Fill in the coefficients that will balance the following reaction: a0Na + a1H2O → a2NaOH + a3H2
Answer : The balanced chemical reaction will be,
[tex]2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow 2NaOH+H_2[/tex]
Explanation :
Balanced chemical reaction : It is defined as the number of atoms of individual elements present on reactant side must be equal to the product side.
The given unbalanced chemical reaction is,
[tex]a_0Na+a_1H_2O\rightarrow a_2NaOH+a_3H_2[/tex]
This chemical reaction is an unbalanced reaction because in this reaction, the number of atoms of hydrogen are not balanced while all the atoms are balanced.
In order to balanced the chemical reaction, the coefficient 2 is put before the [tex]Na,H_2O\text{ and }NaOH[/tex]
Thus, the balanced chemical reaction will be,
[tex]2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow 2NaOH+H_2[/tex]
Which is a typical characteristic of an ionic compound?
a. electron pairs are shared among atoms.
b. the ionic compound has a low solubility in water.
c. the ionic compound is described as a molecule?
Answer:
Chemistry A Unit 4: Chemical bonding Lesson 5: Molecular compounds
1. D. The ionic compound has a high meting point.
2. A. The arrangement of bonded atoms
Explanation:
Ionic compounds have a high melting point is a typical characteristic of an ionic compound.
What are ionic compounds?Ionic compounds can be defined as crystalline solids generated by closely packed ions of opposite charge. An Ionic compound is commonly formed whenever metal reacts with nonmetal.
In ionic compounds, the ions are generally held by ionic bonds. The ions are created by losing or gaining electrons to get their nearest noble gas configuration.
In a reaction, the metals lose electrons to gey filled octet while non-metals will gain electrons to get a complete octet.
Ionic compounds have high melting points and are hard as well as brittle. They dissociate into ions whenever dissolved in water. Solutions of ionic compounds can conduct electricity even in the molten state, but solid materials do not.
Ionic compounds form crystals and have higher enthalpies of fusion as well as vapourization than molecular compounds.
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Oxygen has an electronegativity of 3.5, and carbon has an electronegativity of 2.5. how is charge distributed on an oxygen atom when it bonds with a carbon atom?
Final answer:
In a carbon-oxygen bond, oxygen, being more electronegative, pulls the bonding electrons closer, resulting in oxygen having a slight negative charge and carbon a slight positive charge, forming a polar covalent bond.
Explanation:
When a carbon atom bonds with an oxygen atom, the distribution of charge between them reflects their difference in electronegativity. Oxygen, with an electronegativity of 3.5, has a stronger pull on the bonding electron pairs than carbon, which has an electronegativity of 2.5. This results in the electrons being drawn more towards oxygen, making the oxygen atom slightly negatively charged (δ-) and the carbon atom slightly positively charged (δ+). The carbon-to-oxygen double bond, being more polar than a carbon-to-oxygen single bond, emphasizes this effect, making the oxygen even more electronegative in comparison to carbon. Therefore, in this bond, oxygen ends up with a partial negative charge, while carbon acquires a partial positive charge, exemplifying a polar covalent bond.
The product formation was decreased when a substance b was added to an enzyme reaction. more substrate being added did not increase the amount of produce formed. based on this we assume that substance b could be
What is the ph of a solution containing the strong base ba(oh)2 at a concentration of 0.064 mol/l?
Under what conditions will a low temperature make a reaction spontaneous
Answer: if delta h and delta s are both negative
Explanation: you’re welcome
Upon balancing the equation below, how many moles of sodium cyanide are needed to react completely with 3.6 moles of sulfuric acid? H2SO4 + NaCN yields HCN + Na2SO4
Explanation:
The given chemical equation is as follows.
[tex]H_{2}SO_{4} + NaCN \rightarrow HCN + Na_{2}SO_{4}[/tex]
Number of reactant atoms are as follows.
H = 2[tex]SO_{4}[/tex] = 1Na = 1CN = 1Number of product atoms are as follows.
H = 1[tex]SO_{4}[/tex] = 1Na = 1CN = 1Thus, in order to balance the equation, multiply NaCN by 2 on the reactant side and multiply HCN by 2 on the product side. Therefore, the balanced chemical equation will be as follows.
[tex]H_{2}SO_{4} +2NaCN \rightarrow 2HCN + Na_{2}SO_{4}[/tex]
Hence, we need [tex]2 \times 3.6[/tex] = 7.2 moles of NaCN to react completely with 3.6 moles of [tex]H_{2}SO_{4}[/tex].
One characteristic of a scientific theory is that _______
a. it can never be proved
b. it can be proved
c. it cannot be modified
d. it summarizes a set of observations
Answer;
a. it can never be proved
Explanation;
-One characteristic of a scientific theory is that it can never be proved.
-A scientific theory is a series of statements about the causal elements for observed phenomena. It is a hypothesis or a group of hypotheses about some phenomena that have been supported through research using the scientific method.
Answer: Option (d) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
A scientific theory is the result or output of a number of experiments, research, tests, observations etc.
A scientific theory is checked and verified at each and every step in order to provide a fact to the world. Hence, a scientific theory is that it summarizes a set of observations.
On the basis of these observations, a conclusion or theory is established.
Explain the importance of carbohydrates and lipids in the human body. Include a discussion of at least two functions of carbohydrates and the roles of two groups of lipids.
Did your response contain the following points? You may have discussed additional points that are not listed here.
Both carbohydrate and fat molecules release energy when cells break them down.
Many carbohydrates contain fiber, which the body cannot break down but which can help the digestive system function.
Sterols are important lipids that cells can convert into compounds the body needs, such as vitamins, some hormones, and bile salts.
Phospholipids are important structural components of cells.
Which is a component of John Dalton’s atomic theory? The ratio of atoms in a compound is fixed. The atoms of different elements are the same. An atom is a small particle of matter that can be broken down. A reaction can create or destroy atoms as well as rearrange them
Answer:
The right answer is A
Explanation:
Element x is a poor conductor of heat, has a low boiling point, and is a brittle solid at room temperature. where on the periodic table would element x most likely be found?
Answer is: nonmetals.
Nonmetals are far right at Periodic table, except hydrogen (H).
The nonmetals are divided into two categories: reactive nonmetals and noble gases.
The type of bond in nonmetal is covalent bond, there is no free electrons, so they do not conduct heat.
Intermolecular forces are weak, so they have low boiling points.
Nonmetals have low electrical and thermal conductivity .
Element x would most likely be found on the right side of the periodic table, where nonmetals are located.
Explanation:The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized by increasing atomic number and similar chemical properties. Elements are grouped into rows (periods) and columns (groups or families) based on their electron configurations. This table provides a systematic way to understand and study the properties and relationships of all known elements.
Based on the given information, Element x is a nonmetal that is a poor conductor of heat, has a low boiling point, and is a brittle solid at room temperature. Nonmetals are typically found on the right side of the periodic table. Therefore, Element x would most likely be found on the right side of the periodic table, where nonmetals are located.
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Three treatments of different starting materials are listed. Which statement explains the treatments? Substance 1 was activated by a decrease in temperature, Substance 2 was activated by the change in concentration, and Substance 3 decreased the surface area. Substance 1 was activated by a decrease in temperature, Substance 2 was activated by the change in pressure, and Substance 3 increased the surface area. Substance 1 was activated by the heat and inactivated by ice, Substance 2 was activated by the change in pressure, and Substance 3 decreased the surface area. Substance 1 was activated by the heat and inactivated by ice, Substance 2 was activated by the change in concentration, and Substance 3 increased the surface area.
The treatment is explained by temperature in the first substance, concentration in substance 2, and surface area in substance 3. Thus, option D is accurate.
What are the factors of reaction rate?The rate of the reactions is concerned with the temperature concentration, surface area, etc. Their involvement increases and decreases the reaction rate of the substance present in the reaction mixture.
An increase in temperature by heat increases rate, and ice decreases temperature hence decreasing rate. The second substance starts with an increase in the concentration and the third by increasing surface area.
Therefore, option D. is the treatment for the substances.
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Which of these organelles produces h2o2 as a by-product?
Peroxisomes, an organelle found in both animal and plant cells, produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a by-product during detoxification and metabolic processes. They also safely break down H2O2 into water and oxygen, shielding the rest of the cell from this compound's potential toxicity.
Explanation:The organelle that produces H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) as a by-product is the peroxisome. Peroxisomes are small, round organelles enclosed by single membranes. They perform oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids, and also detoxify many poisons that may enter the body. During these oxidation reactions, they release H2O2, which can damage cells. However, these reactions are confined to peroxisomes, where enzymes safely break down the H2O2 into oxygen and water. This makes peroxisomes crucial for neutralizing harmful toxins in cells.
For example, alcohol is detoxified by peroxisomes in liver cells. Glyoxysomes, which are specialized peroxisomes in plants, play a role in converting stored fats into sugars. Therefore, peroxisomes fulfill numerous crucial roles in both animal and plant cells which includes producing and then safely breaking down H2O2.
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The peroxisome is the organelle that produces H2O2 as a by-product during oxidation reactions and detoxification processes, but contains enzymes to convert it into harmless substances.
The organelle in question that produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a by-product is the peroxisome. Peroxisomes perform a variety of metabolic processes, primarily oxidizing fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances. The toxic by-product of these reactions is H2O2, which peroxisomes contain within themselves to prevent cellular damage. Enzymes such as catalase within peroxisomes convert H2O2 into water and oxygen, mitigating the potentially harmful effects of hydrogen peroxide on the cell.
If the temperature of a reaction is increased, the reaction proceeds at a much quicker rate because the
Explanation:
When we increase temperature of a substance then bond between the atoms will start to break and the molecules will move apart from each other. As a result, there will be increase in number of collisions between the molecules. Thus, reaction will occur at a faster rate.
Also, K.E = [tex]\frac{3}{2}kT[/tex]
where k = boltzmann constant
T = temperature
Hence, kinetic energy is proportional to temperature. So, more is the temperature more will be the kinetic energy. Therefore, more will be the rate of reaction.
When an atom releases gamma radiation,
A. the mass number decreases by one.
B. the atomic number decreases by one.
C. the mass number increases by four.
D. the atomic number remains the same.
Answer: The correct answer is Option D.
Explanation:
Gamma radiations are released when an atom undergoes gamma decay. During this decay process, a unstable nuclei gives off excess energy through a spontaneous electromagnetic process and it further releases [tex]\gamma -radiations[/tex]. The radiations released does not carry any charge and hence are electrically neutral.
Atomic number of the atom going this decay does not change.
[tex]_Z^A\textrm{X}^*\rightarrow _Z^A\textrm{X}+_0^0\gamma[/tex]
Thus, the correct answer is Option D.
Which statement regarding nuclear and chemical reactions is not true?
Chemical reactions involve outer electrons.
Only chemical reactions result in atom stability.
Nuclear reactions release more energy per mole.
Nuclear reactions occur in the nucleus of the atom.
Answer: Option (b) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
A chemical reaction is a reaction that causes change in chemical composition of a substance. This change occurs due to the involvement of outer electrons.
Whereas a nuclear reaction is a reaction in which particles in the nucleus, that is, protons and neutrons participate in order to form a new compound.
For example, [tex]^{6}_{3}Li + ^{2}_{1}H \rightarrow 2^{4}_{2}He[/tex]
Both chemical and nuclear reactions are able to release energy in certain reactions and they both are able to form stable atoms.
Thus, we can conclude that the statement only chemical reactions result in atom stability regarding nuclear and chemical reactions is not true.
The formula of the compound formed in the reaction between aluminum and sulfur is
"what is the volume (in cm3) of a 9.37 g piece of metal with a density of 4.66 g/cm3?"
Answer : The volume of a piece of metal is [tex]2.01cm^3[/tex]
Explanation :
Density : It is defined as the mass contained per unit volume.
Formula used for density :
[tex]Density=\frac{Mass}{Volume}[/tex]
Given :
Mass of a piece of metal = 9.37 grams
Density of metal = [tex]4.66g/cm^3[/tex]
Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get the volume of a piece of metal.
[tex]4.66g/cm^3=\frac{9.37g}{Volume}[/tex]
[tex]Volume=\frac{9.37g}{4.66g/cm^3}[/tex]
[tex]Volume=2.01cm^3[/tex]
Therefore, the volume of a piece of metal is [tex]2.01cm^3[/tex]
Complete each nuclear fission reaction. What is A?
Answer:
143
Explanation:
Thinking process:
The equation is balanced by balancing the charges. This gives:
235 + 1 = 90 + A + 3(1)
236 = 90 + A + 3
236 = 93 + A
A = 236 - 93
= 143
therefore, the value of A is 143
One important difference between covalent and ionic bonds is that:select one:a. in covalent bonds two atoms share electrons while in ionic bonds two atoms of opposite charge are attracted to each other.b. ionic bonds only occur among water-soluble elements.c. in ionic bonds two atoms share electrons, while in covalent bonds one atom gives one or more electrons to the other atom.d. in ionic bonds both protons and electrons can be shared while in covalent bonds only electrons can be shared.e. ionic bonds are much stronger than covalent bonds.
The correct answer is 'a'. In covalent bonds, two atoms share electrons, while in ionic bonds, two atoms of opposite charge are attracted to each other.
In a covalent bond, two atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. This sharing of electrons allows both atoms to fill their outermost energy levels and become more stable. An example of a covalent bond is the bond between two hydrogen atoms in a hydrogen molecule . In this case, both hydrogen atoms share their single electron to form a stable molecule.
On the other hand, in an ionic bond, two atoms of opposite charge are attracted to each other due to the transfer of electrons. One atom loses electrons to become positively charged (cation), while the other atom gains electrons to become negatively charged (anion). These oppositely charged ions are then attracted to each other, forming an ionic bond.Thus, the correct option is 'A'.
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A piece of copper metal is dipped into an aqueous solution of agno3. which net ionic equation describes the reaction that occurs?
Answer: The net chemical equation is written below.
Explanation:
When copper metal displaces an aqueous solution of silver nitrate, it leads to the formation of silver metal and aqueous copper nitrate solution.
This reaction is an example of single displacement reaction.
Net ionic equation of any reaction does not include any spectator ions.
Spectator ions are defined as the ions which does not get involved in a chemical equation. They are found on both the sides of the chemical reaction when it is present in ionic form.
The chemical equation for the reaction of copper metal and silver nitrate is given as:
[tex]Cu(s)+2AgNO_3(aq.)\rightarrow Cu(NO_3)_2(aq.)+2Ag(s)[/tex]
Ionic form of the above equation follows
[tex]Cu(s)+2Ag^+(aq.)+2NO_3^-(aq.)\rightarrow Cu^{2+}(aq.)+2NO_3^-(aq.)+2Ag(s)[/tex]
As, nitrate ions are present on both the sides of the reaction. Thus, it will not be present in the net ionic equation and are spectator ions.
The net ionic equation for the above reaction follows:
[tex]Cu(s)+2Ag^+(aq.)\rightarrow Cu^{2+}(aq.)+2Ag(s)[/tex]
Hence, the net ionic equation is written above.
Write the balanced molecular equation for the neutralization reaction between hi and ba(oh)2 in aqueous solution. include physical states.
2HI(aq)+Ba(OH)2(aq) ----> 2H2O(l) + BaI2(aq)
A fatty acid with only single bonds between carbon atoms is called a(n) ________ fatty acid.
a radioisotope spontaneously emits charged particles and energy
which is NOT a characteristic of a radioisotope?
a. it is radioactive
b. it is stable
c. it undergoes nuclear decay
d. it emits energy
The isotopes which are radioactive in nature is said to be radioisotopes. Radioisotope has unstable atomic nucleus and to attain a stable form, they emit particles and energy.
Since, radioisotopes are very reactive in nature as they are unstable and hence, they decay to form other particles. Energy may be released in the form of alpha particles (helium nuclei), beta particles, (electrons or positrons), or gamma particles (electromagnetic energy).
Hence, incorrect statement is: radioisotope is stable.
A gas has a temperature of 273.15 K and a pressure of 101.325 kPa. What can be concluded about the gas?
It has reached standard temperature and pressure.
The pressure needs to be increased to reach the standard pressure.
The temperature needs to be increased to reach the standard temperature.
Both the temperature and pressure need to be lowered to reach STP.
A It has reached standard temperature and pressure.
Solar energy breaks oxygen molecules (o2) apart in the stratosphere, releasing ____, that then combine with additional oxygen molecules (0) to form ____.
What is described here is actually the formation of ozone in the atmosphere. Ozone is what makes up the ozone layer, the shield in the Earth’s atmosphere that absorb the sun’s harmful UV radiation.
Now when solar energy hits O2 molecules, this results to a release in Oxygen atoms. When these Oxygen atoms combine with O2 molecules, Ozone or O3 is formed.
The correct answers are:
Oxygen atoms
Ozone
Why does 50 g of water initially at 0 ∘c warm more quickly than 50 g of an ice/water mixture initially at 0 ∘c?
When nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to form ammonia, what is the coefficient on nitrogen in the balanced equation?
Final answer:
The coefficient on nitrogen in the balanced equation is 1.
Explanation:
When nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to form ammonia, the coefficient on nitrogen in the balanced equation is 1. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: 3H2 (g) + N2 (g) → 2NH3 (g). In the equilibrium constant expression, the partial pressure of nitrogen is raised to the first power due to the coefficient 1. According to Dalton's Atomic Theory, one of its postulates states that each compound is composed of a fixed ratio of the number of its individual atoms. This is where the Law of Definite Proportions is coming from. In order to obey this law, you must balance the equation such that the number of moles of each element in a reaction is equal for both sides of the reaction. Thus, the balance reaction is
N₂ + 3 H₂ → 2 NH₃
Thus, the coefficient of Nitrogen is 1.
One mole of calcium ions has the same number of representative particles as which of the following? one mole of calcium nuclei one mole of calcium atoms 6.02 x 1023 calcium ions All of these are correct.
Consider the hypothetical atom x. if the molecular formula for lithium carbonate is li2co3 and the formula of x chloride is xcl3. what is the molecular formula for x carbonate?
The atom 'x' has valency 3 based on xCl3 formula. The carbonate ion has a charge of -2. Hence, to balance the charges, the formula for 'x' carbonate should be X2(CO3)3.
Explanation:The hypothetical atom is represented as 'x'. The formula provided, xCl3, indicates that there are three chloride ions for every atom of 'x'. This suggests that the valency of 'x' is 3. Assuming that 'x' is a metal, when it forms a carbonate, it will combine with the carbonate ion (CO3) which has a charge of -2.
As 'x' has a valency of 3 and carbonate has a charge of -2, to balance the charges the formula for 'x' carbonate would be X2(CO3)3. This formula implies there are two atoms of 'x' for every three carbonate ions in the compound. Therefore, the molecular formula for 'x' carbonate is X2(CO3)3.
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