The moles of acid (HCOOH) and base (NaOH) were calculated based on their respective volumes and concentrations. The moles of excess acid, along with the total volume, were used to determine the concentration of excess acid. Using this concentration, the pH during the titration was found to be 3.336.
Calculate the moles of acid and base:
Moles of HCOOH = (Volume) * (Concentration) = (30.0 mL) * (0.1000 M)
Moles of NaOH = (29.3 mL) * (0.1000 M)
Calculate the moles of excess acid:
Moles of excess HCOOH = (Moles of HCOOH) - (Moles of NaOH)
Calculate the concentration of excess acid:
Concentration of excess HCOOH = (Moles of excess HCOOH) / (Total volume)
Total volume = 30.0 mL + 29.3 mL
Use the concentration of excess acid to find [H+]:
[H+] = sqrt(Ka * Concentration of excess HCOOH)
The formula [H+] = sqrt(Ka * C) comes from the equilibrium expression for a weak acid, where C is the concentration of the acid.
Calculate pH:
pH = -log[H+]
Now, let's substitute the values:
Moles of HCOOH = (30.0 mL) * (0.1000 M) = 0.003 moles
Moles of NaOH = (29.3 mL) * (0.1000 M) = 0.00293 moles
Moles of excess HCOOH = 0.003 moles - 0.00293 moles = 6.72 x 10^-5 moles
Total volume = 30.0 mL + 29.3 mL = 59.3 mL = 0.0593 L
Concentration of excess HCOOH = (6.72 x 10^-5 moles) / (0.0593 L) = 1.13 x 10^-3 M
[H+] = sqrt((1.8 x 10^-4) * (1.13 x 10^-3 M)) = 4.61 x 10^-4 M
pH = -log(4.61 x 10^-4) = 3.336
Therefore, the pH during the titration is 3.336.
Question 1 (Matching Worth 3 points)
(07.07 MC)
Match the action to the effect on the equilibrium position for the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g).
Match Term Definition
Removing ammonia A) No effect
Removing hydrogen gas B) Shift to the left
Adding a catalyst C) Shift to the right
Question 2(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(07.07 MC)
Nitrogen dioxide gas is dark brown in color and remains in equilibrium with dinitrogen tetroxide gas, which is colorless.
2NO2(g) ⇌ N2O4(g)
When the light brown color equilibrium mixture was moved from room temperature to a lower temperature, the mixture turned lighter brown in color. Which of the following conclusions about this equilibrium mixture is true?
This reaction is endothermic because the system shifted to the left on cooling.
This reaction is endothermic because the system shifted to the right on cooling.
This reaction is exothermic because the system shifted to the left on cooling.
This reaction is exothermic because the system shifted to the right on cooling.
Question 3(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(07.07 LC)
According to Le Châtelier's principle, how will a decrease in concentration of a reactant affect the equilibrium system?
Shift it toward the products
Shift it toward the reactants
Shift it toward the side with higher total mole concentration
Shift it toward the side with lower total mole concentration
Question 4(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(07.07 MC)
What change would shift the equilibrium system to the left?
A(g) + B(s) + Energy ⇌ 3C(g)
Adding more of gas C to the system
Heating the system
Increasing the volume
Removing some of gas C from the system
Question 5(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(07.07 MC)
A chemical equilibrium between gaseous reactants and products is shown.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)
How will the reaction be affected if the pressure on the system is decreased?
It will shift toward the reactant side because the reactant side has one more mole of gas than the product side.
It will shift toward the product side as there are more oxygen atoms in the gas on the product side.
It will shift toward the reactant side as there is lower pressure on the reactant side.
It will shift toward the product side as there is higher pressure on the product side.
Question 6 (True/False Worth 2 points)
(07.07 LC)
According to Le Châtelier's principle, an increase in temperature will shift the equilibrium position toward the products in an endothermic reaction.
True
False
Question 7(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(07.07 MC)
What stress would shift the equilibrium position of the following system to the right?
N2O3(g) ⇌ NO(g) + NO2(g); ΔH is negative
Decreasing the concentration of N2O3
Heating the system
Adding a catalyst
Increasing the concentration of NO
Answer:
Question 1: 1) Increasing the pressure C) Shift to the right
2) Removing hydrogen gas A) Shift to the left
3) Adding a catalyst B) No effect
Question 2: This reaction is exothermic because the system shifted to the right on cooling.
Question 3: Shift it toward the reactants.
Question 4: Adding more of gas C to the system.
Question 5: It will shift toward the reactant side because the reactant side has one more mole of gas than the product side.
Question 6: True.
Question 7: there is no suitable choice is provided.
We can shift the equilibrium toward the right via:
Increasing N2O3 concentration,
decreasing NO and/or NO2 concentration,
decreasing the pressure,
lowering the T (cooling the system).
Explanation:
Question 1: Match the action to the effect on the equilibrium position for the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g).
Match Term Definition
Removing ammonia A) No effect
Removing hydrogen gas B) Shift to the left
Adding a catalyst C) Shift to the right
Le Châtelier's principle states that when there is an dynamic equilibrium, and this equilibrium is disturbed by an external factor, the equilibrium will be shifted in the direction that can cancel the effect of the external factor to reattain the equilibrium.1) Increasing the pressure:
When there is an increase in pressure, the equilibrium will shift towards the side with fewer moles of gas of the reaction. And when there is a decrease in pressure, the equilibrium will shift towards the side with more moles of gas of the reaction.The reactants side (left) has 4.0 moles of gases and the products side (right) has 2.0 moles of gases.So, increasing the pressure will shift the reaction to the side with lower moles of gas (right side).so, the right match is: C) Shift to the right.
2) Removing hydrogen gas:
Removing hydrogen gas will decrease the concentration of the products side, so the reaction will be shifted to the lift side to suppress the decrease in the concentration of hydrogen gas by removing.so, the right match is: A) Shift to the left.
3) Adding a catalyst:
Catalyst increases the rate of the reaction without affecting the equilibrium position.Catalyst increases the rate via lowering the activation energy of the reaction.This can occur via passing the reaction in alternative pathway (changing the mechanism).The activation energy is the difference in potential energies between the reactants and transition state (for the forward reaction) and it is the difference in potential energies between the products and transition state (for the reverse reaction).in the presence of a catalyst, the activation energy is lowered by lowering the energy of the transition state, which is the rate-determining step, catalysts reduce the required energy of activation to allow a reaction to proceed and, in the case of a reversible reaction, reach equilibrium more rapidly.with adding a catalyst, both the forward and reverse reaction rates will speed up equally, which allowing the system to reach equilibrium faster.so, the right match is: B) No effect.
Question 2: Nitrogen dioxide gas is dark brown in color and remains in equilibrium with dinitrogen tetroxide gas, which is colorless.
2NO2(g) ⇌ N2O4(g)
When the light brown color equilibrium mixture was moved from room temperature to a lower temperature, the mixture turned lighter brown in color. Which of the following conclusions about this equilibrium mixture is true?
Moving from room temperature to a lower temperature, means that the T is decreased.The mixture turned lighter brown in color, means that the reaction is shifted towards the products side.Moving towards the product side, means that we decreased the concentration of the product side, which ,means that the heat is evolved from the reaction and the reaction is exothermic.
So, the right choice is: This reaction is exothermic because the system shifted to the right on cooling.
Question 3: According to Le Châtelier's principle, how will a decrease in concentration of a reactant affect the equilibrium system?
A decrease in the reactants concentration will disturb the equilibrium position of the system. To attain the equilibrium again, the system will be shifted to the lift (reactants side) to increases the concentration of the reactants and attain the equilibrium again.
So, the right choice is: Shift it toward the reactants.
Note: The answer of Q 4, 5, 6 & 7 and all answers are in the attached word file.
These questions are based on Le Châtelier's principle and relate to the effects of changes in concentration, temperature, and pressure on chemical equilibrums. The reaction will always try to offset the disturbance by shifting towards the side that will help restore equilibrium.
Explanation:The answers are based on Le Châtelier's principle, which states that equilibrium in a system will adjust to offset any changes made.
On removing ammonia, the system will try to replace those lost, causing the reaction to shift to the right. On removing hydrogen gas, the system will also try to replace it causing a shift to the left.Adding a catalyst doesn't affect the position of the equilibrium because it speeds up the rates of the forward and reverse reactions equally.As the mixture turned a lighter brown when the temperature was decreased, the reaction shifted to the right favoring the formation of N2O4, a colourless gas. This is because exothermic reactions are favored by a decrease in temperature. Therefore, this reaction is exothermic and shifts to the right on cooling.A decrease in concentration of a reactant would shift the equilibrium toward the reactants to try and replace the lost quantity.Removing some of gas C from the system would shift the equilibrium to the left to try to replace the lost quantity.If pressure on the system is decreased, the system will shift towards the side with the greater number of moles of gas, in this case, the reactant side. This creates more mole of gas, offsetting the decrease in pressure.An increase in temperature will indeed shift the equilibrium towards products in an endothermic reaction, in a bid to use up the excess heat.For the last question, as the reaction is exothermic, heat is a product. Therefore, heating the system would shift the reaction to the left.Learn more about Le Châtelier's principle here:https://brainly.com/question/12099569
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Determine the pH of 0.050 M HNO3 solution. HNO3 is a strong acid.
Answer: 1.30
Explanation:
pH or pOH is the measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
pH is calculated by taking negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration.
[tex]pH=-\log [H^+][/tex]
[tex]pH+pOH=14[/tex]
Given: 0.050 M [tex]HNO_3[/tex]
[tex]HNO_3\rightarrow H^++NO_3^-[/tex]
Concentration of [tex]H^+[/tex] = 0.050 M
[tex]pH=-log[0.050M][/tex]
[tex]pH=1.30[/tex]
Thus pH of 0.050 M of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] is 1.30.
Answer:
1.30 is the pH balance
Explanation:
The process of cellular respiration, which converts simple sugars such as glucose into CO2 and water, is an example of _____. See Concept 8.1 (Page 144) View Available Hint(s) The process of cellular respiration, which converts simple sugars such as glucose into CO2 and water, is an example of _____. See Concept 8.1 (Page 144) a pathway in which the entropy of the system decreases a catabolic pathway an endergonic pathway a pathway that occurs in animal cells but not plant cells a pathway that converts organic matter into energy
a catabolic pathway. Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway.
The standard gibbs free energy of formation of ___ is zero: 1. h2o(l) 2. na(s) 3. h2 (g)
3. H2 (g) has a standard gibbs free energy of 0
The standard Gibbs free energy of formation is zero for substances in their standard states. Hence, it would be zero for Sodium (Na) as a solid and Hydrogen (H2) as a gas. However, for water (H2O), it is not zero as it is a compound formed from hydrogen and oxygen.
Explanation:The subject of your question pertains to the standard Gibbs free energy of formation. By definition, the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of an element in its most stable form is zero under standard conditions. In your question, you offer three options: water (H2O), sodium (Na), and hydrogen (H2).
Since the standard Gibbs free energy of formation is the change that happens when one mole of a substance forms from its elements in their standard states, the standard Gibbs free energy of formation for an elemental substance in its standard state, is zero. Therefore, Sodium (Na) in its standard state as a solid (s) and Hydrogen (H2) in its gaseous state (g) both have a standard Gibbs free energy of formation of zero.
In contrast, water (H2O) is a compound, not an element. Thus, its standard Gibbs free energy of formation is not zero because it does not exist in nature in its elemental form but is formed via reactions between hydrogen and oxygen.
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A scientist found the fossilized remains of a modern badger species in a new layer of sedimentary rock. The fossil was dated to the Holocene geologic epoch. If the scientist wanted to find an ancestor of this species from the Pleistocene geologic epoch, where should she look?
A scientist hunting for an ancestor of a modern badger species from the Pleistocene epoch should search for fossils in geologic deposits known to be from that period, usually found within sedimentary rocks. Using dating techniques like radiometric dating, the age of these fossils can be determined. Despite the gaps in the fossil record, new discoveries and advanced technologies aid in understanding the evolution of species.
Explanation:In order to find a fossil of an ancestor of the modern badger species from the Pleistocene geologic epoch, the scientist should look for fossil deposits associated with the Pleistocene era. The Pleistocene epoch, ranging from about 2.6 million to 11,700 years ago, was the most recent epoch of the Ice Age. During this time, many large, cold-adapted mammals thrived. Finding a fossil includes factors such as the location, type of rock sediments and the dating technique used.
Fossils can often be found within sedimentary rocks. To locate these fossils, the scientist will typically focus on regions known for their easily eroded rocks, such as river valleys or cliffs, and drill core samples to search for fossils. Dating techniques, such as radiometric dating and relative dating, can help pinpoint the age of the fossils to the Pleistocene era.
While the fossil record is incomplete, the constant endeavor of paleontologists, archaeologists, and other scientists continues to fill in gaps with every new discovery. They use a range of methodologies including stratigraphic correlation and paleomagnetic studies to locate and accurately date fossils, shedding light on the evolution and ancestry of species like the badger.
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To find an ancestor from the Pleistocene epoch, the scientist should look in a layer of rock below the Holocene layer where the modern badger fossil was found. Lower layers are older due to being buried for a longer time. The correct answer is A.
The correct answer is A. in a layer of rock below the badger fossil, since lower layers are usually older.
Fossils found at the lowest layer of rock would be the oldest, as these would have been buried for the longest time, whereas fossils found closer to the surface would be buried more recently and therefore be younger. The Pleistocene epoch predates the Holocene epoch, so earlier ancestors likely lived during that time and would be found in lower geological layers.
In summary, if the scientist wanted to locate an ancestor from the Pleistocene epoch, she should look in lower layers of sedimentary rock beneath the Holocene layer where the modern badger fossil was found.
Complete question :-
A scientist found the fossilized remains of a modern badger species in a new layer of sedimentary rock. The fossil was dated to the Holocene geologic epoch. If the scientist wanted to find an ancestor of this species from the Pleistocene geologic epoch, where should she look?
A. in a layer of rock below the badger fossil, since lower layers are usually older
B. in a layer of rock known to be from the Eocene geologic epoch that is at another location
C. in a layer of rock above the badger fossil, since younger layers are usually higher
D. in the same layer of rock in which the badger fossil was found, since related organisms are usually together
Identify each example on the diagram as a carbon source or a carbon sink.
Plants and animals RE a carbon source during respiration. they take in Oxygen and give out Carbon (IV) oxide as a by product. Combustion of fossil fuels is also source of carbon (IV) Oxide.
Formation of fossils from dead plants and animals is a carbon sink. photosynthesis is also a carbon sink as plants take in carbon (IV) Oxide that is used to make food.
Answer: According to the given diagram.
Atmosphere- source
Factories, power stations and vehicle emissions- source
Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)- source
Plants- sinks
Animals- source
Explanation:
According to the given diagram.
Atmosphere- source
The atmosphere is the mass of different gases. The carbon dioxide is the gas which is also present in the atmosphere. The atmosphere is the source of carbon dioxide.
Factories, power stations and vehicle emissions- source
The factories, power stations and vehicle emissions emit the carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere as they use the fossil fuel as a source of thermal energy.
Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)- source
When the fossil fuel burns they emit immense amounts of gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxides in the atmosphere. Hence, they are the source of carbon.
Plants- sinks
Plants require carbon dioxide as reactant for the purpose of photosynthesis. Therefore, they absorb the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Hence, they called as carbon sinks.
Animals- source
The animals release carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which is a byproduct of the process of respiration.
How many moles are there in
15 grams of:
CaCO3
204 grams of:
Al203
1) moles = mass/mR
CaCO3 Mr = 40 + 12 + (16×3)
= 52 + 48
= 100
mass = 15
so the moles would be 15 ÷ 100
which is 0.15 moles of CaCO3
2) moles = mass ÷ Mr
Mr of Al2O3 = 27 + (16×3)
= 27 + 48
= 75
mass = 204
so the moles would be 204/75 which is 2.72 moles of Al2O3
There are 0.15 moles in 15 grams of CaCO₃ and 2 moles in 204 grams of Al₂O₃.
To determine the number of moles in a given mass of a substance, you can use the formula:
moles = mass (grams) / molar mass (g/mol)
Calculating Moles of CaCO₃:We know the molar mass of CaCO₃ is 100 g/mol
(Ca: 40.0, C: 12.0, O: 16.0 × 3).
Given mass of CaCO₃ is 15 grams.
Apply the formula: moles = 15 g / 100 g/mol
= 0.15 moles
Calculating Moles of Al₂O₃:We calculate the molar mass of Al₂O₃:
Al: 27.0 × 2 = 54.0
O: 16.0 × 3 = 48.0
Total molar mass of Al₂O₃ = 54.0 + 48.0 = 102 g/mol
Given mass of Al₂O₃ is 204 grams.
Apply the formula: moles = 204 g / 102 g/mol = 2 moles
Complete question.
How many moles are there in :
15 grams of CaCO₃204 grams of Al₂0₃Rank the following elements by effective nuclear charge, Zeff, for a valence electron.F LI Be B N
1.The effective nuclear charge (Zeff or Z*) is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom. The term “effective” is used because the shielding effect of negatively charged electrons prevents higher orbital electrons from experiencing the full nuclear charge.
Equation: Zeff = Z – S
2.where Z is the number of protons
3. S is the number of electrons between the nucleus and the electron in question.
Decreasing order effective nuclear charge:
F>N>B>Be>Li
Answer: F>N>B>Be>Li
Explanation: Electrons are attracted towards the nucleus due to the positive charge present in the nucleus and negative charge on the electrons. This nucleus charge for all the electrons present in different shells of an atom is not same. Inner electrons decreases the nuclear charge felt by the outer shell electrons and its known as shielding effect.
Effective nuclear charge is calculated using the formula:
[tex]Z_e_f_f=Z-S[/tex]
where, [tex]Z_e_f_f[/tex] stands for effective nuclear charge, Z is the atomic number and S is the shielding constant value which is calculated using Slater's rule.
As per Slater's rule, the contribution by the electrons in nth shell is 0.35 and
the contribution by the electrons present in n-1 shell is 0.85 and for rest of the shells like n-2, n-3 etc it is 1.00. It is also 1.00 for the n-1 shell electrons that are present in d and s.
Electron configurations for all the elements we have are:
Li = [tex]1s^22s^1[/tex]
Be = [tex]1s^22s^2[/tex]
B = [tex]1s^22s^22p^1[/tex]
N = [tex]1s^22s^22p^3[/tex]
F = [tex]1s^22s^22p^5[/tex]
The number of inner shell electrons is equal for all these elements so for the valence electrons the shielding constant would almost be same.
So, effective nuclear charge will be greater for the element to which the atomic number is higher.
The order of atomic numbers is F>N>B>Be>Li . So, the highest to lowest order of effective nuclear charge will also be F>N>B>Be>Li .
At which of the following temperatures is the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance the greatest?
( a. 18.1 °C
( b. 20.4 °C
( c. 36.2 °C
( d. 65.4 °C
D. The higher the temperature the more the atoms are shifting and shaking around
Answer: [tex]65.4^0C[/tex]
Explanation:
Average kinetic energy is defined as the average of the kinetic energies of all the particles present in a system. It is determined by the equation:
[tex]K=\frac{3RT}{2}[/tex]
R= gas constant
T= temperature in kelvin
From above, it is visible that kinetic energy is directly related to the temperature of the system. So, if temperature is more, average kinetic energy of the system is more and vice-versa.
a. [tex]18^0C=18+273=291K[/tex]
b. [tex]20.4^0C=20.4+273=293.4K[/tex]
c. [tex]36.2^0C=36.2+273=309.2K[/tex]
d. [tex]65.4^0C=65.4+273=338.4K[/tex]
Thus substance at [tex]65.4^0C[/tex] will have greatest kinetic energy.
DOUBLE POINTS!! What causes a reaction to be spontaneous? Provide an example in your explanation.
Thanks in advance! :) GIVING BRAINLIEST!
A chemical reaction is considered spontaneous if A) the reaction releases heat, and B) if the entropy of the system increases. There is a formula known as the Gibbs Free Energy equation that predicts whether or not a reaction will be spontaneous; this formula considers the enthalpy side (heat) and the entropy side (disorder) of the reaction when making the prediction.
Hope this helps!
A reaction is spontaneous if it can occur without external input, determined by the changes in enthalpy and entropy of the system. This is calculated using the Gibbs free energy equation. An example is the combustion of gasoline.
Explanation:A reaction is considered spontaneous if it can proceed without any outside intervention. This is determined by two key factors: change in enthalpy (∆H) and change in entropy (∆S). The Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) equation, ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, is used to determine spontaneity. For a reaction to be spontaneous, ΔG has to be negative (exergonic reaction).
For instance, the combustion of gasoline is an example of a spontaneous reaction. When gasoline is ignited, it combusts (reacts with oxygen) to create water and carbon dioxide, releasing heat and expanding gases, driving your car forward. This reaction is spontaneous because it releases energy (∆H is negative) and the products are more disordered than the reactants (∆S is positive), making ∆G negative.
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Can someone check my work?
Electromagnetic waves Mechanical Waves
Visible Light Ocean Wave
Can be reflected Requires a medium
Infrared light Sound
Speed dependent on
the medium
Both
Transfers energy
Longitudinal wave
Transverse wave
Answer:
Electromagnetic:
Infrared light
Visible Light
Both:
Transfers energy
Transverse wave
Can be reflected
Speed dependent upon the medium they are traveling through
Mechanical:
Requires a medium
Ocean wave
Longitudinal wave
Sound
Explanation:
yeah
How is the number of valence electrons in an atom related to its tendency to gain or lose electrons during compound formation?
The number of valence electrons influences whether an atom will gain or lose electrons during compound formation, following the octet rule. Metals typically lose electrons to form cations, while nonmetals gain electrons to form anions. This behavior underpins the formation of ionic and covalent bonds.
The number of valence electrons in an atom is fundamentally related to its tendency to gain or lose electrons during compound formation, adhering to the octet rule. Atoms seek to complete their outermost electron shell, typically aiming to have eight electrons in this valence shell for stability, mirroring the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas. Metals often lose electrons to form positively charged ions (cations), while nonmetals tend to gain electrons, forming negatively charged ions (anions). This transfer and sharing of electrons give rise to different types of chemical bonds, primarily ionic and covalent, which are pivotal in the formation of compounds. The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in ionic bonding, and the sharing of electrons in covalent bonding, exemplify the underlying principles driving atoms to gain or lose electrons for compound formation.
A valid lewis structure of __________ cannot be drawn without the central atom violating the octet rule. pf5 pcl3 so3 ccl4 co2
The molecule PF₅ cannot have a Lewis structure drawn without its central atom, phosphorus, violating the octet rule since it requires phosphorus to have ten electrons in its valence shell.
The Lewis structure that cannot be drawn without violating the octet rule for its central atom is that of PF₅ (phosphorus pentafluoride). Phosphorus in PF₅ forms five covalent bonds, which results in it having ten electrons in its valence shell instead of the usual eight, thus violating the octet rule.
This phenomenon is known as an expanded valence shell, which can occur for central atoms in the third row of the periodic table and beyond that can utilize empty d orbitals for bonding. Other molecules such as PCl₃, SO₃, CCl₄, and CO₂ do not violate the octet rule in their preferred Lewis structures.
PF₅ is an example of a molecule that demonstrates the third violation of the octet rule - compounds with more than eight electrons assigned to their valence shell. These expanded valence shell molecules are formed by central atoms with access to empty d orbitals, allowing them to accommodate more than eight valence electrons. PF5, with phosphorus as the central atom, is able to hold extra electrons using its d orbitals.
need help on atoms and molecules
1-b
2-c
3-a
4-d
5-d
6-b
7-a
Consider the following equilibrium reaction having gaseous reactants and products.
4HCl + O2 ⇌ 2H2O + Cl2
Which of the following would result from increasing the volume of hydrochloric acid?
The volume of oxygen increases.
The volume of chlorine decreases.
The volume of water vapor increases.
The rate of backward reaction increases.
Answer:
The volume of water vapor increases.
Explanation:
Pressure, concentration, and temperature all affect the equilibrium position of chemical reactions in a closed system such as this one. Increasing HCl increases the pressure in the system. It favors the forward's reaction because this favors a reduced overall pressure in the system. The products have a combined 3 moles of gases while the reactants have a combined 5 moles of gases.
Answer:
The concentration of water vapor increases
Explanation:
I just got this right on the test
A researcher wants to determine if a unicellular organism he discovered is an autotroph or a heterotroph. He radioactively labels the carbon in CO2 and C6H12O6, and exposes one culture of his organism to the labeled CO2 and another culture to the labeled C6H12O6. What would happen if his organism is an autotroph?
A. Labeled carbon would be seen in the carbohydrates of organisms exposed to CO2.
B. Labeled carbon would be seen in the carbohydrates of organisms exposed to C6H12O6.
C. Labeled carbon would not be seen in the carbohydrates of either culture.
D. Labeled carbon would be seen in carbohydrates of both cultures.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Autotrophs utilize the energy from sunlight to reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrates (glucose). The energy from the sunlight is used to split water into H+ and O2- and the H+ used in the reduction process. The labeled carbon in the carbon dioxide will, therefore, be incorporated by the autotrophs in the carbohydrates made in photosynthesis.
How do volcanic eruptions effect the composition of the atmosphere?
a. Volcanic eruptions add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, but they take dust particles out of it.
b. Volcanic eruptions take greenhouse gases and dust particles out of the atmosphere.
c. Volcanic eruptions add fine dust particles to the atmosphere, but they take greenhouse gases out of it.
d. Volcanic eruptions add greenhouse gases and fine dust particles to the atmosphere.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Volcanic eruptions spew large amounts of dust particles from their surroundings into the atmosphere. Accompanying eruptions are also materials like volcanic ash and gases. These gases contribute immensely to the reserve of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Gases in volcanoes are responsible to a large extent for their explosivity when an eruption occurs. The more the gases, the more explosive a volcano can be. These gases are rich in carbon dioxide, methane, etc. A vast number of them are greenhouse gases.
Dust particles also accompany an eruption. These dust can be suspended for an extended period in the atmosphere by the wind.
the best choice is the letter D. Volcanic eruptions add green house gases and fine dust particles to the atmosphere.
i toke the quiz on gradpoint and the answer was correct
HELPPP 20 POINTS!! Contrast the properties of metals, metaloids and non-metals. Be sure to answer in your own words
Determine the percent ionization of a 0.215 m solution of benzoic acid.
Answer:
1.69%Explanation:
The percent ionization of a weak acid is the percent of the original acid that ionizes.
% ionization = [ concentration of the ion at equilibrium / original concentration of acid ] × 100You may calculate the percent ionization of an acid of known concentration, from the equilibrium constant.
So, to determine the percent ionization of a 0.215 M solution of benzoic acid, you must look for the equilibrium (dissociation or ionization) constant.
Equilibrium constants depend on temperature. So, you must know the temperature.
For this question, I will assume 25°C, for which you can find that the dissociation constant, Ka, for benzoic acid is 6.25×10⁻⁵.
With that, you follow these steps:
1. Write the ionization equation:
C₆H₅CO₂H ⇄ C₆H₅CO₂⁻ + H⁺ (simplified version)2. Calculate the concentration of the ion C₆H₅CO₂⁻ at equilibrium
ICE (initial, change, equilibrium) table:C₆H₅CO₂H ⇄ C₆H₅CO₂⁻ + H⁺
I 0.215 0 0
C - x + x + x
E 0.215 - x x x
Equilibrium expression:
Ka = x² / 0.215 - x = 6.25×10⁻⁵
Solve for x (assume 0.215 >> x)x² = 0.215 × 6.25×10⁻⁵ = 0.0000078125
x = 0.00367 M
If you do not make the assumption but solve the quadratic equation you will get x = 0.00363 M
3. Calculate the percent ionization:
With x = 0.00363 M (exact calculation)
% = [0.00363 / 0.215] × 100 = 1.69%With x = 0.00367 M
% = [0.00367 /0.215] × 100 = 1.71%The percentage ionization is equal to 1.74%
Data;
concentration of benzoic acid = 0.215MThe Equation of Reaction[tex]HC_7H_5O_2 + H_2O \to C_7H_5O_2^- + H_3O^+\\[/tex]
initial 0.215 - - -
change -x +x +x
equilibrium 0.215 - x x x
The equilibrium concentration of the acid
[tex]K_a = \frac{[C_7H_5O_2^-][H_3O^+}{[HC_7H_5O_2]}[/tex]
Let's substitute the value in this
[tex]K_a = \frac{x.x}{0.215-x}\\ K_a = \frac{x^2}{0.215-x} \\[/tex]
The Ka for benzoic acid is 6.5*10^-5
[tex]6.5*10^-^5 = \frac{x^2}{0.215 - x} \\[/tex]
since the value of Ka is very small.
0.215 - x = 0.215
[tex]x^2 = 6.5*10^-^5 * 0.215\\x = \sqrt{1.3975*10^-^5} \\x = 3.738*10^-^3[/tex]
[tex][H_3O^+] = x = 3.738*10^-^3[/tex]
The percentage ionization would be
[tex]\frac{[H_3O^+}{[HC_7H_5O_7]} * 100= \frac{3.738*10^10^-^3}{0.215} * 100 = 1.74 \%[/tex]
The percentage ionization is equal to 1.74%
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Under which conditions are gases most soluble in water?
Hi,
Gases are most soluble in water under high pressure and low pressure.
what was the initial pressure of 14.8 mL of gas at 75.5 C , when it occupied a volume of 16.5 mL at 70.2 C and 101.3 kPa?
Answer:
1038.96 kPa
Explanation:
We’ll use the ideal gas law; P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
P1*14.8/75.5 = 101.3*16.5/70.2
P1 = (101.3 * 16.5 * 75.5) / (70.2 *14.8)
P1 = 1038.96
In the forward reaction of this equilibrium, which substance acts as the Brønsted-Lowry base? H2S(aq)+CH3NH2(aq)⇋HS−(aq)+CH3NH+3(aq
H₂S donates a proton, therefore it is a Brønsted-Lowry base and CH₃NH₂ accepts a proton, so it’s a Brønsted-Lowry base.
What is Bronsted-lowry acid base concept ?In the Brønsted–Lowry definition of acids and bases, an acid is a proton (H⁺) donor, and a base is a proton acceptor.
When a Brønsted–Lowry acid loses a proton, a conjugate base is formed. Similarly, when a Brønsted–Lowry base gains a proton, a conjugate acid is formed.
Given reaction ;
H₂S(aq)+CH₃NH₂(aq)⇋HS⁻(aq)+CH₃NH⁺³(aq)
In the above reaction, H₂S donates a proton, therefore it is a Brønsted-Lowry base and CH₃NH₂ accepts a proton, so it’s a Brønsted-Lowry base.
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Which ionization process requires the most energy?
a.p(g) → p+ (g) + e-
b.p+ (g) → p2+(g) + e-
c.p2+(g) → p3+(g) + e-
d.p3+(g) → p4+(g) + e?
The ionization process that requires the most energy is process d (p3+ → p4+ + e-), as it involves the removal of an electron from an already very positively charged ion. The more positively charged an ion, the more energy is needed to remove another electron due to the increased attraction between the positively charged nucleus and the electrons.
Explanation:The process of ionization involves the removal of one or more electrons from an atom or a positive ion. Based on the increasing positive charge, the process that would require the most energy is:d. p3+(g) → p4+(g) + e-
This is due to the concept of ionic radius and effective nuclear charge. As we continue to remove electrons, the atom/ion becomes smaller in size and the positive charge on the nucleus becomes more direct on the remaining electrons which makes it harder to remove the next electron.
Therefore, the more positively charged the ion is already, the more energy is required to remove another electron due to the increased attraction of the positive charge of the nucleus for the negatively charged electrons. Thus, option d would require the most energy as it involves the transformation of a very positively charged ion (p3+) to an even more positively charged ion (p4+), by removal of an electron.
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Final answer:
Option d, [tex]p3+(g) - p4+(g) + e?[/tex] which is the process of removing an electron from a triply positive ion to form a quadriply positive ion, requires the most energy.
Explanation:
The ionization process that requires the most energy is the one in which an electron is removed from an ion already possessing a high positive charge. As we know from chemistry, the ionization energy increases for successive electrons that are removed. This is because each removed electron results in a cation that is more positively charged, thus increasing the electrostatic attraction between the remaining electrons and the nucleus and making it harder to remove another electron.
Therefore, amongst the options provided, [tex]p3+(g) - p4+(g) + e-[/tex] (option d) is the process that requires the most energy. This corresponds to the fourth ionization energy which involves removing an electron from a triply positived ion to form a quadriply positive ion. The higher positive charge on the ion makes the removal of an additional electron require more energy than the removal from ions with a lower positive charge or from a neutral atom.
A _______ is a device used to measure the absorption or release of heat in chemical and physical processes
Answer: calorimeter.
A calorimeter is a device used to measure the absorption or release of heat in chemical and physical processes.
Explanation:
The word calor means heat in latin. So, the technique or science to measure the transfered (absorbed or released) heat in a chemical or physical process is called calorimetry and the apparatus (device) used is named calorimeter.
The physical principle on which this science is based is the conservation of energy or first principle of thermodynamic.
Heat realeased by a component = heat absorbed by other component.
What does applied chemistry have to do with making ice cream?
Applied chemistry is key in making ice cream, particularly through managing the crystallization process and emulsion stability. Adjusting the mixture with substances like glucose or corn syrup helps maintain a smooth texture by preventing large ice crystals. Hydrocolloid stabilizers are used to improve emulsion stability, ensuring a creamy consistency.
Explanation:Applied chemistry plays a crucial role in making ice cream, a process filled with fascinating chemical reactions and principles. Making ice cream involves understanding the behavior of mixtures, the crystallization process, and the effects of temperature changes. Particularly, the process of crystallization is central to achieving the smooth texture of ice cream. As the ice cream mixture cools, small ice crystals form. To ensure these crystals remain small, preventing coarse texture, substances like glucose or corn syrup can be added as interferents. These substances disrupt the crystallization of water and fats, maintaining a smooth texture.
In addition to crystallization, emulsion stability is also crucial. The ice cream mix is an emulsion of fat in water, and maintaining this emulsion is key to preventing separation and ensuring a creamy consistency. Hydrocolloid stabilizers, such as locust bean gum, are often added to improve this stability. Therefore, applied chemistry in ice cream making involves manipulating the properties and interactions of ingredients to achieve the desired texture, appearance, and taste of the final product.
why do scientists study the natural world to find solutions to human problems?
5e earth holds many answers to things we don’t know about.
Scientists study the natural world to find solutions to human problems as the earth has different ecosystems which can provide various natural resources as solutions to the problems of humans.
What is an ecosystem?Ecosystem is defined as a system which consists of all living organisms and the physical components with which the living beings interact. The abiotic and biotic components are linked to each other through nutrient cycles and flow of energy.
Energy enters the system through the process of photosynthesis .Animals play an important role in transfer of energy as they feed on each other.As a result of this transfer of matter and energy takes place through the system .Living organisms also influence the quantity of biomass present.By decomposition of dead plants and animals by microbes nutrients are released back in to the soil.
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Which phrase best describes the main reason that scientists reproduce the results of other scientists?
Answer:
This is a form of peer review
Explanation:
This is used to validate the work of the other scientists and add veracity to findings or question the findings. This peer review is used to improve the quality of research in science. Peer-reviewed articles provide a trusted form of scientific communication.
Answer:
Reproducibility
Explanation:
Reproducibility or replication means that the results of scientific studies can be exactly obtained by other scientists working independently but following the same procedure as described in a previous scientific study.
Scientific research is generally expected to be utterly reproducible in all ramifications.
However, due to insufficient information regarding research methodologies,bias in reportage of research findings and poor experimental design, some scientific studies may not be readily reproducible.
Iron will react with oxygen to produce iron III oxide. How many moles of iron lll oxide will be produced if .32 mol of Fe reacts
Which salt solution could contain 42 grams of solute per 100 grams of water at 40°c?
About 234 grams .nA 2M NaCl solution contains approximately 58.5g of salt. So to make two liters of a 2M solutions you would need 117g of salt dissolved in 2 liters of water.
What element is not grouped with others in a family?What is its usual atomic structure
Noble gases is the answer, located on the far left of the periodic table; hopes this helps.