retroactive interference
Benton experiencing difficulty in recalling his former address while remembering his current one exemplifies retroactive interference, where new information blocks the retrieval of older, related information.
Explanation:Benton appears to be experiencing retroactive interference. This is when newly learned information interferes with the retrieval of older information. For example, Benton's inability to remember his previous address could be because his current address is more prominently in his mind, blocking the ability to retrieve the former one.
Proactive interference, on the other hand, occurs when old information hinders the recall of newly learned information, which is not the case here. Other concepts such as repression and memory decay do not apply in this context as they describe different memory phenomena. Repression refers to the unconscious blocking of unpleasant memories, and memory decay suggests that memories weaken over time when not used. The situation described with Benton is more specifically tied to the competition between memories where the newer one is prominent, fitting the definition of retroactive interference.
If average fixed costs equal $60 and average total costs equal $120 when output is 100, the total variable cost must be:
The average variable cost per unit is 60 cents
Total costs= fixed costs + (variable costs x number of units)
Solve where x= variable cost per unit
$120= $60 + $100x Subtract 60 from both sides
60 = 100x Divide by 100
x = $0.60
To calculate the total variable cost with given average fixed costs of $60 and average total costs of $120 at an output of 100, you subtract the average fixed cost from the average total cost to find the average variable cost, and then multiply by the output to find the total variable cost, which is $6000.
To find the total variable cost given the average fixed costs and average total costs for a certain output, we will use the following definitions:
Average total costs (ATC) is the sum of average fixed costs (AFC) and average variable costs (AVC). Mathematically, ATC = AFC + AVC. Since we are given that AFC = $60 and ATC = $120 when output (Q) is 100, we can substitute these values into the equation to get $120 = $60 + AVC. Solving for AVC gives us AVC = $120 - $60, so AVC = $60. We can then calculate the total variable cost (TVC) by multiplying the AVC by the output Q: TVC = AVC * Q. Substituting AVC = $60 and Q = 100, we have TVC = $60 * 100, which equals $6000. Therefore, the total variable cost when the output is 100 is $6000.
From a(n) _____ standpoint, the effect on performance motivation may be limited in ownership program because of the less obvious link between pay and performance.A. agency theoryB. equity theoryC. efficiency wage theoryD. reinforcement theoryE. contract theory
From a D. Reinforcement theory standpoint, the effect on performance motivation may be limited in ownership program because of the less obvious link between pay and performance. The reinforcement theory states that the way a person behaviors is a direct relation to how the consequences that may come from making that decision. If consequences are behavior are controlled by consequences then the reinforcements may be controlled pay rewards or pay.
Final answer:
From the perspective of equity theory, motivation may be minimally affected in ownership programs due to an indirect connection between pay and performance. Equity theory suggests that clear connections between effort and reward are necessary to maintain employee motivation. Yet, efficiency wage theory counters with the idea that higher pay can inherently motivate employees to perform well and stay committed to their company.
Explanation:
From an equity theory standpoint, the impact on motivation may be constrained in ownership programs due to the less direct connection between compensation and performance. Equity theory posits that employees feel demotivated when they perceive the distribution of rewards as unfair, based on the comparison of their input to output ratio with those of others. When the link between effort and reward is not clear or immediate, as can be the case with ownership programs, this could lead to a decrease in worker's motivation because the tie to performance isn't as transparent compared to systems with direct performance-related rewards.
Efficiency wage theory, however, suggests that paying employees more than the market rate can increase productivity as employees value the higher wage and are motivated to maintain their employment to avoid a potential wage decrease. Higher wages serve as motivation for employees to work harder and stay with the employer, recognizing the benefit they have compared to the market. Thus, when designing reward systems within a company, employers need to consider how the structure of their programs aligns employee perception of fairness with the motivation to perform.
________ are said to be at "arm's length," while ________ are to be reported separately in the financial statements.
Answer:
The answer to the first blank is credit sales to customers, the second blank space is loans to company officers.
Explanation:
When offering credit sales to customers, financial institutions tend to operate in an arm’s length setting, which is the default operating process when dealing with customers. This differs from when they offer loans to company officers, or the company’s employees. Depending on the company, employees might be able to access credit at a different rate compared to the normal customers. Nevertheless, these transactions should be recorded separately from the financial statements made in the company.
Arm's length transactions involve independent parties acting in their own self-interest, which often occur between related parties. Contingent liabilities, potential obligations dependent on future events, must be reported separately in financial statements.
Explanation:In the context of financial statements, transactions between related parties are said to be at "arm's length," while contingent liabilities are to be reported separately. An "arm's length" transaction refers to a transaction where both parties act independently and have no relationship to each other. This ensures that all parties involved in the transaction are acting in their own self-interest and are not subject to any external pressure or influence.
On the other hand, contingent liabilities are possible obligations that arise from past events which will be confirmed only on the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the entity. They are to be reported separately in the financial statements because it's obligated by the accounting rules and important for both investors and creditors.
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As the economy nears the end of an expansion, interest rates usually ________ and wages raise more ________ than prices.
Interest rates rise and wages rise more slowly than prices.
An investor shorts 100 shares when the share price is $50 and closes out the position six months later when the share price is $43. the shares pay a dividend of $3 per share during the six months. how much does the investor gain?
100 x 50 = $500 per share
after 6 months:
100 x 43 = $430 per share
PLUS dividends (3 x 100 = $300) makes $730
investor gains $230 (ending balance - original balance)
The amount received to an investor in respect of a profit on a short sale is $230.
What is short selling?Short selling is a practice where the shares are sold at first and then acquires back from the market after a certain period.
Given values:
The amount received before 6 months : $500 (100 shares X $50)
Amount earned after 6 months: $730 (100 shares X $43 + 100 shares X $3)
Computation of gain to an investor on short-selling:
[tex]\rm\ Gain \rm\ to \rm\ Investor=\rm\ Amount \rm\ received \rm\ after \rm\ six \rm\ months-\rm\ Amount \rm\ received \rm\ before \rm\ six \rm\ months\\\rm\ Gain \rm\ to \rm\ Investor=\$730-\$500\\\rm\ Gain \rm\ to \rm\ Investor=\$230[/tex]
Therefore, the short sale done by an investor gives him a profit of $230.
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Suppose that households became mistrustful of the banking system and decide to decrease their checking account balances and increase their holdings of currency. Using the money demand and money supply model and assuming everything else is held constant, the equilibrium interest rate should A) increase. B) decrease C) not change. D) increase, then decrease.
Answer: The equilibrium interest rate should A. increase.
Explanation: The demand curve for money shows the quantity of money that is demanded at a given interest rate. The money supply model shows the money supply that is set at a given interest rate. If there is an increase in interest rates the equilibrium rate will increase to adjust for the rising rates.
If a firm adopts a production process that is costly in order to reduce pollution, the result is
Adopting a costly production process to reduce pollution results in initial abatement costs for a firm. These costs often increase as the firm reduces more pollution, as cheaper methods are used first with more expensive ones following. The goal is to find a balance between production costs, including pollution reduction, and the value provided to buyers.
When a firm adopts a costly production process to reduce pollution, it typically incurs higher initial costs. These costs are known as abatement costs or marginal abatement costs if they are measured by each additional unit of pollution reduced.
However, firms tend to reduce pollution where it is cheapest to do so, using the least expensive methods initially. As a result, the marginal cost of pollution reduction generally increases with the quantity reduced, because cheaper and easier methods are employed first, with subsequent reductions in pollution becoming progressively more expensive.
For example, consider a scenario where a firm must reduce particulate emissions. The cost to reduce their emissions may start lower, but as the firm continues to reduce more pollutants, the expenses increase significantly due to more sophisticated and costly technology or methods becoming necessary. In economics, this pattern is well understood and is depicted in the marginal cost curves that firms face when they decide to reduce pollution levels.
It's important to note that such investments in pollution abatement may lead to higher product prices in the short term, but can sometimes be offset by reduced external costs and potential regulatory penalties for pollution. Also, an efficient outcome does not always necessitate a zero level of pollution; it is a balance between the cost to buyers of losing the good and the full cost of its production, which includes the costs associated with pollution.
Which of the following statements about stereotypes is true? Multiple Choice
They have no basis in reality.
They should never be used in international business for any reason.
They are positive generalizations about a culture.
They can blind us to people's true natures.
They are more likely to exemplify an individual than a general type.
They can blind us to people's true natures.
The true statement about stereotypes is that they can blind us to people's true natures by promoting generalized traits over individual characteristics, often leading to prejudice.
Among the statements provided about stereotypes, the one that is true is that they can blind us to people's true natures. Stereotypes are oversimplified and can be positive, negative, or neutral, but they often lead to a lack of recognition of an individual's unique characteristics and abilities. It is critical to understand that stereotypes, even seemingly positive ones, can have detrimental effects by creating unrealistic expectations and reducing individual identity to a set of generalized traits. This leads to poor communication and can perpetuate prejudice.
________________ introduced an approach to management known as scientific management. select one:
a. chester barnard
b. max weber
c. henry gantt
d. frank and lillian gilbreth
e. frederick taylor
Gilbert notices that his sausage is sliced into six pieces, whereas his brother's is sliced into nine pieces. he understands, however, that his brother's sausage is not actually any larger than his own. this indicates that gilbert has by now reached the ________ stage of development.
Gilbert’s understanding here showcases that his developmental stage, according to Jean Piaget, is at the concrete operational level.
Concrete operational is part of Piaget’s cognitive development stages, more specifically, the third stage which commonly occurs during age 7-11. It is characterized by the child’s capacity to reason and apply logical concepts – but only to physical objects.
Final answer:
Gilbert's understanding that his sausage, despite being sliced into fewer pieces, is not smaller than his brother's indicates he has reached the concrete operational stage of development, as proposed by Jean Piaget.
Explanation:
Gilbert notices that his sausage is sliced into six pieces, whereas his brother's is sliced into nine pieces. He understands, however, that his brother's sausage is not actually any larger than his own. This indicates that Gilbert has by now reached the concrete operational reasoning stage of development. This stage, as described by Jean Piaget, occurs roughly between the ages of 6 or 7 to 11 or 12 years. It is the period during which children gain the ability to think logically about concrete events and understand the concept of conservation. The understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in the shape or arrangement is a hallmark of this stage. Gilbert's realization that the total amount of sausage remains constant despite being divided into a different number of pieces demonstrates his development of the ability to reason about physical quantities in a logical, concrete manner.
If planned aggregate spending in an economy can be written as pae = 15,000 + 0.6y - 20,000r, and potential output equals 36,000, what real interest rate must the federal reserve set to bring the economy to full employment?
This is hard lollllllllllll
Which types of food items have labor "built in" to their prices?
a. make or buy items
b. convenience items
c. scratch items
d. standard items?
make or buy items is the best option
Make or buy items would probably be it.
The Coase Theorem suggests that private markets may not be able to solve the problem of externalitiesa. if the government does not become involved in the process. b. When the number of interested parties is very large and bargaining costs are relatively high c. if the firm in the market is a monopoly. d. if some people benefit from the externality.
Answer: B. When the number of interested parties is very large and bargaining costs are relatively high.
Explanation: The Coase Theorem is a legal and economical theory used to describe competitive markets. When the competitive markets are high, bargaining costs are high because each company is is fighting for use of the production and distribution channels. There are efficient input and output levels in a competitive market.
Executives at southwestern construction have noticed that the company's construction team in the phoenix office is more efficient with its resources than the other teams in the las vegas, salt lake, and santa fe offices. they decide to construct a knowledge management system that will allow the phoenix team's methods to be shared with the other three offices. which general benefit are they hoping to gain from this new system?
Answer:
Leveraging the experience of one group to help another group.
Explanation:
Southwestern Construction is hoping to use (leverage) the knowledge of the team in one office by sharing the knowledge with another office and hoping that the second office will also become more efficient simply by adopting the new strategies.
The company aims to improve overall productivity, promote informed decision making, and enhance teamwork by sharing the Phoenix office's efficient methods with other offices through a knowledge management system.
Executives at Southwestern Construction are hoping to gain a general benefit from constructing a knowledge management system by enabling the sharing of efficient resource utilization methods from the Phoenix office to other offices. This system aims to ensure that positive team dynamics, high efficiency in resource use, and better informed decision-making are replicated across the company. By doing so, the firm seeks to enhance overall productivity, improve management control information, and foster better relationships between coworkers and managers.
Sylvia wants to purchase a home. she is recently divorced and is receiving alimony for the next ten years in addition to child support for her three year old son. she has been in her present job for five years. what sources of income can she include in her loan application?
Her salary from her job, alimony, and child support. All of these impact her income and can be included. The specific requirements vary by the type of lan and lender.
One requirement for an industry to be perfectly competitive is that there are no restrictions on entry into or exit from the market.
a. True
b. False
This is true and is one requirement for a market to be perfectly competitive.
Refer to exhibit 22-13. what dollar amounts go in blanks (p) and (q), respectively?
a. $30; $80
b. $93.33; $82.50
c. $120; $125
d. $10; 95
e. there is not enough information to answer this question.
b
please give brainlest
I just did this lat year the answer is b
If you were the President of the United States, what are some of the changes you would make?
I'll do minor things which will cause hopefully no major damage…
id invite a priest, minister, and rabbi to stick around for the period. Might need them for spiritual advice. I might grant myself a pardon for any acts which seem unlawful during my 24 hour Presidency.
Sign an Executive Order designating the next day as a Federal Holiday.
Declare my house a National Monument.
Have plenty of autograph pictures printed at the White House by my 22nd hour in office to give to the museum adjacent to the National Monument. Such as sitting in the Oval Office, standing at the podium, sitting in the Cabinet room presiding over a meeting, waving from Marine One.
Allow my mom and dad to fly in Air Force One to wherever they want to go in my 24 hour Presidency, provided they get home by the 23rd hour. Appoint them as “honorary goodwill Ambassadors” with no pay. Maybe give each of them The Presidential Medal of Freedom. They're good parents and should be recognized for that. Parents deserve the best.
Get some souvenirs from the White House..like golf balls, M and M’s, face towels, mugs, maybe a Presidential Flag, Bomber Jacket with Presidential seal.
Put some monster truck wheels on the Presidential Limo. Drive it around the White House a couple times.
Invite a foreign leader or two for a state dinner. Because of time restrictions, I'll call Pizza Hut from the Oval Office for several pizzas, breadsticks, and sodas..and invite press to a free meal. Ill need as much positive coverage as possible for my 24 hours as President. I hope The Secret Service will cause a 30 minute delay, so the pizzas are free. ;-) Invite a couple celebrities to join the dinner who can make the night pleasant…like Larry the Cable Guy, the publisher of my memoirs, my nieces.
If the 24 hour Presidency falls on Saturday Night… have a cameo appearance on SNL with the actor chosen to impersonate me. If I'm short on time to appear physically, then a video appearance is cool.
Invite the Congressional Leadership and the Cabinet to the White House to meet a couple gym teachers from the local high school for about an hour. Let the teachers get the government back “into shape”. Minor exercises, like you give to the old people on cruise ships. It would be bad public relations if The President pro tempore of the Senate got a heart attack doing 20 pushups. Wouldn't want to be impeached in the 24 hour cycle.
Free medical checkup by the Surgeon General.
Sign into law a bill increasing the pension for former Presidents. Add secret service for life.
Thank God for the unique opportunity.
Kiara, a waitress, received a salary increment. even though kiara's coworkers received a five percent higher increment than her, kiara perceived the hike to be in line with her performance and experience. in the given scenario, kiara _____ to restore equity. increased her outcomes rationalized her outcome/input (o/i) ratio decreased her inputs changed her referent
changed her referent
Kiara likely rationalized her lower salary raise by adjusting her perception of the situation, believing her performance and experience justified the increment she received.
The scenario presented describes Kiara, a waitress, who received a salary increment that was five percent lower than her coworkers. According to equity theory, individuals try to maintain equity between the inputs they bring to a job and the outcomes they receive from it compared to others in similar positions. When Kiara perceived her lower salary increment as equitable, she likely engaged in a cognitive process to rationalize her outcome/input (O/I) ratio in response to perceived inequity. She could have justified the situation by believing that although her raise was smaller, her performance and experience warranted it. This psychological adjustment helped her perceive the situation as fair despite the initial disparity.
Eight years ago, ms. jones, a farmer, inherited a large parcel of land that had a fair market value of $150,000 at that time. she used the large parcel in her farming operations. in the current year, ms. jones decided she no longer wanted the large parcel in her farm operations, so she offered it for sale for $250,000. mr. oak approached ms. jones with an offer to exchange a small parcel (which ms. jones wanted for her farming operations) and some farm equipment for the large parcel. the small parcel had a fair market value of $200,000, and the equipment had a fair market value of $50,000.
Final answer:
Ms. Jones's land trade involves exchanging her $250,000 parcel for a smaller parcel and farm equipment, cumulatively valued at $250,000, resulting in an even trade with no immediate financial gain or loss.
Explanation:
Ms. Jones inherited land valued at $150,000 and is now offering it for $250,000. Mr. Oak proposes a trade involving a smaller parcel of land valued at $200,000 and farm equipment worth $50,000 for Ms. Jones's larger parcel. By accepting the trade, Ms. Jones will engage in a barter transaction, where she exchanges her land valued at $250,000 for assets (land and equipment) that are also cumulatively worth $250,000.
In this transaction, Ms. Jones would have neither financial gain nor loss on the transaction since the fair market value of what she is getting is equal to the fair market value of what she is giving up. It should be noted that in real-world scenarios, tax implications need to be considered for such exchanges.
A university using benefit segmentation and targeting students who want to get a degree quickly while still working full time would most likely focus on
This type of university should focus on convenience of scheduling and taking classes, either in person or online.
Answer:
teaching at the indicated time and offering online courses
Explanation:
In general, evening hours are offered so that it does not overlap with work schedules. But there is also the possibility of online training which has several advantages:
Hundreds of training possibilities
- Virtual education costs
- It allows you to take your studies from anywhere
- It allows you to save time
- You can choose when to study
- It allows a balance between study and work
- It offers you the possibility of advancing at your own pace
- Promotes responsibility and autonomy
The first step of added-value negotiation is:A. identify options.B. perfect the deal.C. design alternative deal packages.D. clarify interests.E. select a deal.
The correct answer is choice d - clarify interests.
When negotiating, it is important to clarify what your interests are before you begin. After you clarify interests, you will continue through the added-value negotiation process with the next step, which is identify options.
"1. why is the first rule of investing to only invest money that won't be needed for at least five years? what occurs in those 5 years?"
The money grows in that 5 years through intrest and or asset growth. In order to grow the money can't be spent.
The first rule of investment to invest money that is not required for at least five years is a general guideline to help investors minimize their risk of losing money due to short-term market fluctuations.
By investing money that won't be needed for at least five years, investors can give their investments time to grow and ride out any short-term fluctuations or downturns in the market.
Over a period of five years, investors can benefit from the power of compound interest, which can help their investment grow significantly over time. In that period, investors may also benefit from economic cycles.
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________ refers to the sale of two or more goods or services as a single package for one price. two-part pricing captive pricing price bundling list pricing everyday low pricing
Price bundling.
This combines multiple items for a single, discounted price. Even though the combined price is lower, it actually can help profits and sales because it encourages customers to buy more than they otherwise would.
In a practical sense, the best size for a team is:A. between two and twenty-five members.B. five or fewer people.C. determined by the task to be performed.D. as large as possible.E. unknown; research has not studied this.
C is the correct answer because it really varies depending on the game.
Identify the expression which represents the calculation "add 8 and 7, then multiply by 2." A) (2 × 8) + 7 B) 8 + (7 × 2) Eliminate C) 2 + (8 × 7) D) 2 x (8 + 7)
The correct answer is choice D.
In this choice you first add 8 + 7 inside of the parentheses. Remember, using the correct order of operations, you do what is inside of the parentheses first, and then multiply by the 2 which is outside of them.
The expression that represents the calculation "add 8 and 7, then multiply by 2." is 2 x (8 + 7). The correct option is D.
What are the equivalent expressions?Expressions that are equivalent to the same thing, even when they have distinct appearances. When we enter the same value(s) for the variable, two algebraic expressions that are equivalent have the same value (s).
We have the expression:
"Add 8 and 7, then multiply by 2."
In order to solve the problem in the numerator form:
First, we add the 8 and 7.
So, 8+7.
Now multiply by 2
(8+7) x 2
And the equivalent expression is
2 x (8 + 7)
Therefore, the expression is 2 x (8 + 7).
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Michael owns a small plane that he flies on weekends. his insurance agent informs him that aircraft are excluded as personal property under his homeowner's policy. as an insured, he feels that his plane should be covered just like any other personal property he owns. explain the rationale for excluding certain types of property, such as aircraft, under the homeowner's policy.
Certain types of property are generally excluded from homeowner's policies because there are not needed by the typical homeowner (most people don't own a plane) and including those risks in the policy would unfairly increase premiums for the pool of the rest of policy holders who do not own planes/need that protection. Also, there are other types of insurance that cover specific types of property such as cars, equipment, and air planes.
Explanation of why certain properties like aircraft are excluded from homeowner's insurance policies due to specialized risks and the need for specific tailored coverage.
One of the rationales for excluding certain types of property, such as aircraft, from homeowner's policies is the specialized risks associated with them. Aircraft typically involve higher liability and damage risks compared to standard personal property, necessitating separate, more specific insurance coverage. Insurance companies tailor policies to manage risks effectively, and excluding certain types of property helps ensure that each item is adequately covered according to its unique risk profile.
Banks are able to create money only when
a. interest rates are above 2%.
b. the fed sells u.s. government bonds.
c. the reserve ratio is 100%.
d. only a fraction of deposits are held in reserve.
D- Only a fraction of deposits are held in reserve. This is the right and correct answer.
Banks can create money when only a fraction of deposits are held in reserve. This is due to the practice of fractional reserve banking wherein banks loan out the majority of their deposits, which when redeposited, can be loaned out again, effectively creating new money.
Explanation:Banks are able to create money only when only a fraction of deposits are held in reserve. T Under this system, banks hold a fraction of their depositor's money in reserve and loan out the rest. When the loans are deposited back into the banking system, they can be loaned out again, effectively creating new money. For example, if a bank has $100 in deposits and a reserve ratio of 10%, it can loan out $90. If that $90 is deposited back into the banking system, it can be loaned out again, creating a total of $190 from the original $100 deposit.
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Consists of the group of people who have the same economic or educational status in society.
Social classes are groups of people who have the same economic or educational status in society
If the Federal Reserve decreased the money supply, what would the effects be? Check all that apply.
The Federal Reserve decreases the supply of money to slow the economy. This means interest rates would increase while investing and borrowing would decrease.
Answer:
If the Federal Reserve decides to lower the reserve ratio through an expansionary monetary policy, commercial banks are required to keep less cash on hand and are able to increase the number of loans to give consumers and businesses. This increases the money supply, economic growth and the rate of inflation.
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