Between Point A and Point C, where is the steepest part of the hike? How do you know?

Answer:

The option D) 'Every cell has a nucleus that contains genetic material' is not a part of the cell theory.

Explanation:

The cell theory has three main postulates which are:

The cell theory does not claim that every cell shall have a nucleus. The prokaryotes lack a nucleus yet still are living things. However, all cells will have genetic material in the form of DNA or RNA.

Answer:

All the individuals of a species that live together in one place at the same time  is called as population.

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer is population (this question was on USATestprep)

Explanation:

Answer: A

Explanation: It seems like the most logical thing considering monkeys and frogs don't live in the desert.

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Answer:

Tropical rain forest

Explanation:

This answer explains the process of gas exchange in the lungs, differentiates ventilation from gas exchange, and details the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide during the exchange.

Gas Exchange Process in the Lungs:

Oxygen and carbon dioxide flow during gas exchange: In the lungs, oxygen moves from the alveoli into the capillaries while carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries into the alveoli.

Ventilation vs. Gas Exchange: Ventilation is the process of breathing, moving air in and out of the lungs, while gas exchange is the actual transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood.

Explanation of Gas Exchange: Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli where oxygen diffuses into the blood and binds to hemoglobin while carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.

Answer:

Photosynthesis is the process in which cells use carbon dioxide and water to make glucose in the presence of sunlight.

Respiration is the process in which glucose molecules are utilized to release energy in the form of ATP.

Explanation:

Ans1- Respiration in cells occurs in mitochondria.  Cells gain energy in the form of ATP. Conversion of glucose in the form of ATP is known as cellular respiration.

Cellular respiration can take place either in presence of oxygen(aerobic respiration) or in absence of oxygen(anaerobic respiration ).

Before entering into cellular respiration glucose molecule has to be converted into pyruvic acid. This process in known as GLYCOLYSIS.

Anaerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria when oxygen is not present. It is known as fermentation.It is not effective process to produce ATP from glucose as in this process only 4 ATP can be released.  

Aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria in presence of oxygen.  This is effective pathway to gain ATP as it releases 36 ATP from 1 glucose molecule.

Ans2- All cells which has photosynthetic pigments are able to use photosynthesis. Example- Blue green algae, cynobacteria etc.

Ans3- We can see different shades of green colors of plants and leaves because of different types of chlorophyll present in plant. Chlorophyll are of 6 types in plant. Their types are based on the lights they absorb. Two main types of chlorophylls are chl a and chl b.

Ans4- Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria. In plant also they need energy. To get ATP from breakdown of glucose respiration is occur in plant also.

Ans5-In photosynthesis glucose is formed from water and carbon di oxide. 6 carbon dioxide and 6 molecules of water are used to make 1 molecule of glucose. Water and carbon di oxide are reactant in this process.

Ans6 -  Cells without oxygen can burn glucose to release energy. This process is known as Anerobic respiration/ fermentation. But the outcome of energy is lower than aerobic respiration. ( ANS1)

Ans7- In the process of photosynthesis reactants are water and carbon di oxide. Oxygen produced released in the form of gas along  with carbon di oxide.

Ans8- The enzymatic reaction of respiration occurs in mitochondria. Krebs cycle occurs in the matrix of mitochondria.( ETC electron transport chain) to release ATP occurs in cristae of inner membrane of  mitochondria.

Ans9- Plants make glucose through photosynthesis . In  presence of sunlight plants use carbon dioxide and water to make sugar.

The DNA replication occurs by preparing a new strand of DNA that is based on the template strand only. So understanding the nitrogen base pairing is very essential for understanding DNA replication.

DNA replication occurs prior to any type of cell division in all organisms. In case of humans, the DNA that is to be replicated needs to be de winded by means of decondensation of chromosomes into chromatin fibres and then to DNA fibres. Then there are enzymes like helicase and gyrase which helps in breaking the hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA and to open it up for enzymes to get attached.

Then the enzyme DNA dependent DNA polymerase works on both the strands of DNA where it reads the mother DNA strand as a template and then brings deoxyribonucleotides complementary to the template strand and then polymerises it with the previous nucleotide to form a new DNA strand. Thus two DNA strands are produced which are again complementary to each other, leading to the production of a new daughter DNA. So, understanding the complementary base pairing is very essential to understand the DNA replication.

Answer:

D) lining up of chromosomes in the cell

Explanation:

Prophase can be described as the first stage of cell division. During this phase, The chromatin material condenses and becomes compact so that the chromosomes become visible. The nuclear envelope disintegrates and the nucleolus disappears. Hence, the choices mentioned in option A, B and C occur by the end of prophase.

Metaphase is the third phase of cell division. During this phase, the chromosomes line themselves in the centre of the cell. Hence, the lining of the chromosome does not occur by the end of prophase. This occurs during the third stage.

Answer:

DNA

Explanation:

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA by following a strand of DNA. RNA polymerase is an enzyme that is responsible for copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence, during the process of transcription.

Answer:

]

Explanation:

"The impact of so many humans on the environment takes two major forms: consumption of resources such as land, food, water, air, fossil fuels and minerals. waste products as a result of consumption such as air and water pollutants, toxic materials and greenhouse gases."

Answer:

Geography

Explanation:

Answer:

A hypothesis.

Explanation:

A hypothesis is a tentative answer to a scientific question. A testable hypothesis is a hypothesis that can be proved or disproved as a result of testing, data collection, or experience. Only testable hypotheses can be used to conceive and perform an experiment using the scientific method.

1. Provide structure

2. Causes Biochemical Reactions

3. balances fluids

4. transports and stores nutrients

5. provides energy

Answer:

D) Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

Explanation:

I am honestly not quite sure of this answer, but I was trying to read up on the topic and this is the answer I'm most confident in. It would make sense that the offspring are genetically identical to the parent because they would have no where else to get their genes/mix to form new ones. I really hope this helps!

Answer:

The role of cyclin-dependent kinases in the cell cycle is "They initiate various stages of the cell cycle ".

Explanation:

Cyclin dependent kinase belong to the family of protein kinase that have been first discovered due to their role of regulating the cell cycle. They also helps in the transcription, mRNA processing and also in the differentiation of the nerve cells. A single cyclin belongs from a class of cell cycle helps in the molecule control, and when more one cyclin are there they form a group together which further helps in the progression of the cell by the help of check points.

Final answer:

A household installing a dual flush toilet uses the strategy of limiting consumption to conserve water by allowing a choice between full and reduced flush options, directly reducing the volume of water used per flush. Option 4.

Explanation:

The water conservation strategy that is used when a household installs a dual flush toilet is limiting consumption. Dual flush toilets are designed to use different amounts of water for liquid waste and solid waste, which reduces the overall water usage. By having two options, one for a full flush and one for a reduced flush, dual flush toilets encourage households to use only the amount of water necessary for the type of waste being disposed of. This is a direct approach to reduce water consumption in residential areas, where toilet flushing is typically the largest indoor use of water.

In addition to this strategy, there are many other ways to reuse resources effectively. For example, using gray water for gardening, collecting rainwater in rain barrels, and installing water-efficient fixtures are all practical approaches toward water conservation. Furthermore, reusing and recycling materials and reducing waste production overall also contribute to conserving our natural resources and minimizing the environmental impact.

Answer:

The chromosome number will not be constant and the person would die.

Explanation:

During gamete formation, half of the chromosomes arise from one parent and the other half from the other parent. This is possible due to the process of meiosis.

If during gamete formation, the number of chromosome does not get reduced, then after fertilization the gamete will have double the number of chromosomes as compared to the parents. Hence, the chromosome number of the person will not remain constant and he/she would die.

The chromosome number will not be constant and the person would  die.

Meiosis is the type of cell division that occurs during  reproduction. In

this type of division, the result is the formation of two unique daughter

cells.

Mitosis on the other hand is the cell division concerned with growth and

replacement of worn out tissues in the body.

In instances where the gametes of a species had the same number of

chromosomes as the species' body cells, the species formed will have a

chromosome number which isn't constant which may result in death due to

issues occurring during replication.

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Answer:

Thorough observation and understanding of dominance types

Explanation:

It is very simple to distinguish between traits following complete dominance or incomplete dominance

There can be three cases of dominance

a) Complete dominance - where characteristics of one allele are expressed over and above the characteristics of the other allele

b) Incomplete dominance - Here both the traits are dominant but a blending of the two traits occur  for example red and white flower producing pink flower

c) Co-dominance - Here both the traits are dominant but no blending occurs between the two traits occur  for example red and white flower producing flower with red and white bands

Based on the above definitions , pattern of complete dominance is followed or not in case of snapdragon can be depicted.

We can tell that snapdragons don't follow complete dominance due to the pink flowers of heterozygotes indicating an incomplete dominance pattern of inheritance, where neither red nor white alleles are completely dominant, resulting in an intermediate phenotype.

You can tell that these snapdragons do not follow the pattern of complete dominance because of the presence of an intermediate phenotype in the heterozygote snapdragons. In cases of complete dominance, one allele is completely dominant over the other, and the heterozygote expresses the dominant phenotype. However, in incomplete dominance, the heterozygote expresses a phenotype that is a blend of the two parental phenotypes. For instance, when crossing a snapdragon with red flowers (CRCR) with one that has white flowers (CWCW), the offspring are not red or white but display pink flowers, which indicates a mix of both red and white traits.

This phenomenon contradicts the historical view that inheritance always results in dominant and recessive traits, as was first demonstrated by Gregor Mendel in his pea plant experiments. Incomplete dominance, like in the example of the snapdragon flowers, shows that one gene for flower color can have alleles for red and white, neither of which is completely dominant. Therefore, the resulting pink flowers of the heterozygotes (CRCW) clearly show the intermediate inheritance pattern.

How is influenza prevented?

The single best way to prevent seasonal flu is to get vaccinated each year, but good health habits like covering your cough and washing your hands often can help stop the spread of germs and prevent respiratory illnesses like the flu. There also are flu antiviral drugs that can be used to treat and prevent flu.

Usually, you'll need nothing more than bed rest and plenty of fluids to treat the flu. But if you have severe infection or are at higher risk for complications, your doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication

Answer:

Biologists from all different fields could work together to contribute to the study of the disease by using the information they already know about the disease and find out what it attacks, and how quickly it spreads. They could find a cure by seeing what kills it and see if using a dead strand of it would prevent a person from getting it, just like an actual flu shot. (Im not sure it's 100% right)

Answer:

Adductor

Explanation:

The answer is Adductor.

Final answer:

The supinator muscle is responsible for turning the forearm anteriorly, or upward, which is part of the supination movement where the palm faces forward.

Explanation:

The type of muscle that helps you turn your body upwards by turning the forearm anteriorly is the supinator muscle. This muscle is responsible for supination, which occurs when the palm of the hand is turned to face forward, aligning the radius and ulna in a parallel manner. On the contrary, pronation involves the palm facing backward with the radius crossing over the ulna.

The pronator muscles, such as the pronator teres and the pronator quadratus, facilitate this motion. To clarify the options given, abductors are muscles that move a limb away from the body's midline, such as the supraspinatus muscle that abducts the arm at the shoulder. Adductors bring limbs towards the body's midline, exemplified by the adductor muscles of the thigh.

Cells try to maintain three major conditions which include temperature, pH level and solute concentration.

In conclusion, cells try to maintain three major conditions which include temperature, pH level and solute concentration.

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Answer:

Because of the pressure build up. it also expanded

Explanation:

Final answer:

The soda can exploded in the freezer because water and the dissolved CO₂ in the soda both expanded as they froze, increasing the pressure inside the can beyond its physical limits, which led to the eruption.

Explanation:

The soda can exploded because the temperature inside the freezer caused the liquid inside the can to freeze and expand. When water freezes, it expands by about 9%, and given that soda is mostly water, a similar expansion occurred. This expansion increased the pressure inside the can beyond its structural limits, leading to the explosion. Moreover, soda contains dissolved carbon dioxide (CO₂), which also expands when it cools and turns from a liquid to a solid. Due to the kinetic-molecular theory, the molecules in the soda moved more slowly in the cooler temperatures of the freezer, which made the liquid less capable of keeping the CO₂ dissolved.

This phenomenon relates to Henry's Law, which states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of that gas above the liquid. In cold temperatures, the gas becomes less soluble, and if the container has no room to accommodate this change in pressure, it can lead to a rupture as the gas escapes. Additionally, when the pressure of the carbon dioxide in the can drops, such as when a bottle is left open, the dissolved gas escapes and causes the soda to “go flat”. The presence of a pocket of air in containers like a glass bottle of vinegar allows for some expansion without breaking, but a tightly sealed soda can does not have this cushioning.

Answer:

The correct option is C)  During prophase I, segments of chromatids are exchanged between homologous chromosomes.

Explanation:

Meiosis can be described as a process of cell division which leads to genetic variations. These variations are produced due to crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes. The number of chromosomes is reduced to half as the parent cells during this type of cell division.

Crossing over occurs between prophase I and metaphase I. During prophase I, segments of chromatids are known to be exchanged between the homologous chromosomes. Hence, option C is correct.

Answer:

B- homologous chromosomes join together to form tetrads during prophase I

Explanation:

The question which the scientist should ask to help collect evidence for the argument is "Does the lava have a definite volume and does it flow freely?". Thus, the correct option is C.

When the magma flows or erupts onto Earth's surface, it is called as the lava. When lava erupts from the volcano it is made up of a slush of crystals, liquid, and bubbles. The liquid rocks and magma "freezes" to form volcanic glass. Chemically, this lava is made up of the elements like silicon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and titanium with some other elements in very small concentrations.

The lava can be claimed to be liquid by the argument which questions "Does the lava have a definite volume and does it flow freely" as liquids have a definite volume and flows freely in any container or space.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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Answer:

Proteins

Explanation:

Proteins are macromolecules composed of amino acids that perform multiple and varied functions in the body. Proteins that act as chemical messengers are present in the form of hormones, ligands, neurotransmitters, regulatory proteins and enzymes.

Genes code for proteins that in turn control all life processes. The differences we witness in individuals such as weight, height, skin color, intelligence etc are all due to our unique genetic code and a unique combination of proteins that these genes encode. Furthermore, the levels to which our genetic code is expressed is also regulated at the molecular level by proteins.

Answer:

C.

Explanation:

Lipids and proteins are both types of macromolecules. Macromolecules are molecules made up of more than one atom.

Answer:

The correct answer is C.

C. Macromolecules

Explanation:

Answ

Left - antigen

Top Right - antibody

Bottom right - B cell

Explanation:

Antibodies (top right label) are Y shaped proteins involved in the detection of pathogens. They specifically detect molecules associated with pathogens called antigens (left).

Antibodies are produced by B cells (bottom right) which are a specialised class of immune cells that make up part of the adaptive immune system. B cells are often referred to as white blood cells.

Answer & Explanation:

Two major types of mutations are deletions and substitutions

Deletion occurs when the DNA replication machinery misses or removes some nucleotides, meaning some of the sequence is missing from the new DNA. This can be just one nucleotide, a few, or lots of nucleotides.

Substitution occurs when the DNA replication machinery makes the wrong sequence, substituting one or several bases for others.

Both of these mutations can be deleterious, and occur at the level of the individual nucleotide. The effects of each of them greatly depend on the location and size of the mutation.

An example of a deletion mutation that causes a disease is in cystic fibrosis, where there is a deletion in the gene CFTR. The most common mutation, is a deletion of three nucleotides that causes a the loss of the amino acid phenylalanine at residue 508.

An example of a substitution mutation causing a disease is sickle cell anemia, which changes a glutamic acid to a valine in the haemoglobin protein.

Final answer:

The two major types of mutations are germline and somatic mutations, both involving DNA sequence changes but differing in heritability and impact. Germline mutations are inheritable and affect all cells of the offspring, while somatic mutations are not inheritable and only affect certain cells in the individual.

Explanation:

Major Types of Mutations and Their Distinctions

There are two major types of mutations: germline mutations and somatic mutations. Both play crucial roles in biology, but have distinctive characteristics and implications.

Germline Mutations

Germline mutations occur in the sex cells, such as eggs and sperm. These mutations are heritable, meaning they can be passed down to offspring. For example, a mutation in the BRCA gene associated with increased cancer risk is a germline mutation, as it can be inherited from a parent.

Somatic Mutations

Somatic mutations occur in other cells of the body, excluding the sex cells. These mutations are not passed down to offspring but can lead to diseases such as cancer within the individual. An example of a somatic mutation is the acquisition of mutations in the TP53 gene in a single liver cell, leading to liver cancer.

Commonalities and Differences

Both types of mutations involve changes in the DNA sequence. However, germline mutations affect the offspring's entire genome and are heritable, while somatic mutations affect only certain cells in an individual and are not heritable. Understanding the differences between these mutations is crucial for genetics and medical research.

Answer:

Scientists rarely say that a theory is proven. They will say that whether their the evidence presented supports the theory or not. This is because a scientific theory is subjected to change. Any new evidence found in contradiction to the previous theory will lead to the formation of another theory. Hence, a theory is no proved, it is supported through evidences or experiments.

In contrast, when an evidence is proved it will be subjected to become a scientific law. A scientific law cannot be changed.

Answer:

The diffusion of water across a selective permeable membrane is called osmosis.

Explanation:

Osmosis can be described as the movement of water molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. As the water molecules tend to move along the concentration gradient, hence the process of osmosis is a type of passive transport. Very little or no energy will be required for the process of osmosis to occur.

In contrast, during the process of active transport, molecules move against a concentration gradient and hence require energy.

The process of water diffusion across a selectively permeable membrane is known as osmosis. It aids in the movement of water from a region with low solute concentration to a region with higher solute concentration, helping maintain balance inside the cells.

The diffusion of water across a selective permeable membrane is known as Osmosis. In biological terms, osmosis is an essential process for the survival of organisms. It helps in the movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. This movement maintains the balance of water and solutes inside the cells of the organism.

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Answer:

No, you would not expect to find a muscle tissue in a plant.

Explanation:

Why? because muscle tissues are built up of cells that receive and react to signals sent from the brain, though some plants (usually carnivorous or touch sensitive) do have different ways of movement. But again, these methods are *Not* muscle tissues!

Muscle tissue is not found in plants. Plants have different types of specialized tissues such as vascular and ground tissue.

No, you would not expect to find muscle tissue in a plant.

Plant cells are different from animal cells and do not have the specialized structures and proteins required for muscle movement.

Instead of muscle tissue, plants have different types of specialized tissues, such as vascular tissue for transporting water and nutrients, and ground tissue for storage and support.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:

B. Cypress trees