Answer: Relate to their managers and deal with organizations from the outside
Explanation:
Philosophical ethics
A. examines ethics from a religious standpoint.
B. examines ethics from a psychological standpoint.
C. examines ethics from a critical or evaluative standpoint.
D. examines ethics from a historical and sociological standpoint
Answer:
C. examines ethics from a critical or evaluative standpoint.
Explanation:
Philosophical ethics examines ethics from a critical or evaluative standpoint.
Philosophical ethics involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior from a critical and evaluative standpoint. There are four broad classes of ethical theories, these are; utilitarianism, rights, virtues and deontology.
When Estrella reads the text from her friend in the emergency room, she immediately knows that something is wrong. This is an example of _____.
Answer: Listening
Explanation:
According to the given question, when Estella try to read the given text in emergency room that is given from her friend and the she immediately realize that the something went wrong.
This is best illustrating the example of listening as it is the ability of interpreting the given message and then convert in into the effective communication process.
It is one o the ability that properly understand the speaker and then immoderately interpreting the information.
Therefore, Listening is the correct answer.
Nadia Ali loves the feel of her new sweater and the smell of her leather car seats on a crisp fall day. As she passes a billboard, she sees an ad for Baskin-Robbins ice cream and immediately does a U-turn into the shopping center where she knows the famous ice cream store is located. In the above example, Nadia is responding to _____
Answer:
Sensory inputs emanating from the external environment
Explanation:
Sensory inputs are very important to us. Sensory inputs are responsible for sensory response in the sensory organs. Its response when getting external stimuli. External stimuli are perceived by us through our senses such as auditory, taste, smell, sight, and touch. A person who feels something in their environment just because of our senses works for us. These sensory get input from the environment sent massage through nervousness into the brain.
Thus Nadia loves the feel her new sweater and feels smell leather of her car in crisp fall day. She sees an ad about basketball. She feels the taste of ice-cream in the ice cream parlor. These all happened because of her all sensory inputs.
Nadia is responding to advertising and associative learning, which uses positive associations to trigger responses and desires towards a product, as illustrated by the Baskin-Robbins ice cream advertisement.
Explanation:In the example provided, Nadia is responding to advertising and associative learning. When she sees the Baskin-Robbins ice cream advertisement, it triggers her to make an immediate U-turn to visit the store. This is how advertising taps into our subconscious by associating positive feelings or desires (like craving for ice cream) with the product shown. It's similar to how car advertisements may feature attractive models to associate the car with desirability, as described by Cialdini (2008). Residents of a pleasant neighborhood or viewers of an engaging Super Bowl ad may also respond subconsciously to the contextual cues placed in advertisements, much like Nadia's response to the billboard
Active listening is a communication technique in which the ______________ provides feedback to confirm what they have heard and to confirm the understanding of all parties.
Final answer:
Active listening is where the listener actively engages in a conversation by providing feedback, asking clarifying questions, and using affirming body language to build understanding and rapport. It is essential across various fields, particularly in therapy and research interviews, to ensure accurate communication and to foster a supportive environment.
Explanation:
Active listening is a communication technique in which the listener provides feedback to confirm what they have heard and to confirm the understanding of all parties. It involves the listener giving feedback, confirming understanding by asking questions, and making clarifying statements rather than focusing on what they want to say. This skill is crucial for building trust and rapport, which is why it is heavily emphasized in fields such as therapy, research, and any situation that requires an interview.
Good active listening in an interview setting involves gestures like nodding, maintaining eye contact, asking follow-up questions, and providing verbal affirmations that show the speaker they are being heard. In qualitative research, for instance, active listening is more dynamic, including probes that allow the listener to delve deeper into the respondent's answers without leading them. This stands in contrast to quantitative research, where the probing would be more uniform and less influenced by the interviewer's perspective.
In client-centered therapy, active listening is even more critical. Therapists practice unconditional positive regard along with active listening, acknowledging, restating, and clarifying what the client communicates to nurture personal growth.
When every individual in a large population has a small but equal chance of being included in a survey, researchers are using a procedure known as
Answer:
Random sampling
Explanation:
In research, the term random sampling refers to the use of procedures involving just chance when creating groups for a study so that each participant has the same opportunity to be assigned to any group. In other words, the participants get to be randomly assigned to the groups and therefore this creates a more valid experiment. Since the participants are randomly assigned, this method helps ensure that the characteristics of the participants don't affect the results of the study (since they were randomly assigned)
Therefore, when every individual in a large population has a small but equal chance of being included in a survey, researchers are using a procedure known as random sampling.
Researchers use "random sampling" to give each individual in a large population an equal chance of being included in a survey.
When every individual in a large population has a small but equal chance of being included in a survey, researchers are using a procedure known as "random sampling."
Random sampling is a fundamental method in survey research and statistics. It ensures that each member of the population has an equal opportunity to be selected, which, in turn, helps in obtaining a representative sample that reflects the broader population's characteristics and diversity. The key principle behind random sampling is randomness, where each member of the population is chosen entirely by chance, without any bias or systematic pattern.
To implement random sampling, researchers typically use techniques like simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, or cluster sampling, depending on the study's goals and constraints. Simple random sampling involves selecting individuals purely by chance, like drawing names from a hat. Stratified random sampling divides the population into subgroups or strata and then randomly selects individuals from each stratum. Cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters or groups and randomly selecting clusters to survey.
Random sampling helps reduce selection bias and allows for generalizing survey results to the larger population with a known degree of statistical confidence. It is a critical tool for ensuring that research findings are valid, reliable, and applicable beyond the surveyed sample, making it a cornerstone of scientific research and market analysis.
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What type of unethical example is the following situation?
Members of a household or relatives with whom you have a close personal relationship.
A. Misuse of position.
B. Covered relationship.
C. Personal conflict of interest.
D. None, this is not an example of an unethical situation.
Answer:
B. Covered relationship.
Explanation:
In ethics, covered relationship is a term used to describe a wide variety of personal and business relationships that an employee or his family members may have with outside parties. Members of a household or relatives with whom you have a close personal relationship is an example of covered relationship.
Citizens and the media today often frown on congressional deliberations and government's slow pace. What might the Founders argue about the slow pace of government?
Answer:
Slow decision making process and policy implementation is a characteristic of democratic forms of governance. Though it might appear to the citizens and media as unnecessary disadvantage, it allows American government to make more educated decisions, take into account the interests of various groups and work out the optimal solutions to the problems.
In such a large country as the United States these process would be considerably slower than in democracies with smaller population and territory, like many European states.
Imagine that you are paraphrasing a passage from two articles- one published in 2002 titled "Unconscious Perception in Formation of Love Attitudes" by M. Mutchnick and R. Peltier and another article by M. Simpson, B. Simpson, and B. Grant published in 1999 and titled "The Origins of Love: An Evolutionary Perspective". Which of the following in-text citations would be correct according to APA style?
A) Two recent studies have investigated how love develops (Simpson, M., Simpson, B., & Grant, B., 1999;
B) Two recent studies have investigated how love develops (Mutchnick, M. & Peltier, R., 2002; Simpson, M
C) Two recent studies have investigated how love develops (Mutchnick, & Peltier 2002; Simpson, Simpson
D) Two recent studies have investigated how love develops (Simpson, Simpson, & Grant, 1999; Mutchnic
Answer:
D) Two recent studies have investigated how love develops (Simpson, Simpson, & Grant, 1999; Mutchnick, & Peltier, 2002
Explanation:
In APA referencing style, the older publication date comes first and the most recent comes last and initials are not included in the names of the authors when citing them.
Holism refers to
Group of answer choices
A. the comparative study of cultures.
B. an approach in anthropology that parallels participant observation.
C. a focus on the small details of culture.
D. the study of the whole of the human condition.
Answer:
D. the study of the whole of the human condition.
Explanation:
Holism: In anthropology, the term holism is referred to as the perspective related to the human conditions and it assumes that body, society, mind, individuals, and the environment merges and also explains one another. It integrates everything related to human beings and associated activities.
In the question above, Holism refers to the study of the whole of the human condition.
Perry found that as college students were exposed to new ideas and viewpoints, they came to understand that it is possible to hold ________________ on an issue
Answer: Multiple perspectives
Explanation: Multiple perspectives and thinking thus created have a much greater ability to solve problems, therefore on any issue. So with new ideas and points of view, the ability to think on an issue increases and so does the problem-solving performance. All this has been proven by scientific research, and the greater the number of ideas, points of view and perspectives, the greater the number of emerging solutions that have been offered. This is because from multiple perspectives, the problem can be viewed from several aspects, so the number of solutions offered is larger, that is, it can be accessed from multiple starting points.
________ research approach uses concepts and tools from anthropology and other social science disciplines to provide deep cultural understanding of how people live and work.
Answer: Ethnographic research
Explanation:
Ethnographic research is the study that is carried out to understand people and their culture and environment that exist around us through observation .Analysis of these factors are done on basis of interviewing them to extract information about their social system.
Participant of the research are studied in traditional manner to know about their living, discipline ,practices and settings.Data and facts are gathered on basis of research that might take event years
Home security can be improved with self-help measures like changing locks, securing windows, and improving outdoor lighting.
A) True
B) False
Final answer:
The statement is true; improving home security can be achieved with measures like changing locks, securing windows, and enhancing outdoor lighting. Additional steps include ensuring homes are well insulated and implementing specific safety adaptations for older adults, along with personal protection tactics.
Explanation:
The statement that home security can be improved with self-help measures like changing locks, securing windows, and improving outdoor lighting is true. Taking steps to make your own home safe includes not only those mentioned but also ensuring that homes are well insulated and using energy-efficient resources. For instance, installing energy-efficient windows is important to avoid energy transfer to the outside, which can be an indirect safety measure, as a well-lit and temperature-regulated environment may discourage intrusion and provide comfort.
When thinking about safety measures for older adults, one needs to consider additional precautions such as eliminating slip hazards, installing handrails, and making sure the house is easy to navigate. This can also extend to ensuring there is sufficient outdoor lighting to prevent falls and make it easy to move around safely at night.
Another aspect to consider is personal protection measures. For instance, women and students may carry items for self-defense or take self-defense classes, which highlights the importance of personal responsibility in safety and security measures.
Walter and Joanna have been trying to have a baby for over a year. Walter's Aunt Rae tells them not to worry because a friend of her neighbor's daughter had the same problem and then had two children in rapid succession. Walter and Joanna are more inclined to see a specialist rather than rely on Aunt Rae's advice because it reflects:____________.
Answer:
Walter and Joanna are more inclined to see a specialist rather than rely on Aunt Rae's advice because it reflects perceiving order in random events.
Explanation:
Though the example given by Aunt Rae would be true to its extreme, but cannot be guaranteed that the same would happen with Walter and Joanna. The example that Aunt Rae gave was utterly random and hence relying on the possibility of the same would be deemed as risky as far as the passing time and the reducing fertility of both Walter and Joanna with time was concerned.Aunt Rae's advice to Walter and Joanna is based on anecdotal evidence, i.e., a personal story or isolated instance. Instead, Walter and Joanna prefer to seek advice from a specialist who bases their guidance on scientific research and professional expertise.
Explanation:Walter and Joanna are more inclined to see a specialist because Aunt Rae's advice reflects what is known as anecdotal evidence. This is the term used when someone uses a personal experience or an isolated example instead of a sound argument or compelling evidence. In medical and health-related decisions, professional expertise and scientific research are usually more reliable than personal stories or experiences. Therefore, Walter and Joanna trust a specialist's advice concerning fertility issues instead of Aunt Rae's anecdotal evidence.
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Sociologist Daniel Rossides uses a five-class model to describe the class system of the United States. What percent of people does he categorize as being in the working class?
The correct answer is 40 to 45 percent
People holding regular manual or blue-collar jobs. Certain members of this class, such as electricians, may have higher incomes than people in the lower-middle class. Roughly 40 to 45 percent of the United States
A nurse overhears another nurse make a statement that indicates racism. The nurse makes this determination based on which characteristic indicative of social value?
A. Skin color
B. Language
C. Dress
D. Size
Answer: A. Skin colour
Explanation: When one determines social value on the basis of skin colour, then it is racism, because one values someone's general value and therefore the position in society on the basis of race. Race is determined by skin colour because, for example, two members of different races can speak the same language. Also size or dress does not determine race, size may be characteristic of particular ethnic groups within one race, but also within other races, so size does not predetermine race. There is intolerance between, say, two nations of the white race, it is not racism then, such a conflict can grow on religious, political and similar grounds but not racial. Racism is only about skin colour, so determining one's worth or attitude toward someone based on whether they are black, white, yellow or red.
A sociologist observes two people walking in a park. The clothing, mannerisms, and style of walking seem to distinguish one person as wealthy and one person as poor. These distinctions are examples of
a. subcultures
b. cultural capital
c. assimilation
d. cultural appropriation
Answer:
cultural capital
Explanation:
Under the field of Sociology, cultural capital constitutes all the social assets of a person that society may consider valuable such as wealth, style of dressing, speech ,education, intellect that promote social mobility in a class-stratified society
In the example above, the sociologist easily distinguishes two people based on these social assets.
In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories is called _____.
Answer:
Repression
Explanation:
Repression is a type of defense mechanism that is used in psychological terms to repress the feelings, emotions and thought by a person. The purpose of this defense mechanism is to take away the feelings of emotions, thought from the conscious to minimize the feelings of thought anxiety, etc. It is not as so simple as it looks.
It is not just simply to avoid thought, belief, etc. In the Freudian view, it is completely hiding things from consciousness. These hidden feelings will start to create a problem in personal behavior and personality. The defense mechanism was proposed by Sigmund Freud and his daughter Anna Freud.
A celebrity actress experiences ever-increasing levels of professional acclaim following each successful movie role. Yet with each success, she experiences no more than a temporary surge of subjective well-being. This is best explained in terms of
Answer: Adaptation-Level Phenomenon
Explanation:
Adaptation-Level Phenomenon is defined as situation in which individual tend to adjust in any new surrounding and environment rapidly till it becomes standard surrounding.This phenomena helps in adapting new situations to neutral level.
According to the question, celebrity is getting professional praise after every successful movie and then she tends to gain new appraisal again after the situation become normal or adaptive.Thus she is facing adaptation level phenomena.
The idea that competition, not conflict, helps maintain social cohesion was put forward by:_________A. Émile Durkheim. B. Adam Smith. C. Georg Simmel. D. Max Weber.
Answer:
Adam Smith
Explanation:
Adam Smith, known today as "Father of the economy", has put out the idea that competition, self-interest, and need to gain guide the rational thinking.
By this social cohesion is maintainable and it leads to economic prosperity
These ideas of his are the guiding points of division of labor and laissez-faire economic policies, which proposes that people are prone to rational thinking and that the government should not be involved in economics.
When you stare at a picture for a long time, it doesn’t fade away because your eye is making tiny eye movements that are called glissades.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
The answer is "Option B"
Explanation:
A way to roll down from slope with the help of an ice ax is called glissades, and when we look at an image for a long time, our eye makes small motions of your head, this process is known as Troxler or the Troxler effect.
It is also known as an optical illusion, that affects visual perception. When an unchanging sensation away from the fixation point fades away and stops, if you set a certain point for even a short time, that's why it is false.State legislatures can extend the duration of time the juvenile court has jurisdiction over youth for disposition purposes, of doing so is in the best interests of the juveniles and the state. True or False.
Answer: True
Explanation:
Through extended jurisdiction mechanisms, legislatures enable the court to provide sanctions and services for a duration of time that is in the best interests of the juvenile and the public, even for older juveniles who have reached the age at which original juvenile court jurisdiction ends.
True, State legislatures can extend juvenile court jurisdiction for disposition if it serves the interests of the juvenile and the state, aiming to balance public safety and rehabilitation.
State legislatures indeed have the power to extend the duration of time the juvenile court has jurisdiction over youth for disposition purposes if it is deemed to be in the best interests of the juvenile and the state. This pertains to the juvenile court's ability to retain jurisdiction instead of waiving it to adult court based on various criteria such as the nature and sophistication of the offense, the juvenile's criminal history, and the public safety threat. The juvenile system, which was originally focused on rehabilitation, has seen shifts in some states towards harsher sanctions with the goal of promoting public safety. However, there is significant evidence suggesting that juveniles who remain within the juvenile system are less likely to re-offend compared to those transferred to the adult system. This speaks to the importance of maintaining a rehabilitative approach within the juvenile justice system.
the structural variability among individuals in intimate relationships and families has led many social scientists to refer to the family as
a. nontraditional
b. postmodern
c. extended
d. heterogenous
Answer:
Postmodern
Explanation:
Postmodernism is also called postmodernism. It is the reaction against the intellectual assumption of modern history. There is an objective that is independent of existence and logically of a human being in their society and social practices.
The postmodernist rejects the idea of naive realism. Human beings change their societies for the betterment. It is said that modern societies will be more futuristic, modern and enlightened. Reasons and logic are universally valid in all societies. For example the social norms and regulations, their law are almost the same in all societies.
According to the James-Lange theory, emotional states ______ (preceded/follow) physiological responses
Answer:
Follow
Explanation:
The James-Lange theory is the famous theory. This theory was related to emotions. In this theory, the psychologist said that emotions are the result of physiological response. According to this theory, our emotional response is the result of physiological action. This theory was developed by Carl Lange and William James.
For instance suppose you are walking on the road and you hear a voice that comes from bushes, Your heart starts pounding and you start running if there is a need to run. Physiological needs sensation constitutes the emotions so that a person feels fear.
Carol has a job in which she directly supports and helps the work efforts of others to achieve specific performance goals. Carol is a --------
Answer:
Carol is a performance manager.
Explanation:
Performance management involves documenting performance outcomes and helping coworkers to apply their talents towards accomplishing the firm's goals. A performance manager provides feedback and documents performance outcomes. She also provides support to help her coworkers to perform better. It involves people management in the sense that a performance manager needs to motivate her coworkers and provide them with the tools they need to bring success to their positions so they can effectively and efficiently perform their tasks.
Mendel performed numerous controlled genetic crosses to obtain strains that consistently produced a single phenotype without variation. What are these strains that consistently produce the same phenotype called?
Answer:
True breeding strain
Explanation:
True breeding organism transfers their certain traits or characteristics in their all offspring. The true-breeding offspring appears to be identical in all ways. They respond to the environment in the same way.
They are homogeneous and their characteristics are responsible that differentiate between one member to another member of a species. There are many examples of true breeding such as animals, plants. Many of the breeder who wants to create a true-breeding strain. There are a few techniques that have been used in true strain breeding.
The following is a list of the events that occur during a muscle contraction.
1. Myosin cross-bridges bind to the actin.
2. The free myosin head splits ATP.
3. Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
4. The myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere.
5. Calcium ion binds to troponin.
6. The myosin head binds an ATP molecule and detaches from the actin.
The correct sequence of these events is
-1, 4, 6, 2, 3, 5.
-3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2.
-3, 5, 1, 2, 4, 6.
-1, 3, 5, 4, 6, 2.
-5, 1, 4, 6, 2, 3.
Answer: The answer is 3,5,1,4,6,2
Explanation: A muscle contraction is an increase in the tension (force exerted by the muscle on a bone) or a decrease in the length of a muscle. The steps that occurs during muscle contraction are:
1. Depolarization of the T-tubules causes release of calcium from the lateral sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
2. Calcium binds to the troponin-tropomyosin complex in the actin filaments,releasing the inhibition that prevented actin from combining with myosin.
3. Myosin head attaches to the exposed site of actin and forms cross bridges by utilizing energy from ATP hydrolysis. It is at this stage that the contraction of the muscle occurs .
4. ATP binds to the myosin cross-bridge, breaking the actin-myosin bond and allowing the cross-bridge to dissociate from actin.
5. Cross-bridge activation continues as long as the concentration of calcium remains high enough to inhibit the action of the troponin-tropomyosin system.
When stimulation ceases, calcium moves back into the lateral sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum .
6. Removal of calcium restores the inhibitory action of
troponin-tropomyosin. In the presence of ATP, actin and myosin remain in the dissociated, relaxed state.
Final answer:
The correct sequence of events during muscle contraction starts with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, followed by calcium binding to troponin, myosin cross-bridge binding to actin, the power stroke of myosin head, detachment of the myosin head upon ATP binding, and ends with ATP splitting by the myosin head.
Explanation:
To understand muscle contraction, we must look at the sequence of events involving the interaction between actin and myosin filaments within a muscle cell. When a muscle fiber is stimulated by a nerve impulse, the following sequence occurs:
Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.Calcium ion binds to troponin on the thin actin filaments.The myosin binding sites on actin are exposed, and myosin cross-bridges bind to the actin.The myosin head then undergoes a power stroke, which is the force-generating process. During this step, phosphate (P1) is released, and the myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere, pulling the actin with it.The myosin head binds a new molecule of ATP and detaches from the actin.Finally, the free myosin head splits the ATP into ADP and phosphate, ready to begin another contraction cycle if stimulated again.Thus, the correct sequence of events during a muscle contraction is: 3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2. This sequence ensures that muscle fibers contract with efficiency, leading to the coordinated contraction of the muscle.
The community the person lives in, the state of their health, and what the agency determines the person needs. What should the service plan for the person who is supported reflect?
Answer:
The values, dreams, goals, needs and desires of the person
Explanation:
The service plan for a person is the detail plan and activities that are required for a person to achieve one's life goals and dreams. Every individual should have a service plan based on the community in which the person lives and that state of his or her health.
The individual service plan of any person should consists of the person's dreams, values, principles, needs, goals and his or her desires.
What do the Puritans demand of the remaining population of Indians to ensure their survival? What sacrifices did these Indians make"" How did they articulate their profound sadness and loss?
Answers with Explanations:
1. What do the Puritans demand of the remaining population of Indians to ensure their survival?
Puritans were English Protestants who belonged to the Church of England. They were not satisfied with the purification of the Church, thus they focused on reforming it. Their religious opinions were considered a national threat, especially to the King, thus many of them fled and tried to find a new place in order to spread their beliefs. Many of them migrated, with most of them going to North America. They wanted to convert the people in the area. Although there was language barrier, they were able to communicate through sign languages.
The conflict between the Puritans and the Indians started when the "Pequots" (the most powerful Native American in the valley) started having suspicions on the number of settlers who tried to inhabit their land. The war started between them with many Indians dying. Some who survived were set on fire, while others were sold as slaves. Among the hundreds of inhabitants, it is said that only 7 survived. The Puritans then demanded that they will be given the chance to live if they will become civilized and accept instructions about God.
2. What sacrifices did these Indians make and how did they articulate their profound sadness and loss?
Many of the tribes, including women and children were burned to death. These were some of the sacrifices made by the Indians in order to protect their colony. However, they were still defeated.
In order to adapt to the belief of one Supreme God, the Indians needed to forget about their belief on the "Master Spirit" and the immortality of the human soul after dying. Such colonization of the "New England Indians" became attracted for many Indians in the South. Thus, they also became interested in the God of the English people.
The zone of proximal development refers to the gap between the actual developmental level of a child versus the potential developmental level that the child is capable of with some assistance by more knowledgeable others.
a) true
b) false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The given statement is true.
Zone of Proximal development means difference between what a person can do with no help and what a person can do with guidance or with help from a person who is skilled in that particular field. Thus, the term “proximal” means the skills that child or the learner is trying to learn and close to master in that area.
For example: A child doing a mathematics problem with the help of parent or his teacher but is unable to do when he is alone.
While specialization allows firms to produce many goods and services at lower production and transaction costs than individuals can, most households still produce some goods and services for themselves. Which of the following provides a reason for this? Check all that apply.
a. Technological advances such as computers, crock pots, and bread makers have increased households' efficiency in producing many goods and services.
b. Households can minimize spillover benefits by producing some goods and services for themselves.
c. Household production provides a way to avoid taxes.
d. The production of some goods and services requires special skills or resources.
Answer:
A, C
Explanation:
Technological advances such as computers, crock pots, and bread makers have increased households' efficiency in producing many goods and services, for example individuals can easily bake and produce somethings within the confines of their homes and with the information age, with click of the computer, individuals have access to different home made production process, do-it-yourself.
There is also no tax on household made goods.
Final answer:
The correct options that provide reasons for households still producing some goods and services for themselves are: a. Technological advances such as computers, crock pots, and bread makers have increased households' efficiency in producing many goods and services, and c. Household production provides a way to avoid taxes.
Explanation:
While specialization and economies of scale allow firms to produce goods and services at lower costs, households still engage in producing some goods and services themselves due to technological advances and the desire to avoid taxes. Technological innovations have made it easier and more cost-effective for households to produce certain items. Furthermore, engaging in household production can minimize economic exchanges that are subject to taxation.