Bottom-up mechanisms in psychology refer to processes that are primarily driven by incoming stimulus information, starting from lower-level sensory data and working up to higher-level cognitive functions.
Explanation:The 'bottom-up' or 'data-driven' mechanisms are A. mechanisms for which activity is primarily triggered and shaped by the incoming stimulus information.
This means that information processing starts with the stimuli that reaches our senses and then proceeds to the higher-level cognitive processes. In other words, we begin our perception by witnessing an event and the sensation driving our processing, rather than being directed by prior knowledge or expectation.
On numerous occasions, our brains begin to process data at very fundamental levels and then move on to more complex analytical thinking, which can be signified as bottom-up processing.
Learn more about Bottom-Up Mechanisms here:https://brainly.com/question/31779922
#SPJ6
Bottom-up (or data-driven) mechanisms are mechanisms for which activity is primarily triggered and shaped by the incoming stimulus information. These mechanisms operate by processing sensory inputs in a sequential and incremental manner to build a higher-level representation or understanding.
Explanation:Bottom-up (or data-driven) mechanisms are mechanisms for which activity is primarily triggered and shaped by the incoming stimulus information. These mechanisms operate by processing sensory inputs in a sequential and incremental manner to build a higher-level representation or understanding. They are commonly observed in biological systems, such as neuronal processing in the brain or sensory perception. For example, when you touch a hot object, your sensory receptors in the skin send signals to your brain, triggering a cascade of physiological responses to remove your hand from the source of heat.
Learn more about Bottom-up (or data-driven) mechanisms here:https://brainly.com/question/14891260
#SPJ6
A wildfire dramatically reduces a population of oak trees. Several months later, high winds blow several acorns from the surviving oak trees to a meadow several hundred miles away. The acorns germinate and establish a new population of oaks in the meadow. The surviving oaks in the original population will likely experience a ____________ effect, while the oaks in the new population will likely experience a _____________ effect.a. bottleneck; founderb. founder; heterozygote advantagec. negative frequency-dependent; frequency-dependentd. polymorphic; monomorphic
Answer:
a. bottleneck; founder
Explanation:
Bottleneck effect is a loss of a large portion of population. The loss in population results in loss of alleles and a corresponding loss in the population's genetic variability. As a result, the population often become more susceptible to diseases and other limiting factors of the environment.
Founder effects on the other hand is a phenomenon whereby a small portion of a population migrates away from the original population and ends up establishing a new population in another area. The new population most often experience low genetic variability as well as a skewed sample of the alleles in the original population. This also makes the new population to be more susceptible to environment's limiting factors.
Hence, the surviving oaks in the original population will likely experience a bottleneck effect, while the oaks in the new population will likely experience a founder effect.
Final answer:
The original oak population will likely face a bottleneck effect due to the drastic reduction in population size from the wildfire, while the new population from the blown away acorns will likely experience a founder effect, establishing different genetic characteristics.
Explanation:
The surviving oaks in the original population will likely experience a bottleneck effect, while the oaks in the new population will likely experience a founder effect. The bottleneck effect occurs after the wildfire dramatically reduces the population size, resulting in the potential loss of genetic variability and altering allele frequencies. In contrast, the founder effect happens when acorns, carried by the wind, germinate and establish a new population at a significant distance. This small group can lead to a different genetic composition in the new population, distinct from that of the original population due to random sampling of alleles.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.
Answer:
Depression
Explanation:
Answer: depression
Explanation: they prescribe anti depressant for depression
People on high-protein diets are advised to drink lots of water. Why? A) To reduce the strain on the kidneys due to increased urea production. B) To provide the H2O necessary for peptide bond hydrolysis. C) To replace water lost due to the diuretic effects of some amino acids. D) To dilute out toxins consumed with the high-protein foodstuffs.
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
When proteins are taken in extra quantity, they are used, recycled and excreted regularly. Unlike fat, these are not stored in body when in excess.
Therefore, high protein diet produces lots of metabolic waste which is excreted through urine and lot of water is removed out of body regularly. Thus, in order to prevent excessive loss of water or dehydration, it is advised to drink lot of water.
Hence, option C is correct
Members of the kingdom protista are classified into
Answer:
Eukaryotes
Explanation:
The protista are not classified under animal, plant or fungus category. They are mostly unicellular but some protists for example, algae are considered as muticellular. The multicellular protists like seaweed provides oxygen, food and shelter for various ecosystems under water. The seaweed is similar to a plant but not categorized under plantae kingdom as it is less complex as compared with plants.
They are generally heterotropic that means they gain energy by consuming other organisms. The protists can also obtain energy by photosynthesis that is heterotropic in nature.
The double-lobed mass of tissue located in the mediastinum along the trachea behind the sternum that is involved in immunity is known as the
Answer:
The correct answer is thymus gland.
Explanation:
In the immune system, the thymus is considered as a primary lymphoid organ. Thymus is present behind the sternum, above the heart and between the two of our lungs. It is made up of two-lobed and is involved in releasing hormones and providing immunity.
Thymus is the primary site where T- cells become mature. T- cells are formed in bone marrow but reaches to thymus for maturation. These mature T- cells play a very important role in providing adaptive immunity against foreign molecules.
Thymus is larger till puberty and it slowly shrinks as the age increases. So the correct answer is thymus.
A sudden natural catastrophe resulting in massive die offs would be categorized as a density ________ limiting factor.A. AutonomousB. IndependentC. DependentD. Reliant
Answer:
Independent
Explanation:
The answer would be Independent because in massive die offs the category usually specifies as independent
Rate me and thank me
Assuming you begin with a single bacterial cell that has doubling time of 15 minutes, how many cells would you find at the end of one hour?
Answer:
16 cells
Explanation:
According to the given information, the generation time of the bacterial cell is 15 minutes. This means that the bacterial cell would have a total of 60/15= four divisions (1 hour= 60 minutes) in one hour. A division in a single bacterial cell produces two new bacterial cells. If both the newly formed bacterial cells enter the cell division, a total of four cells will be formed. Likewise, if all the newly formed bacterial cells enter the process of cell division, a total of 2^4= 16 cells will be formed by the end of four consecutive cell divisions.
Final answer:
Starting with a single bacterial cell, with a doubling time of 15 minutes, you would have 16 bacterial cells at the end of one hour after four doubling events.
Explanation:
If a single bacterial cell has a doubling time of 15 minutes, then it would double four times in one hour (since 60 minutes divided by 15 minutes equals four doublings). To calculate the number of bacterial cells after one hour, we apply the formula for exponential growth:
Final Population = Initial Population × 2(Number of Doublings)
Starting with one cell, we calculate the population after one hour as follows:
Final Population = 1 × 2⁴ = 1 × 16 = 16
Therefore, you would end up with 16 bacterial cells at the end of one hour, assuming the doubling time is exactly 15 minutes and there are no limiting factors affecting the growth.
Five different species of warblers, seed-eating birds, live in the same species of conifer trees. All of the birds migrate to coniferous forests during the summer, and different species reside in different areas in the same tree. They feed on the seeds of the conifer trees, but the different species do not mate with each other.
Which of the following best explains why the different warbler species can all have habitats in the same conifer trees?
a. Not all the warblers are residents in the forest at the same time of the year because of different migration patterns.
b. Physiological differences in beak structure allow the warblers to consume different species of seeds through symbiotic relationships.
c. Resource partitioning of the seeds reduces competition, and the five different species can live in the same tree.
d. Niche overlap occurs between the five different species, and living in the same tree increases competition for seeds.
Correct option is C. The different species of warblers can live in the same conifer trees by utilizing resource partitioning to reduce competition. They do this by specializing in different niches within the same habitat, foraging in different parts of the tree and utilizing different resources or behaviors such as caching seeds.
The question asks why different species of warblers can live in the same conifer trees without competing with each other. The best explanation is option c: Resource partitioning of the seeds reduces competition, allowing the five different species to coexist in the same habitat. Resource partitioning is a process where species divide the resources they use in an ecosystem, in such a way that different species utilize different times, areas, or resources, thereby reducing direct competition between them.
For example, with seed predators like birds that feed on conifer seeds, different species may have evolved unique adaptations such as beak structures that are specialized for extracting seeds in specific ways. These morphological features may allow them to access seeds from different parts of the cones, or utilize different species of conifers that coexist in the same forest. Additionally, behaviors such as caching seeds for later consumption can influence how resources are used over time and space, further reducing competition.
One species of warbler might forage at the treetops, another may stick to the middle branches, and yet another might forage closer to the ground, each thereby specializing in different areas of the same habitat. This is an example of niche differentiation, where similar species coexist in the same habitat by specializing in different ecological niches. Such specialization allows for the maintenance of biodiversity in ecosystems like coniferous forests.
Flexible connective tissue found in the immature skeleton, epiphyseal plate, and on joint surfaces is called_________
Regulatory and basal transcription factors regulate transcription by binding to the promoter.A) True B) False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
In eukaryotes apart from RNA polymerase, the transcription of genes requires many different proteins called transcription factors. These transcription factors are important to initiate and regulate transcription.
There are two types of transcription factors regulatory and basal transcription factors. Basal transcription factors regulate transcription by binding to a gene promoter and regulatory transcription factor regulates transcription by binding to some regulatory sequences for example enhancers and silencers.
Therefore only basal transcription factor binds to the promoter for regulating transcription. Therefore the statement is false.
following clear-cutting of a broadleaf forest several hundred years ago, the land was colonized by herbaceous species that were replaced largely over time by shrubs, then by forest trees. Assuming the growth of the shrubs and trees was enhanced by the soil-holding properties of the herbaceous plants, which of the following processes best describe the progression from herbaceous plants to forest trees?
The question is incomplete as it lacks the options which are:
A) primary succession; facilitation
B) primary succession; inhibition
C) primary succession; toleration
D) secondary succession; facilitation
E) secondary succession; inhibition
Answer:
The correct answer will be- secondary succession; facilitation
Explanation:
Secondary succession is the series of changes in the community which takes place on the disturbed or damaged land but previously colonized.
The succession takes place in one of the three ways: Facilitation, inhibition and tolerance model.
Facilitation model of succession occurs when the pioneer species growing in an area modifies the area and make it suitable for survival for themselves and other invading species.
The primary species are replaced by the competitive species which are replaced by another competitive species. Thus, the growing species facilitates the growth of the other species.
In the given question, since the herbs are replaced by the shrubs and then the forests on the disturbed land, therefore, secondary succession; facilitation is the correct answer.
Imagine you were able to travel back in time to any place you wanted to witness the evolution of humans. Answer the following questions related to your journeys. On which continent would you have seen the very earliest members of Homo sapiens?
Answer:
The answer is Africa.
Explanation:
If you had the ability to travel back in time and you wanted to experience the evolution of humans as a species, you would have to travel back about 200 thousand years back to Africa, to Omo Kibish to be exact, to see the earliest members of Homo Sapiens, which are descendants of older species that lived on the Africa continent.
I hope this answer helps.
Many enzymes require metal ions as cofactors due to the inherent properties of the metal ion. Metal ions, when bound to water, will favor the formation of hydroxide ion, which is a strong nucleophile. Therefore the activation of water for nucleophilic reactions such as hydrolysis is one property of metal ions that assists in catalysis. What is another?
Answer:
Another property of metal ions that assists in catalysis is stabilization of negative charge transition states.
A few properties of metal ions that assists in catalysis are is its ability to orient a substrate and perform reversible oxidation-reduction reaction as seen in redox catalysis.
Answer:
Explanation: The combination formed by an enzyme and its substrates is called the enzyme–substrate complex.
In catalysis as acid, base and salt reaction .Although metal-assisted hydrolysis of lipids remains relatively unexplored, it is undoubtedly of equal importance.
Which zone in a lake would you expect to be dominated by emergent plants?
Answer:
Littoral zone
Explanation:
The littoral zone act as a connection between pelagic zone and terrestrial ecosystem. The large amount of species diversity is observed in littoral zone. The emergent plants are rooted plants that generally float over the surface but few plants are submerged in water.
The emergent plants are the marcrophytes. These plants are dominant in the littoral zone of lake. The fresh water marshes are commonly inhabited by emergent plants (Typha). The emergent plants have high primary production rate thus increasing the productivity of fresh water marshes.
What do you expect to happen after administration of a dose of intravenous epinephrine?
Answer:
It will cause an increase in the heart rate, like a minute after administration.
Explanation:
The release of epinephrine which is also known as adrenalin, from the medulla of the adrenal gland is caused by anger or fear. And it release cause an increase in the heart rate, and blood pressure through the rushing of the blood to the brain and muscle.
The release of epinephrine can be controlled through meditation and deep breathing exercise.
Which part of the plasma membrane contributes the most to the fluidity of the membrane?
The fluidity of the plasma membrane is primarily due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipid bilayer. These fatty acids have kinks in their tails due to double bonds that prevent them from packing together tightly, thereby increasing the membrane's fluidity. Cholesterol molecules also contribute to membrane fluidity.
Explanation:The part of the plasma membrane that contributes the most to its fluidity is the presence of unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipid bilayer. These unsaturated fatty acids have kinks in their tails due to the presence of double bonds which prevent the fatty acids from packing together tightly, thus increasing the fluidity of the membrane. A more fluid membrane allows for greater flexibility and movement of components within the membrane, such as proteins.
Another important contributor to the fluidity of the cell membrane is cholesterol. Cholesterol molecules, embedded inside the fatty acid chains of the membrane, further hinder the tight packing of fatty acids, therefore enhancing membrane fluidity.
Learn more about plasma membranes here:https://brainly.com/question/33587586
#SPJ3
The cholesterol in the plasma membrane is crucial in contributing to its fluidity. This fluidity, essential for various cellular functions, can adapt according to conditions, like temperature changes. This ensures the proper functioning and maintenance of the cell's homeostasis.
Explanation:The primary contributor to the fluidity of the plasma membrane is the presence of cholesterol molecules. The fluid mosaic model explains that the plasma membrane structure is a mosaic of components - such as phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates - which can flow and shift positions, while still maintaining the overall integrity of the membrane. Cholesterol, in particular, provides a significant contribution to this fluidity.
In the plasma membrane, cholesterol restricts the movement of phospholipids, thus managing membrane fluidity and keeping the plasma membrane from becoming too firm or too fluid. The varied fluidity across the membrane allows the membrane to segregate proteins in specific domains performing unique functions and thus plays a crucial role in maintaining the cell's homeostasis. Therefore, the plasma membrane's flexibility and adaptability, key for various cellular processes, are primarily attributed to the presence of cholesterol.
Beyond the molecular structure, it's relevant to mention that membrane fluidity is also influenced by factors such as temperature. For instance, in cold conditions, more cholesterol is contained in the plasma membranes of animals, acting as a biological 'antifreeze' and preventing the membrane from solidifying.
https://brainly.com/question/30609394
#SPJ6
Explain how the climate in a specific region differs during El Niño and La Niña.
Answer:
During El Nino and LA Nina, opposing weather conditions are observed
Explanation:
Both El Niño and La Niña are weather patterns that occurs in the Pacific Ocean. It causes changes in global temperature and rainfall levels.
El Niño is associated with warmer sea surface temperatures and increased rainfall, while La Niña is associated with cooler sea surface temperatures and drought conditions.
Explanation:During El Niño, the climate in a specific region is characterized by warmer sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. This leads to changes in atmospheric circulation patterns which can result in increased rainfall in some areas, such as an extended wet season in South America.
On the other hand, during La Niña, the climate in a specific region is characterized by cooler sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. This can lead to drought conditions in some regions, such as decreased precipitation in the western United States.
Learn more about El Niño and La Niña here:https://brainly.com/question/40852399
#SPJ11
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents decrease the oxygen demands of the heart by what mechanism?A. Increasing cardiac output, thereby increasing the oxygen supplied to the heartB. Increasing blood pressure, which increases the amount of blood returned to the heartC. Increasing conduction to the atrioventricular node, thereby increasing cardiac outputD. Decreasing the heart rate, allowing for longer filling time and increased blood to the heart
Answer:
option D
Explanation:
beta blockers usually decreases the blood pressure by inhibiting the release of adrenaline also known as epinephrine hormone which have sympathetic effects on heart. Beta blockers works by slowing down the heart rate, so less oxygen is needed by heart to pump the blood and takes longer time in filling.
but beta blockers are not recommended in hypertension. and they are also not used in asthmatic patient as it can worsen the asthma.
what happens when the recombination frequency is greater than 50 in three point crosses
Answer:
Non parental genes will become higher than that of parental genes
Explanation:
Genes recombine when the chromosomes pieces swap physically along the chromosomes. Recombination frequency determines the percentage of offspring that recombined during the meiosis cell division.In case where recombination frequency becomes greater than fifty percent then the amount of non-parental genes would be greater than half of the total number of genes . This scenario is not feasible as in random assortment ratio of parental to non-parental genes is 1:1.of genes the Therefore, in any case the recombination frequency will not increase more than 50 percent
Use this information to answer the question(s) below: A researcher found a method she could use to manipulate and quantify phosphorylation and methylation in embryonic cells in culture.In one set of experiments she succeeded in increasing acelylation of histonc fails Which of the 6 following results would she most likely see? A) decreased binding of transcription factors B) inactivation of the selected genes C) decreased chromatin condensation D) increased chromatin condensation
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Acetylation of Histone Tail is defined as the process of introduction of an Acetyl functional group to the Amino Acid of the histone tail through the action of specialized enzymes called Histone Acetyl Transferase(HAT) or Histone Deacetylase (HDAC).
Now according to the question that states that the scientist have devised a method to increase acetylation of histone tails we need to find out the effect it has on the chromatin condensation state.To understand the effect we first need to understand what effect does acetylation have on chromatin structure that is
It removes the positive charge on the histone tail thereby reducing its affinity for the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA.
It also reduces the affinity for adjacent nucleosomes thereby leading to a considerable reduction in the ability of nucelosomes arrays to form highly ordered chromatin structures.
Finally the most important aspect of acetylation lies in creating a transcription enabling environment to allow the increased interaction of histone with regulatory proteins.In other words this leads to structural changes in the nucleosomes.
Hence it is perfectly justified to claim that that increase in acetylation of Histone Tails will eventually lead to decreased Chromatin Condenstaion.
What is the primary source of fuel for the brain?
a.proteins
b. fats
c.carbohydrates
d.vitamins
Answer:
it's answer C
That is Carbohydrates
Explanation:
"The brain's primary source of fuel is carbohydrates,". "Those carbohydrates are broken down into sugar in a form called glucose. Your brain uses glucose as its main source of energy."
The brain's primary source of fuel is carbohydrates, specifically glucose. Although the brain can use fats and proteins under certain circumstances, carbohydrates are its preferred energy source. This underlines the importance of balanced nutrition for good brain health.
Explanation:The primary source of fuel for the brain is carbohydrates. More specifically, the brain uses glucose, a simple form of carbohydrate, as its main energy source. When you eat carbohydrates, your body breaks them down into glucose, which is then transported via the bloodstream to the brain and used as fuel. While the brain can use other nutrients like fats and proteins under certain conditions, they are not its preferred or primary source of energy. The brain's reliance on glucose is one of the reasons why balanced nutrition, including sufficient intake of carbohydrates, is vital for brain health and function.
Learn more about Brain's energy source here:https://brainly.com/question/26049857
#SPJ6
The __________ the resistance in a blood vessel, the more rapidly the pressure __________ as blood flows through it.
Answer:
The HIGHER the resistance in a blood vessel, the more rapidly the pressure DECREASES as blood flows through it.
What can be inferred from the phylogenetic tree shown? A) Flagellates and Animals are more closely related than Fungi and Animals. B) Ciliates and Diplomads are more closely related than Plants and Ciliates. C) Thermoproteus and Pyrodicticum are more related to each other than Methanosarcina is to Thermoproteus. D) Gram positives and Microsporidia are more related to each other than Cyanobacteria is to Gram positives.
Answer:
Thermoproteus and Pyrodicticum are more related to each other than Methanosarcina is to Thermoproteus.
Explanation:
Those two branch off closer to one another than Methanosarcina and Thermoproteus. This indicates a closer common ancestor.
Final answer:
Without the actual phylogenetic tree image, it is impossible to provide a confident answer regarding the relationship between the groups mentioned. Phylogenetic trees illustrate the evolutionary relationships based on shared characteristics, which are determined through various types of data.
Explanation:
The question asks which statement can be inferred from a given phylogenetic tree. Without the image of the actual phylogenetic tree, it is not possible to confidently provide which of the statements (A, B, C, or D) is correct. Phylogenetic trees are diagrams that represent the evolutionary relationships among various biological species, based on similarities and differences in their physical and/or genetic characteristics.
A phylogenetic tree is built using data from various sources, such as morphological features, DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, and it is essential to differentiate between homologous (traits inherited from a common ancestor) and analogous (traits that developed independently due to similar evolutionary pressures) structures before creating the tree. This helps in accurately depicting the evolutionary pathways.
An accurate diagram would show the branching patterns and divergence points, which indicate the relative relatedness of different groups. For example, if flagellates and animals share a more recent common ancestor than fungi and animals do, it would mean that flagellates and animals are more closely related, and the diagram would depict them branching closer together.
A population of aliens with similar genetics as humans is affected by a homozygous recessive condition known as "xbziq." This condition causes aliens to die at young ages because their digestive tracts are not able to effectively process food and obtain the necessary nutrients and energy from their diets. Approximately 2% of the newborn aliens have the xbziq condition. What is the carrier (heterozygote) frequency in the population?
Answer:
24%
Explanation:
The given genetic trait is homozygous recessive and the frequency of homozygous recessive genotypes in the population is 2%.
Therefore, frequency of homozygous recessive genotypes (q2) = 2% = 0.02
Frequency of homozygous recessive allele (q) = square root of 0.02 = 0.141
Since p+q =1 (here, p = frequency of dominant allele).
So, p= 1-q = 1-0.141 = 0.859
The frequency of heterozygous carrier genotypes in the population = 2pq = 2 x 0.141 x 0.859 = 0.24 or 24%
Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following directions.
(A) Safe Drinking Water Act
(B) Clean Water Act
(C) Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
(D) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(E) Toxic Substances Control Act Requires minimum safety standards for community water supplies
The Safe Drinking Water Act (A) is the best choice for the statement as it is focused on setting the minimum safety standards for community water supplies in the United States.
Explanation:The statement 'Requires minimum safety standards for community water supplies can be best paired with the Safe Drinking Water Act (A). This is because the Safe Drinking Water Act passed in 1974 in the United States, is a federal law that ensures the quality of Americans' drinking water. The law requires many actions to protect drinking water and its sources including rivers, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and groundwater wells. The other choices pertain to different aspects of environmental and water protection, with varying levels of specificity and areas of focus.
Learn more about Safe Drinking Water Act here:https://brainly.com/question/32940199
#SPJ11
Final answer:
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) is the legislation that sets minimum safety standards for community water supplies by establishing Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for contaminants in drinking water. Thus, option A is correct.
Explanation:
The legislation that requires minimum safety standards for community water supplies is the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). This act, established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1974, was created to standardize drinking water quality across the United States. The SDWA authorizes the EPA to set national health-based standards for drinking water to protect against both naturally occurring and man-made contaminants that may be found in drinking water. The EPA achieves this by conducting risk assessments and setting Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs), which are the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. If the MCL is exceeded, immediate water treatment is mandated to reduce the contaminant level to an acceptable standard.
In giraffes, long necks (N), long legs (L), dark spots (D), and the ability to digest plant material with high cellulose levels (M) are all dominant traits. What possible genotype could a long-necked, short-legged, light-spotted, cellulose-digesting giraffe have?
Answer:
NNllddMM or NnllddMm
Explanation:
Given -
a) Allele representing long neck is N and allele representing small neck is n
b) Allele representing Long legs is L and allele representing short legs is l
c) Allele representing Dark spots is D and allele representing light spots is d
d) Allele representing ability to digest plant material with high cellulose levels is M and disability to digest plant material with high cellulose levels is m
Genotype for Lock neck would be NN or Nn
Genotype for short-legged would be ll
Genotype for light-spotted would be dd
Genotype for cellulose-digesting giraffe would be MM or Mm
Hence, genotype of a giraffe with long-necked, short-legged, light-spotted, cellulose-digesting giraffe would be NNllddMM
or NnllddMm
An action potential is a. the tiny electrical charge that exists when a. a neuron is neither receiving nor sending information. b. an electrical signal that travels along the axon of a neuron. c. the small gap that exists between adjacent neurons. d. an electrical signal that travels along the dendrites of a neuron.
Answer:
b. an electrical signal that travels along the axon of a neuron.
Explanation:
An action potential is a nerve impulse or an electrical signal that travels down an axon which cause a change in polarity across the membrane of the axon.
In response to an electrical signal from another neuron, sodium ion (Na+) and potassium ion (K+) (i.e gated ion channels) open and close as the membrane reaches its threshold potential. Na+ channels open at the beginning of the action potential, and Na+ moves into the axon, causing depolarization.
Repolarization occurs when the K+ channels open and K+ moves out of the axon, causing a diferent change in polarity between the exterior of the cell and the interior of the cell. The impulse then travels down the axon in one direction only, to the axon terminal where it signals to other neurons.
An action potential is b. an electrical signal that travels along the axon of a neuron
An action potential is an electrical signal that travels along the axon of a neuron. It's a rapid change in voltage across the neuron's membrane that propagates a nerve impulse, essential for neuronal communication. This process is a fundamental component of neuronal communication. When a neuron receives a chemical signal or some form of stimulus, this leads to a sudden reversal in the electrical gradient across the neuron's membrane, initiating the action potential. This electrical signal travels rapidly down the neuron's axon as it conducts the nerve impulse. The phenomenon is marked by a swift change in voltage across the neuron's membrane, where sodium ions rush into the cell, causing the inside to become positively charged compared to the outside. This reversal triggers the signal to ripple down the axon, facilitating communication within the nervous system.
Which transports digested lipids and bile across digestive fluids to the surface of mucosal cells?a. LDL'sb. micellesc. HDL'sd. chylomicrons
Answer:
B. Micelles
Explanation:
Digestion products of lipids such as fatty acids and monoglycerides are hydrophobic. Bile salts make these hydrophobic molecules more soluble. The amphipathic bile salts in intestinal chyme surround them to form tiny spheres called micelles. Each micelle is 2–10 nm in diameter and has almost 20–50 bile salt molecules.
During micelles formation, the hydrophobic regions of bile salts interact with fatty acids and monoglycerides while their hydrophilic regions interact with the watery intestinal chyme. These micelles move from the interior of the small intestinal lumen to the brush border of the absorptive cells where the fatty acids and monoglycerides diffuse out of the micelles into the absorptive cells. The micelles are left behind in the chyme to transport even move digested lipids.
The base composition of an RNA virus was analyzed and found to be 14.1% A, 14.0% U, 36.2% G, and 35.7% C. Would you conclude that the viral genetic material is single-stranded RNA or double-stranded RNA? 2. The genetic material found within some viruses is single-stranded DNA. Would this genetic material contain equal amounts of A and T and equal amounts of G and C?
Answer:
The correct answer will be -
1. Genetic material of virus is- dsRNA
2. ssDNA does not have equal amount
Explanation:
According to Chargaff's rule the amount of Adenine=Thymine/Uracil and Guanine=Cytosine in the double-stranded DNA or RNA.
If the content of A and U are equal that is 14.1% and G and C are almost equal therefore it follows the Chargaff rule and thus the genetic material is the ds RNA molecule.
The Chargaff rule is not applicable where the genetic material is single-stranded so if the material is single-stranded therefore the A is not equal to T and G is not equal to C.
Thus, dsRNA and ssDNA does not have equal amount is the correct answer.
The genetic material of the organism can be DNA or RNA. The genetic material of the virus is dsRNA and the ssDNA will not have an equal amount of the bases.
What is the Base pairing rule?The genetic material of the organisms follows the base-pairing rule of the Chargaff and is applicable to the double-stranded DNA.
According to the rule, the amount of the adenine is equivalent to the thymine or uracil and cytosine to the guanine. The molecule follows Chargaff's rule of base pairing and hence can be a double-stranded RNA molecule.
In the case of the single-stranded DNA, the amount of the adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine does not follow the Chargaff's base and hence will not have an equal amount of the bases.
Therefore, the virus will have ds RNA and the ssDNA will not have the same composition of the bases.
Learn more about bases here:
https://brainly.com/question/14915530
While mosses can cover a significant area of land, they are never more than a few centimeters tall. Why do they not grow tall?
Answer:
They have no vascular system.
Explanation:
Vascular system contains an important feature they have series of tubes which helps to transport nutrients, and water over a distance in plants. The vascular system of phloem, and xylem allows trees (such as redwood) to grow a hundred feet tall.
Mosses do not have vascular system. Without the vascular system liverworts, and mosses are not able to grow large. Mosses are rarely one inch in height. Mosses are small flowerless waxy plants with no stem, and leaves.
Final answer:
Mosses do not grow tall because they are nonvascular plants without a complex system to transport water and nutrients, which limits them to surviving in moist conditions and growing only a few centimeters tall.
Explanation:
Mosses are fascinating plants that do not grow tall because they lack a vascular system. Unlike trees, which have a complex system to transport water, nutrients, and sugars, mosses must absorb these necessities directly through their leaves. Mosses have simple structures called rhizoids that help them attach to surfaces, but these are not true roots and cannot draw in water from deep within the soil. As nonvascular plants, mosses grow close together in clumps or mats, relying on moist conditions to survive. Furthermore, natural forces like wind and light create a demand for plants to grow taller, while water accessibility encourages a shorter stature. Mosses have not evolved to tackle this conflict, resulting in their characteristic low growth. They are prevalent in environments ranging from tundra to tropical forests, where they play a critical role in moisture retention, soil nutrition, and providing shelter and food for animals. However, their sensitivity to air pollution and certain substances like copper salts impacts where and how they can survive.