What type of bonds joins amino acids together
Amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds during the process of protein synthesis or protein biosynthesis.
Amino Acids:
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a side chain (R group).
Peptide Bond Formation:
During the formation of a peptide bond, the amino group of one amino acid reacts with the carboxyl group of another amino acid, resulting in the elimination of a water molecule (dehydration synthesis).
The carbon from the carboxyl group and the nitrogen from the amino group combine, forming a covalent peptide bond.
Structure:
The resulting structure after peptide bond formation is a dipeptide, which consists of two amino acids linked by a peptide bond.
Polymerization:
As more amino acids join in a chain through peptide bonds, the chain of amino acids, known as a polypeptide, grows. Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide chains.
Protein Formation:
A protein consists of one or more polypeptide chains, each with a specific sequence of amino acids. The sequence and arrangement of amino acids determine the protein's unique structure and function.
Peptide bonds are strong and provide stability to the protein structure. The sequence and arrangement of amino acids, dictated by peptide bonds, are essential for the diverse functions and properties of proteins, making them fundamental in biological processes and functions.
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5 to 10 ways to conserve energy in your house hold
F one strand of dna had a base sequence of a-t-t-g-c-a, what base order would be found on the complementary strand of dna?
In what part of the cell is the protein molecule made and what structure is the site of protein synthesis?
A hard ossified bone in an adult actually begins within the embryo as a miniature version composed of
Ossification is the process of bone formation, and it occurs through intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. In intramembranous ossification, bone develops directly from fibrous membranes. This process is involved in the formation of flat bones in the skull, mandible, and clavicles.
Explanation:Ossification is the process of bone formation, and it can occur through two osteogenic pathways: intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. In intramembranous ossification, bone develops directly from fibrous membranes. This process is involved in the formation of flat bones in the skull, mandible, and clavicles. As mesenchymal cells form a template of the future bone, they differentiate into osteoblasts at the ossification center. Osteoblasts secrete the extracellular matrix and deposit calcium, hardening the matrix and forming spongy bone. Further tissue differentiation forms the red bone marrow and remodels the spongy bone into compact bone.
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Explain Why does the specimen must be centered in the field of view on low power before going to higher power
The vena cava brings blood loaded with co2 to the (a)________________, that delivers the blood to the (b)______________. this chamber pumps the co2 loaded blood through the (c)_____to the d)____________ where co2 is released and red blood cells take on (e)_________________. blood then returns to the heart through the (f)________________ and enters the (g) ___________ . this chamber delivers blood into the (h)_____ that pumps it through the (i)______________________ to all parts of the body. the walls of the (j)_____are much thicker than the walls of the (k)___________. this thick, muscular wall allows for effective circulation of blood through the (l) _____circuit.
The vena cava brings blood loaded with CO2 to the right atrium, that delivers the blood to the right ventricle. This chamber pumps the co2 loaded blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs where co2 is released and red blood cells take on oxygen. Blood then returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein and enters the left atrium. This chamber delivers blood into the left ventricle that pumps it through aorta to all parts of the body.
The walls of the left ventricle are much thicker than the walls of the right ventricle. This thick, muscular walls allows for effective circulation of blood through the cardiac circuit.
The explanations are in the file attached.
A. The right answer is right atrium.
B. The right answer is right ventricle.
C. The right answer is pulmonary artery.
D. The right answer is lungs.
E. The right answer is oxygen.
F. The right answer is pulmonary vein.
G. The right answer is left atrium.
H. The right answer is left ventricle.
I. The right answer is aorta.
J and K. The right answer is left ventricle (j) and right ventricle (k).
L. The right answer is cardiac.
Explain how the appearance of the chromatogram might change if the chromatographic paper were initiallywet with water or had come in contact with the skin
Final answer:
The appearance of a chromatogram could be negatively affected if the chromatographic paper is wet or contaminated by skin contact, leading to uneven solvent front advancement and irregular sample migration, which disrupts the separation process.
Explanation:
When conducting paper chromatography, the condition of the chromatographic paper is crucial for achieving a clean separation of compounds. If the paper were initially wet with water, the starting condition for chromatography would be disrupted. The water would interfere with the movement of the solvent (the mobile phase) and the sample, possibly leading to uneven solvent front advancement, and it might solubilize the sample differently, altering the travel rate of the components. This could result in a smeared or distorted chromatogram.
Contact with skin oils can similarly alter the chromatography process. The oils could create regions on the paper with different affinities for the sample and the solvent, which can affect adsorption and cause irregular migration of the sample during solvent elution. Therefore, it's essential to handle paper chromatography materials with clean gloves to avoid contamination that can lead to a problematic chromatogram.
If you were looking at epithelial tissue in an are of the body where exchange of gases takes place, would you expect to see simple or stratified tissue?
Final answer:
In areas of the body where gas exchange occurs, one would expect to find simple epithelial tissue, specifically simple squamous epithelia, which allows for efficient diffusion due to its single layer of cells.
Explanation:
When looking at epithelial tissue in an area of the body where the exchange of gases takes place, such as the lining of the lungs or the walls of the alveoli, you would expect to see simple epithelial tissue, specifically simple squamous epithelia. This type of tissue is organized as a single layer of cells, allowing for more efficient diffusion of gases due to the minimal thickness and larger surface area relative to volume. In contrast, stratified epithelial tissue is formed by several layers of cells and is not suited for areas of gas exchange as it is thicker and designed for protective roles, such as on the outer layer of the skin. It is important to note that some epithelial tissues may appear stratified due to the different levels of their nuclei; this is known as pseudostratified epithelium. An example of this is found in the respiratory tract, where such cells are equipped with cilia and goblet cells to move mucus and trap irritants, thereby offering protection to underlying tissues.
What is the purpose of phosphorylating glucose in cytosol?
How do endocytosis and exocytosis differ from diffusion?
Endocytosis and exocytosis are cellular transport processes that differ from diffusion. Endocytosis involves taking in substances from the outside environment, while exocytosis involves releasing substances to the outside environment.
Explanation:Endocytosis and exocytosis are both processes of cellular transport that differ from diffusion. In endocytosis, the cell takes in substances from the outside environment by enclosing them in a portion of its plasma membrane. This can include large molecules or even other cells. Exocytosis, on the other hand, is the process by which the cell releases substances to the outside environment. This is done by merging vesicles containing the substances with the plasma membrane and then allowing the contents to be released.
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Cell division occurs in which layer of the skin milady
Compare the reaction times for voluntary vs. involuntary activation of the quadriceps muscle. what might account for the observed differences in reaction times? outline what has to occur in the body for each reaction to occur. refer to your drawing from step 23. information from the flow chart you created in activity 2.2.1 might also be helpfu
The involuntary action or reflex of the quadriceps muscle is actually much faster than that of the voluntary action. This is because involuntary reflex action does not have to take the time of travelling to our brain before the action is created. While the voluntary response requires us first to feel the stimuli, decide what to act, and then send an impulse to the muscle in order to act.
The voluntary activation involves conscious control, while involuntary activation is reflexive. Central nervous system processing and spinal reflexes contribute to differences.
In voluntary activation of the quadriceps muscle, the initiation of movement is under conscious control.
This process involves complex signaling from the brain to the muscles. The key steps include:
Decision-Making: The brain, particularly the motor cortex, makes a conscious decision to activate the quadriceps muscle.
Motor Neuron Activation: Signals from the motor cortex travel down the spinal cord to activate motor neurons in the anterior horn.
Neuromuscular Junction: Motor neurons release neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, at the neuromuscular junction.
Muscle Fiber Activation: Acetylcholine binds to receptors on muscle fibers, initiating an action potential that leads to muscle contraction.
Involuntary activation, particularly through a reflex arc, is a rapid and automatic response to a stimulus without conscious involvement. The steps include:
Sensory Receptor Stimulation: A stimulus, such as a tap on the patellar tendon, activates sensory receptors called proprioceptors.
Sensory Neuron Activation: Sensory neurons transmit signals to the spinal cord.
Motor Neuron Activation: In the spinal cord, interneurons relay the signal to motor neurons, bypassing the brain.
Neuromuscular Junction: Motor neurons stimulate muscle fibers to contract, causing the reflexive extension of the quadriceps.
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The energy used by sperm to move up the fallopian tube is stored in the _____ of the sperm's midpiece.
The energy used by sperm to move up the fallopian tube is stored in the epididymis of the sperm's midpiece. The epididymis is a tube located at the back of the testicles. During ejaculation, the sperm move from the lower part of the epididymis. They have not been activated by products from the prostate gland yet, and they are not able to swim. However, they are transported through the peristaltic action of muscle layers within the vas deferens. They are mixed with the diluting fluids of the seminal vesicles and other accessory glands before ejaculation.
An RNA sequence includes 12 bases. What is the maximum number of amino acids for which this sequence could code?
RNA has adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine bases that get represented in a three-letter code called codons. As if RNA sequence includes 12 bases it means it can code for 4 amino acids.
What are amino acids?Amino acids are the building blocks of protein that combine to form a polypeptide chain.
These are coded by codons that are formed by the combination of 3 bases of RNA.
As in the RNA sequence with 12 bases, 4 amino acids will get coded.
Thus, the maximum number of amino acids for which this sequence could code is 4.
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A biologist is in the process of classifying and newly discovered fungus. The fungus is a decomposer and has sac-like structures. To which group does the organism most likely belong?
The complete set of genetic instructions in an organism's chromosomes is called the
Hich reactants required for the light dependent reactions. in other words, what goes into the light reactions?
Answer:
Explanation:
sunlight
What are at least three ways a toxin can enter an animals body??
The three ways on how toxins can enter an animal’s body is:
1. Oral Entry. This is through the mouth- the food they eat or the liquid they drink.
2. Derma Entry. This is through skin and the eyes.
3. Respiratory Entry. This is through the mouth and nose.
If a cell is like a school, then the nucleus would be
Answer:
principle or the front office
Explanation:
When using the scientific method, what should be the first step?
Answer:
Observation
Explanation:
The scientific method is a series of steps or procedure through which scientists come to conclusion about the natural world.
Chronologically, the scientific method involves the following steps:
ObservationFormulation of hypothesis from observationTesting of hypothesis through experimentationConclusionHence, the first step is observation.
once the deer population goes significantly above carrying capacity , describe what happens to the deer population in years following.
In general, enzymes are what kinds of molecules? in general, enzymes are what kinds of molecules? minerals proteins nucleic acids lipids carbohydrates
Answer:
Explanation:
Proteins
An employee of a nursing home is injured on the job while lifting patients. she believes her back has been injured, but not badly. what is the initial action she should be taking after hurting her back.
The employee should immediately report the injury to her supervisor, stop any strenuous activities, and seek medical attention to avoid worsened back injury. Proper lifting techniques and assistive equipment are essential in healthcare settings to minimize the risks of back injuries.
When an employee, such as a nursing home worker, experiences a potential back injury on the job, the immediate steps should be geared towards minimizing further injury and beginning the process of assessment and treatment. The initial action would include reporting the injury to a supervisor, ceasing any activities that might exacerbate the injury, and seeking medical attention, even if the injury seems minor. It is crucial to understand that even when lifting patients who are cooperative and relatively light, there is a high risk of back injury due to the awkward biomechanics involved.
Given that healthcare jobs are among the most susceptible to back injuries, with studies indicating high spinal load measurements for nurses during patient handling tasks, it is imperative to adhere to proper lifting techniques and use of assistive equipment if available. Abnormal forces created in the back muscles and the spine can lead to muscle strain, disc damage, and other serious injuries. The nursing home should have protocols in place for such incidents, which typically include documentation of the injury, immediate first aid or medical care, and potentially an examination by a healthcare professional.
Researchers indicate that excessive amounts of cortisol may result in the development of gigantism.
T
F
Answer:
false
Explanation Gigantism is caused due to the overproduction of growth hormones such as Somatotropin by the pituitary glands due to a damaged control mechanism.
The cell uses the process of what to move large amounts of waste out of the cell quickly.
The movement of the arms and legs is accomplished by the _____ subdivision of the peripheral nervous system. sympathetic somatic parasympathetic spinal cord
The movement of arms and legs is performed by the Somatic subdivision.
The peripheral nervous system is classified
into two categories, the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous
system. The somatic controls the actions of arms and legs.
Answer:
Somatic
Which describes organs in the human body?
Organs in the human body consist of different types of tissues working together to perform specific tasks. They are organized into organ systems, which have overall functions. The human body has eleven organ systems.
Explanation:Organs are structures in the human body that consist of two or more types of tissues working together to perform a specific task. Examples of organs include the brain, heart, lungs, skin, and kidneys. Organs are organized into organ systems, such as the skeletal and muscular systems, which work together to carry out complex functions.
Each organ system has a specific overall function. For example, the digestive system is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients. It includes organs such as the stomach, intestines, and liver. The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The respiratory system involves organs like the lungs, which facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Overall, the human body has eleven organ systems, each with its own set of organs and functions.
The human body is composed of organs and organ systems, with organs being made up of tissues and each organ system performing a complex overall function. There are eleven organ systems, each including specific organs that work together. Interconnectivity among these systems illustrates that many organs have roles in multiple systems.
Explanation:Organs and Organ Systems in the Human BodyThe human body is a complex system that is organized into several levels of organization. At a high level, organs are structures made up of two or more types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function. Organs are then assembled into organ systems, each of which has a complex overall function vital to the body's health and sustainability. There are eleven main organ systems in the human body, and each system encompasses a number of organs that work collaboratively.
For example, the circulatory system includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels and functions to transport nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. The respiratory system, involving the lungs and airways, allows for the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen. It's important to note that many organs contribute to more than one system, indicating the interconnectedness of the body's structure.
In summary, the body's hierarchy starts with cells forming tissues that then create organs, which are then organized into organ systems. These systems include the skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory, nervous, endocrine, reproductive, lymphatic, and integumentary systems, each having vital roles that contribute to the overall functioning and homeostasis of the human organism.
Describe the distribution of charge within an atom and how the subatomic particles contribute.
can you explain more please?---------------
A plant cell can "BLANK" substances between its internal and external environment.
a) randomly transfer
b) selectively transfer