Calculate the formula unit mass of NaHCO3. (At. Mass of Na=23u, H=1u, C=12u, O=16u)

Explanation:

According to Newton law of gravity, the strength of gravitational pull between two objects is related to their masses, directly, and inversely by the distance between them;

F = G * (M₂ – M₁) / d where;

F – the force of gravity

G – gravitational constant

M₂ – the mass of one object

M₁ – the mass of the other object

d – the distance between the two objects

The rocky planets have a higher mass than the gas planets hence will be strongly ‘feel’ the gravitational pull of the star in the solar system revolves about.  This is why rocky planets are closer to their star while gas planets are towards the outer edges.

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Answer:

Because of these two trends, the largest atoms are found in the lower left corner of the periodic table, and the smallest are found in the upper right corner (Figure 2.8.

Explanation:

comment how it helps

Answer:

[tex]Pd^{2+}[/tex] is the strongest oxidizing agent .

Explanation:

It is said in the question that given reactions are spontaneous.

As [tex]Np^{3+}[/tex] oxidizes Ce to  [tex]Ce^{3+}[/tex] we can say that  [tex]Np^{3+}[/tex] is a stronger oxidizing agent than  [tex]Ce^{3+}[/tex].

Similarly , [tex]Cd^{2+}[/tex] is stronger than  [tex]Np^{3+}[/tex] (from first reaction).

From second reaction we can see that  [tex]Pd^{2+}[/tex] is stronger than  [tex]Cd^{2+}[/tex].

The order of oxidizing strength is  [tex]Pd^{2+}[/tex] >  [tex]Cd^{2+}[/tex] >  [tex]Np^{3+}[/tex] >  [tex]Ce^{3+}[/tex] .

Answer:

This is because of Newton's third Law of motion :

For every action there is equal and opposite reaction .

Explanation:

When air is squeezed out from the balloon , the potential energy (Shape of balloon) is converted into Kinetic energy. This kinetic energy is possessed  by fast moving air particles coming out from balloon.These air particles are pushed backward,so according to Newtons third law , the balloon should fly upward.

[tex]F_{AB} = - F_{BA}[/tex]

Answer:

According to Newton’s third law of motion, the balloon is pushed forward as the air is forced out.

Explanation:

Action, Reaction

Answer:

Hydration  

Explanation:

In water, ions are surrounded by a sphere of water molecules called a hydration shell. The process of forming this shell is called hydration.

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The correct answer would be option D

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They knew which substances could not be broken down by chemical means.

By definition, an element is the smallest part of a substance which has independent existence and can not be broken down by chemical means.

We must remember that the early chemists didn't have the luxury of the sophisticated equipment we have today many of which can literally "see through" a substance.

The had to depend on rather crude methods and instruments. Amidst all that, they still knew which substances could not be broken down by chemical means and those that could not. Those that could not be broken down by chemical means were labelled as elements and characterized.

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Answer:

1 and 2

Explanation:

Releasing some of the gas would reduce the amount of atoms inside the container therefore reducing pressure.

Cold temperature would slow down the particles in the container leading to fewer collisions per second which translates to less pressure

Answer: i. 4g of MgO

ii. 1.12dm3

Explanation:Please see attachment for explanation

Answer:

Those are the waste products

Explanation:

Glucose and oxygen are produced as a waste product as a result of photosynthesis

The amount of space matter takes up is not its volume.

False. The amount of space matter takes up is its volume, which is a concept in Physics. Volume is measured in cubic units, such as cubic meters or cubic centimeters, depending on the scale. It can be calculated by multiplying the length, width, and height of an object or by using specific formulas for different shapes.

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Answer:

b. 0,99atm

c. Answer is in the explanation

d. Answer is in the explanation

Explanation:

b. Using Gay-Lussac's law:

P₁T₂ = P₂T₁

P₁: 0,70 atm; T₂: 425K; P₂: ??; T₁: 299K

0,70atm×425K / 299K = 0,99 atm

c. Using kinetic molecular theory, the increasing of temperature increases the kinetic energy of gas particles and if kinetic energy increases, the pressure increases. That means the increasing of temperature increases the pressure in the system.

d. Now, the increases in kinetic energy of gases increase the collisions betwen particles. As these intermolecular forces that are not taken into account in ideal gas law, the observed pressure will be different to the pressure predicted by ideal gas law.

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The pressure of the gas increases from 0.70 atm to 0.99 atm as the temperature is increased. The interaction of the gas molecules causes the pressure of the gas to deviate from the predicted value.

From the information in the question;

Initial temperature(T1) =  299 K

Initial pressure (P1) = 0.70 atm

Final pressure (P2) = ?

Final temperature (T2) = 425 K

Given that;

P1/T1 = P2/T2

P1T2 = P2T1

P2 = P1T2/T1

P2 = 0.70 atm × 425 K/ 299 K

P2 = 0.99 atm

In terms of the kinetic molecular theory, we know that the pressure of a gas has to do with its bombardment of the walls of the container. When the temperature of the gas is increased, the gas molecules become more energetic and bombard the walls of the container more frequently hence the pressure of the gas increases.

The particles of an ideal gas do not to interact with each other according to theory. However, real gases molecules interact with each other. Hence, actual pressure of the CO2(g) in the container at 425 K is less than the pressure predicted by the ideal gas law. More significant particle interaction decreases the pressure of the gas compared the value predicted based on the ideal gas law.

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Answer:

A. Biomass

Explanation:

Biomass must be burned to be useful as a fuel.

The combustion of biomass produces carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas.

B, C, and C are wrong. Once these energy sources are built, they produce no greenhouse gases.

Answer:

b.Electrons are shared between two atoms.

Answer:

Here's what I get  

Explanation:

Assume that the piston is weightless and frictionless and has an area of 0.01 m², and that the cylinder contains 0.001 m³ of air at 1 bar.

Then the gas is slowly heated, making the gas expand and force the piston up until the volume is 0.002 m³.

The gas is doing work, because it is pushing back against the pressure of the atmosphere in order to expand. The sign is negative, because of the thermodynamic convention that anything going out of the system is negative.

How much work has the gas done?

w = F × d, and

p = F/A, so

F = p × A. Then

w =p × A × d

A × d is the change in volume (ΔV) swept out by the piston as the gas expands. Thus

w = -pΔV (negative sign because of the convention)

= -1 × 10⁵ Pa × 0.001 m³ =-100 Pa·m³ = -100 J

The gas has done 100 J of work by expanding against an external pressure.

Answer:

actually the sign convention in physics and chem varies:

Explanation:

In chem , work done by the system (gas) is taken as negative.

Work done on the system (gas) is taken as positive.

this is because when the gas does work , its internal energy decreases and thus it looses energy upon doing work , so it is taken as negative.  

delta V is the change in volume.

P is the ext. pressure.

Now , to make it simple , when external pressure is applied to the gas , it gets compressed and thus it (gas) does work by exerting more pressure on the walls of the cylinder, which is why it is -P.

Answer:

Wavelength =  [tex]4.225\times 10^{-7}\ m[/tex].

Explanation:

Given:

The wave is a light wave. So, speed of light wave is, [tex]c=3\times 10^8\ m/s[/tex]

The frequency of the light wave is, [tex]f=7.1\times 10^{14}\ s^{-1}[/tex]

Let the wavelength of the light wave be [tex]\lambda[/tex].

Now, velocity of a wave is related to its frequency and wavelength as:

[tex]c=f\lambda[/tex]

Now, rewriting the above formula in terms of wavelength [tex]\lambda[/tex], we have

[tex]\lambda=\dfrac{c}{f}[/tex]

Plug in [tex]c=3\times 10^8\ m/s[/tex] and  [tex]f=7.1\times 10^{14}\ s^{-1}[/tex]. Solve for [tex]\lambda[/tex]. This gives,

[tex]\lambda=\dfrac{3\times 10^8\ ms^{-1}}{7.1\times 10^{14}\ s^{-1}}\\\\\lambda=4.225\times 10^{-7}\ m[/tex]

Therefore, the wavelength of the light wave is [tex]4.225\times 10^{-7}\ m[/tex].

Answer:

Number of atoms= [tex]1.004\times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms

Explanation:

1 mole is the mass of substance which contain [tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex]

particles of that substance.Its symbol is 'n'.

Here the quantity[tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] is called Avogadro number and it is denoted by [tex]N_{0}[/tex].

Mass of the substance in grams is called is molar mass.It is denoted by'M'

Moles can be calculated by :

1) [tex]n=\frac{given\ mass}{molar\ mass}=\frac{w}{M}[/tex]

2)[tex]n=\frac{Number\ of\ particles}{Avogadro\ number}=\frac{N}{N_{0}}

[/tex]

compare 1) and 2) formula, we get

[tex]\frac{N}{N_{0}=\frac{w}{M}[tex].................(i)

For silver (Ag), M=107.86 g

w=18 g  (given) and [tex]{N_{0}=6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex]

Put the values of w,M and [tex]{N_{0}[tex] in equation (i) and solve for N

[tex]\frac{N}{6.022\times 10^{23}}=\frac{18}{107.86}[/tex]

[tex]N=\frac{18}{107.86}\times 6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex]

[tex]N= 1.004\times 10^{23}[tex]

Hence Number of atoms of silver= [tex]1.004\times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms

Answer:

168.4 mL

Explanation:

Data Given

initial volume V1 of gas in balloon = 100 mL

initial pressure P1 of gas in balloon = 3.2 atm

final pressure P2 of gas in balloon = 1.9 atm

final volume V2 of gas in balloon = ?

Solution:

This problem will be solved by using Boyle's law equation at constant Temperature.

The formula used

                  P1V1 = P2V2

As we have to find out Volume, so rearrange the above equation

                  V2 = P1V1 / P2

Put value from the data given

V2 = 100 mL x 3.2 atm / 1.9 atm

V2 = 168.4 mL

So the final Volume of gas in baloon =  168.4 mL

Answer:

The correct answer is Ionization.

Explanation:

Ionization energy can be defined as minimum amount of energy that is required to remove an electron from the outer orbital or the valence orbital of an atom.

      Ionization energy depends on the size of the atom.If the atom is small in size that means the electrons of outer orbital are strongly attracted by the positively charged nucleus.As a result more energy is required to remove an electron from the outermost orbital of that atom.

  As a result the ionization energy of that atom will be high.

Answer:

enzyme because it is made of protein

Answer:

The correct option is B)  a gradual change of the traits of a species over time

Explanation:

The theory of natural selection explains the gradual changes which occur in the population of a species over time. According to natural selection, those organisms which are better adapted to live in an environment survive and pass on their traits to their offsprings. As a result, the traits of a species tend to change over time through the process of evolution. Evolutionary changes do not occur rapidly, instead, they can take many years to occur.

Answer:

The repeating nature of physical and chemical properties with atomic number

Explanation:

Periodic table is designed in a way in which elements are divided in groups and periods. Periods are rows and groups are columns. The elements in groups share similar properties due to the same number of valence electrons they have. Going along each period, we'll always get back to the same group at some point. This is why we have periodic trends, the trends repeat gradually when we finally reach the same group we're analyzing.

Physical and chemical properties vary periodically. For example:

The number of electron pairs around a central atom determines the molecule's molecular geometry, which is based on the VSEPR theory. By counting the total electron pairs (both bonding and lone pairs), one can use a reference table to predict the geometry of the molecule.

The number of electron pairs around a central atom is determined by the molecule's Lewis structure, which includes both bonding pairs (BP) and lone pairs (LP). This number is often referred to as the Steric Number (SN) or Electron Group Geometry. The basic molecular geometry depends on the count of these electron pairs and their arrangement to minimize repulsions, following a specified shape determined by the VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory.

To determine the molecular geometry, one must:

Count the total number of electron pairs (bonding and lone) around the central atom.

Determine the geometry of the molecule using a reference table that correlates the number of electron pairs to geometrical shape.

For example, a molecule with three electron groups around the central atom which includes two double bonds and one lone pair initially adopts a trigonal planar arrangement to minimize repulsion. However, the presence of a lone pair can adjust the actual molecular geometry from this initial layout.

Answer: Uranium

Explanation:

Answer:

[tex]^92^{234}U[/tex]

Explanation:

Plutonium is a heavy atom with a high mass to neutron ration (N/Z). Atoms with Z > 50 and an M/Z ratio of 1.25 or above tend to decay in a nuclear fission in which they release alpha particle, also known as a helium nucleus.

Let's say that our products are alpha particle and some unknown nucleus X with a mass of M and an atomic number of Z. Then our nuclear decay equation becomes:

[tex]_94^{238}Pu\rightarrow _2^4\alpha + _Z^M{X}[/tex]

In order to identif X, we need to apply the law of mass conservation first. That is, the mass of reactants should be equal to the mass of products:

[tex]238 = 4 + M\therefore M = 238 - 4 = 234[/tex]

Similarly, apply the law of charge conservation to identify Z:

[tex]94 = 2 + Z\therefore Z = 92[/tex]

Z = 92 corresponds to uranium, meaning X is:

[tex]^92^{234}U[/tex]

Answer:

Covalent Bonds

Explanation:

Nitrogen and phosphorus each have five electrons in their outer shells, which can hold up to eight electrons. Nitrogen atoms can form up to four covalent bonds.

Oxygen forms two bonds, nitrogen three bonds, hydrogen one bond, and carbon four bonds. When creating Lewis structures at the beginning chemistry level, these four components are frequently employed.

The diagrams known as Lewis structures, often referred to as Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures, depict the interactions between the atoms in a molecule as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may be present.

Lewis structures, often called Lewis-dot diagrams, depict the bonding between a molecule's atoms and its lone pairs of electrons. When used in conjunction with hybrid orbitals, Lewis structures can also be helpful in predicting molecular geometry.

Four covalent bonds are possible for carbon. Chemical bonds known as covalent bonds are formed between nonmetal. Two atoms share a pair of electrons in a covalent link.

Thus, When creating Lewis structures at the beginning chemistry level, these four components are frequently employed.

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Answer:

[tex]80^oF[/tex]

Explanation:

We may only compare thermal energy of the two objects when they have identical masses. In this case, this is true: the two objects have equal masses.

The first glass of milk is at a lower temperature, while the second glass of milk is at a higher temperature. Remembering the second law of thermodynamics, heat spontaneously flows from hotter objects to colder ones. This means, the higher the temperature of an object, the greater the thermal energy.

Think about it this way: the higher the temperature, the higher the kinetic energy of the particles (since [tex]E_k = \frac{3}{2}kT[/tex]). The greater the kinetic energy, the greater the velocity. This means a greater amount of energy will be transferred by the object of the same mass but with a higher temperature, as particles are more likely to collide.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Answer:

Decrease the volume to increase pressure and to increase concentration.  

Explanation:

Increasing the concentration will increase the number of collisions per second and therefore the rate of reaction.

A and B are wrong. You want to decrease the volume.

C is wrong. According to Boyle's Law, you can't decrease both the volume and the pressure at the same time.

Answer:

metamorphic

Explanation:

Metamorphic rocks form from heat and pressure changing the original or parent rock into a completely new rock. The parent rock can be either sedimentary, igneous, or even another metamorphic rock. -

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Answer:

Explanation:

D