hormonal signal is of a very low concentration.
The effect of cell signaling can be terminated through the degradation of signaling molecules or de phosphorylation of phosphorylated intermediates in the pathway. This termination is essential to ensure the appropriateness of signal response.
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In the 1930's Dr. Robert Goddard began his experimentation with space travel. These were the forerunners of the Apollo Spacecraft crew's setting foot on the moon in 1969. Where did Dr. Goddard bring these experiments to life?
It was actually on March 14, 1926 in Auburn, Massachusetts that D. Robert Goddard launched his first liquid fueled rocket successfully.
Goddard’s rockets made little impression on government officials. Only through modest subsidies from the Smithsonian Institution and the Daniel Guggenheim Foundation, as well as the leaves of absence granted him by the Worcester Polytechnic Institute of Clark University, was Goddard able to sustain his lifetime of devoted research and testing.
Based on the way living things are organized, what is the level of organization smaller than molecules? Atoms Organs Organ systems Tissues
Atoms of course are smaller than molecules
Answer:
Atoms.
Explanation:
Atoms is the small part of an element that can be further divided into electrons, protons and neutrons. The atom has the ability to combine with the other and same atoms.
Atoms combined together to form the molecule. The molecules comes after the reactivity of atoms. The level of organization that are smaller than molecules are atoms.
Thus, the correct answer is option (1).
What role do plants have in the carbon-oxygen cycle? They release oxygen into the air as a waste product of photosynthesis. They release carbon dioxide into the air as a waste product of photosynthesis. They absorb oxygen from the air to use during photosynthesis. They do not have a role in the carbon-oxygen cycle.
The answer is A.
hope this helps!
Answer:
a
Explanation:
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A milestone can be a deliverable but it need not be. true or false
A cell in prophase I of meiosis has _____________ as much DNA as each of the daughter cells following cytokinesis of meiosis II.
The cell in prophase I of meiosis has four times as much DNA as each daughter cell following cytokinesis of meiosis II, due to the halving of DNA content during meiosis.
Explanation:A cell in prophase I of meiosis has four times as much DNA as each of the daughter cells following cytokinesis of meiosis II. This is because during prophase I, the cell has undergone DNA replication and thus has double the amount of DNA. After cytokinesis of meiosis II, we have four daughter cells, each having half the amount of DNA as the cell in prophase I. Think of it this way, during meiosis I and II, the DNA content is successively halved in each daughter cell. Hence, in comparison to the cell in prophase I, each of the four daughter cells at the end of meiosis II has a quarter of the DNA.
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Earthquakes produece two types of waves that flow through the interior of earth
earthquakes produce both body and surface waves which is the fast sesmic wave!!
hope this helps!!