can be monitored visually by following changes in the color of the reaction mixture (Br2 is reddish brown, and H2 and HBr are colorless). A gas mixture is prepared at 700 K, in which 0.40 atm is the initial partial pressure of both H2 and Br2 and 0.90 atm is the initial partial pressure of HBr. The color of this mixture then fades as the reaction progresses toward equilibrium. Give a condition that must be satis- fied by the equilibrium constant K

Alcohol is a depressant drug that affects your coordination, judgment, perception, and emotional state.

A depressant drug is a type of psychoactive substance that slows down the activity of the central nervous system (CNS). It typically reduces brain function, resulting in a decrease in arousal, relaxation of muscles, and a sense of calmness.

Depressants can have various effects on the body and mind, including sedation, drowsiness, and reduced anxiety, and in higher doses, they can even induce sleep or unconsciousness. Alcohol is a common example of a depressant drug. Other examples include prescription medications like benzodiazepines (e.g., Valium, Xanax), barbiturates, and certain sleep aids.

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Alcohol is a depressant drug, having the ability to affect coordination, judgment, perception, and emotional state by slowing down the central nervous system.

Alcohol is a depressant drug that affects numerous systems in the body, including those that control coordination, judgment, perception, and emotional state. Alcohol's effects manifest in ways such as reduced motor control, impaired decision-making abilities, distorted sensory function, and variable mood changes. Alcohol, as a depressant, slows the central nervous system and alters a person’s perception, emotions, movement, vision, and hearing.

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Answer: The given statement is true.

Explanation:

Chemical bonds are defined as the bonds formed due to interaction of electrons of two same or different atoms. Basically, these electrons are physically attracted towards each other because of which either sharing or transfer of electrons tend to take place.

For example, Cl has 7 valence electrons and sodium has 1 valence electron. In order to gain stability when both sodium and chlorine will come closer then Cl will attract one electron from sodium leading to the formation of a new compound NaCl.

Thus, we can conclude that the statement chemical bonds are physical attractions between atoms resulting from the interaction of their electrons, is true.

Answer: D

Explanation:

3Fe^3+ + Al ---> 3Fe^2+ + Al^3+

Total charge of reactants = 3 x +3 = +9

Total charge of products = (3 x +2) + (+3) = +9

Answer:

D

Explanation:

The AI generated answer is incorrect this update is very bad... The total charge of the reactants for option D is +9 because Al is by itself, meaning it has a charge of 0. (The AI said the total charge of the reactants was +10 which is wrong)

Answer:

24e⁻ are transferred by the reaction of respiration.

Explanation:

C₆H₁₂O₆   +  6O₂   →   6 H₂O   +  6CO₂

This is the reaction for the respiration process.

In this redox, oxygen acts with 0 in the oxidation state on the reactant side, and -2 in the product side -  REDUCTION

Carbon acts with 0 in the glucose (cause it is neutral), on the reactant side and it has +4, on the product side - OXIDATION

6C →  6C⁴⁺  +  24e⁻

In reactant side we have a neutral carbon, so as in the product side we have a carbon with +4, it had to lose 4e⁻ to get oxidized, but we have 6 carbons, so finally carbon has lost 24 e⁻

6O⁻² +  6O₂  + 24e⁻  →  6O₂²⁻  +  6O⁻²

In reactant side, we have 6 oxygen from the glucose (oxidation state of -2) and the diatomic molecule, with no charge (ground state), so in the product side, we have the oxygen from the dioxide with -2 and the oxygen from the water, also with -2 at the oxidation state. Finally the global charge for the product side is -36, and in reactant side is -12, so it has to win 24 e⁻ (those that were released by the C) to be reduced.

Answer:

D. Temperature

Explanation:

Viscosity can be defined as the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow by determing the fluid strain rate produced by a given applied shear stress. Viscosity occurs in liquid by the advent of cohesive forces between the molecules of liquid and also in collision between molecules of gas.

In a Viscosity lab, Temperature change affects the test of viscosity. This is because an increase in temperature leads to increase in rates of  molecules  interchanging, thus molecules moves faster with higher temperatures.

The aftermath effect of temperature on viscous liquid is to reduce the cohesive force while simultaneously increasing the rate of molecular interchange.  Also,according to the kinetic theory of gases, viscosity is  proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature.practically, it increases more rapidly.

Answer:

D. Temperature

Explanation:

Viscosity is defined as the resistance of molecular layers to adjacent layers in a fluid. It is also defined as the resistance to overall flow of the fluid.

The viscosity of fluids, depends upon the temperature. It increases with decrease in temperature, due to increase in inter-molecular forces and hence, the resistive force, as well. And for the same reason viscosity decrease with increase in temperature.

Thus, we change Temperature to test viscosity, in viscosity lab.

Answer:

2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ↔ 2SO₃(g)     Kc = 15M⁻¹

The sets are:

(A) (SO₂)=0.16M; (O₂)=0.20M; (SO₃)=0.50M

(B) (SO₂)=0.20M; (O₂)=0.60M; (SO₃)=0.60M

(C) (SO₂)=0.50M; (O₂)=0.60M; (SO₃)=0.15M

The reaction quotient is

Q = [tex]\frac{[SO_{3}]^2}{[SO_{2}]^{2}*[O_{2}] }[/tex]

Now we calculate Q for each of the sets:

(A) Q = 0.50² / (0.16²*0.20) = 48.8

Q > Kc. So the reaction will proceed towards the left.

(B) Q = 0.60² / (0.20²*0.60) = 15

Q = Kc. So the reaction is at equilibrium.

(C) Q = 0.15² / (0.50²*0.60) = 0.15

Q < Kc. So the reaction will proceed towards the right.

Answer:

Option a → 4 mol NH₃

Explanation:

This the unbalanced reaction

NH₃  +  O₂  ⟶  N₂  +  H₂O

The balanced reaction:

4NH₃  +  3O₂  →  2N₂  +  6H₂O

4 mol of ammonia

3 mol of oxygen

2 mol of nitrogen

6 mol of water

The balanced equation will be "[tex]4NH_3 + 3O_2 \rightarrow 2N_2 + 6H_2O[/tex]". A complete explanation is below.

(a) 4 mol NH₃:

(b) 4 mol N₂:

(c) 4.5 mol O₂:

Thus the above equation is correct.

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Answer: water and other small molecules

Explanation: the walls of the glomerulus is semipermeable permitting only the passage of water and other small molecules like, mineral salts, amino acids, glucose, urea. Large molecules like plasma protein, Platelets does not pass through the membrane.

Hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus causes water, ions, glucose, amino acids, urea, and other small molecules to move into the nephron tubule by filtering blood plasma through large pores in capillary walls in the kidney.

The substances moved from the glomerulus into the tubule due to hydrostatic pressure include water, ions, glucose, amino acids, urea, and other small molecules. The glomerular filtration is a process that occurs when glomerular hydrostatic pressure exceeds the luminal hydrostatic pressure of Bowman's capsule, overcoming the opposing osmotic pressure of the glomerular capillary to allow these substances to pass into the nephron tubule. Hydrostatic pressure is the driving force that filters the blood plasma through large-pored capillaries of the glomerulus, facilitated by the high blood pressure and flow through these capillaries.

Answer:

The mass percent of aluminum sulfate in the sample is 16.18%.

Explanation:

Mass of the sample = 1.45 g

[tex]Al_2SO_3+6NaOH\rightarrow 2Al(OH)_3+3Na_2SO_4[/tex]

Mass of the precipitate = 0.107 g

Moles of aluminum hydroxide = [tex]\frac{0.107 g}{78 g/mol}=0.001372 mol[/tex]

According to reaction, 2 moles of aluminum hydroxide is obtained from 1 mole of aluminum sulfate .

Then 0.001372 moles of aluminum hydroxide will be obtained from:

[tex]\frac{1}{2}\times 0.001372 mol=0.000686 mol[/tex]

Mass of 0.000686 moles of aluminum sulfate :

= 0.000686 mol × 342 g/mol = 0.2346 g

The mass percent of aluminum sulfate in the sample:

[tex]=\frac{ 0.2346 g}{1.45g}\times 100=16.18\%[/tex]

The mass percent of Al2(SO4)3 in the sample is approximately 16.14%. This was determined by calculating the number of moles of Al(OH)3 in the precipitate, inferring the number of moles of Al2(SO4)3 in the original sample, and then calculating the mass percent using these values.

To calculate the mass percent of Al2(SO4)3 in the sample, the first step is to calculate the molar mass of Al(OH)3 and Al2(SO4)3. The molar mass of Al(OH)3 is approximately 78 g/mol and that of Al2(SO4)3 is about 342 g/mol. Now, let's calculate the number of moles of Al(OH)3 in the precipitate using the formula: moles = mass of substance/molar mass. this results in 0.107 g/78 g/mol = 0.00137 mol.

In the chemical reaction of Al2(SO4)3 with NaOH, each mole of Al2(SO4)3 produces 2 moles of Al(OH)3. Thus, the number of moles of Al2(SO4)3 in the original sample is 0.00137 mol/2 = 0.000685 mol. Now, convert this mole value into mass using the equation: mass of substance = moles * molar mass. this results in 0.000685 mol * 342 g/mol = 0.234 g.

Finally, calculate the mass percent of Al2(SO4)3 in the original sample using the formula: mass percent = (mass of component / total mass)*100%. This results in: (0.234 g / 1.45 g) * 100% = 16.14%. Therefore, the mass percent of Al2(SO4)3 in the sample is approximately 16.14%.

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Answer:

The valence electrons of sulphur are 3s2 3p4

Explanation:

The one set if quantum numbers for the 3s electrons

n=3, l=0, m=0, ms=±1/2

One set of quantum numbers for the valence electrons in 3p sublevel

n=3, l=1, m=-1,0,1, ms=±1/2

Answer:

[tex]K_2TeO_3[/tex]

Explanation:

Given that:-

Moles of K = 1.10 moles

Moles of Te = 0.55 moles

Moles of O = 1.65 moles

Taking the simplest ratio of the moles of the elements as:-

   K : Te : O

1.10 : 0.55 : 1.65  

   2 :     1   : 3

Empirical formulas is the simplest or reduced ratio of the elements in the compound. So, the empirical formula is:- [tex]K_2TeO_3[/tex]

The simplest formula of a compound that contains 1.10 mol of K, 0.55 mol of Te, and 1.65 mol of O is K2TeO3.

The question asks for the simplest formula of a compound that contains 1.10 mol of K, 0.55 mol of Te, and 1.65 mol of O. To find this formula, you need to determine the ratio of the moles of each element in order to use the simplest whole numbers. This is done by dividing the number of moles of each element by the smallest number of moles, 0.55 mol of Te in this case.

So, you have:

Therefore, the simplest formula for the compound is K2TeO3.

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Answer:

There reacts 7.35 grams of H2O

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Mass of aluminium hydroxide = 10.6 grams

Step 2: The balanced equation

Al2S3(s) + 6H2O(l) → 2Al(OH)3(s) + 3H2S(g)

Step 3: Calculate number of moles Al(OH)3

Moles Al(OH)3 = mass Al(OH)3 / molar mass Al(OH)3

Moles Al(OH)3 = 10.6 grams / 78.00 g/mol

Moles Al(OH)3 = 0.136 moles

Step 4: Calculate moles of H2O

For 1 mol of Al2S3 we need 6 moles of H2O to produce 2 moles of Al(OH)3 and 3 moles of H2S

For 0.136 moles of Al(OH)3 we need 3*0.136 = 0.408 moles of H2O

Step 5: Calculate mass of H2O

Mass H2O = moles H2O * molar mass of H2O

Mass H2O = 0.408 * 18.02 = 7.35 grams

There reacts 7.35 grams of H2O

Answer: Lightning and a fluorescent light bulb items contain plasma.

Explanation:

Plasma is defined as a state of matter which contains hot ionized gas having positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons.

For example, lightening and a fluorescent light bulb has plasma as the state of matter.

On the other hand, gelatin is a solid at room temperature as its molecules are closely packed to each other forming a fixed shape with fixed volume.

Lava is a molten rock which is actually present in liquid state.

Therefore, we can conclude that out of the given options both lightning and a fluorescent light bulb items contain plasma.

Answer: lightning

Explanation:

Answer:

(a) 1.77*10^15 Xe atoms

(b) 2.10*10^16 Ne atoms

(c) 2.10*10^16 He atoms

Explanation:

Total V = 0.900 mm * 0.300mm * 10.0mm

Total V = 2.7mm cubed

Converting cubed to litres:

2.7mm cubed = 2.7 * 10^-6 Liters

Converting pressure from torr to atm,

(500 torr) * (1 atm ÷ 760 torr) = 0.6578947368 atm

Room temperature is assumed to be 21 degrees celcius, or 294.15 Kelvin

Applying Ideal Gas Equation:

PV = nRT

Therefore, n = PV ÷ RT,

n = [(2.7*10^-6 Liters)(.6578947368 atm)] ÷ [(0.08206)(294.15)]

n = 7.359017079 * 10^-8

Therefore, the total moles present in plasma is 7.359017079 * 10^-8.

(a) To find Xe atoms,

Multiply the total moles present by 4 percent. Therefore,

(7.359017079 * 10^-8)(.04) = 2.943606832*10^-9,

this value gives you Xe moles.

Then multiply by Avogadro's constant:

[(2.943606832*10^-9)(6.022*10^23)] = 1.77*10^15 Xe atoms

(b) and (c) are the same.

Using the total moles number we found in the beginning and minus the number of moles for Xe.

We have:

7.359017079 * 10^-8 - 2.943606832*10^-9 = 7.064656396*10^-8

And Since Ne and He are in a 1:1 ratio, divide this number by two.

We have:

7.064656396*10^-8 ÷ 2 = 3.532328198*10-8 moles

By multiplying this number by Avogadro's number we get atoms:

[(3.532328198*10-8 moles)(6.022*10^23)] = 2.10*10^16

Therefore, the answer for both (b) and (c) is 2.10*10^16.

Using the Ideal Gas Law and Avogadro's Law, along with the given pressure and compositional information, we can calculate the total number of Xenon, Neon, and Helium atoms in the given plasma cell.

This question is asking for the calculation of the number of Xenon (Xe), Neon (Ne), and Helium (He) atoms within a plasma cell. Starting from the total pressure of the gas mixture,  the Ideal Gas Law, which is PV = nRT (where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature), can be used to calculate the total moles of the gas mixture.

Here we assume standard ambient temperature, which is usually 298K. From that, we can calculate the total number of atoms in the cell using Avogadro’s Law, 1 mole = 6.022*10^23 atoms. Using the given percentage of Xe, and the 1:1 Ne:He ratio, we can determine the number of each atom respectively.

It's worth noting that factors like temperature and density indeed play a significant role in the behavior of gases and the calculation of moles and atoms. However, in this simplified scenario, these factors are either given or assumed to be standard.  

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Answer:

The value of the given expression in  correct number of significant figures:

[tex](2.08\times 10^3)\times (3.11\times 10^2)[/tex]

= [/tex]6.47\times 10^5[/tex]

Explanation:

The rule apply for the multiplication and division is :

The least number of significant figures in any number of the problem determines the number of significant figures in the answer.

The rule apply for the addition and subtraction is :

The least precise number present after the decimal point determines the number of significant figures in the answer.

We have :

[tex](2.08\times 10^3)\times (3.11\times 10^2)[/tex]

[tex]=2.08\times 3.11\times 10^{3+2}[/tex]

[tex]=6.4688\times 10^5\approx 6.47\times 10^5[/tex]

Answer:

True

Explanation:

True

As we know that quality of floodwater is highly poor therefore it is the utmost duty of everyone suffered from flood to clear all the container before use because it is needed to kill all bacteria that grow inside the container due to contact with floodwater. It may be have very high chances that the flood water may have contact with drainage water  or sewage, therefore it is compulsion now to clan all container with dilute chlorine bleach

Answer:

The answer to your question is 8.75 x 10 ²⁵ atoms of Magnesium

Explanation:

Data

Atomic mass of Magnesium = 24.31 g

Atoms of magnesium = 3.60 x 10²⁴

Process

Solve this porblem using a rule of three

           1 atom of Magnesium ---------------  24.31 g

           3.60 x 10²⁴                  ----------------    x

           x = (3.60 x 10²⁴ x 24.31) / 1

           x = 8.75 x 10 ²⁵ atoms

The mass of [tex]3.60 \times 10^{24[/tex] atoms of magnesium is approximately [tex]\( \mathbf{145.33 \, \text{grams}} \).[/tex]

To find the mass of [tex]3.60 \times 10^{24}[/tex] atoms of magnesium, follow these steps:

1. Determine the molar mass of magnesium ([tex]Mg[/tex]):

The atomic mass of magnesium ([tex]Mg[/tex]) is approximately [tex]24.305\ grams \ per \ mole\ (g/mol[/tex]).

2. Convert the number of atoms to moles:

Given the number of atoms [tex](3.60 \times 10^{24}\ atoms)[/tex], we need to convert this to moles using Avogadro's number, [tex]\( N_A = 6.022 \times 10^{23} \)[/tex]atoms/mol.

[tex]\[ \text{Number of moles} = \frac{\text{Number of atoms}}{N_A} = \frac{3.60 \times 10^{24}}{6.022 \times 10^{23}} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \text{Number of moles} = 5.98 \text{ moles} \][/tex]

3. Calculate the mass:

Now, multiply the number of moles by the molar mass of magnesium to find the mass in grams.

[tex]\[ \text{Mass} = \text{Number of moles} \times \text{Molar mass of Mg} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \text{Mass} = 5.98 \, \text{mol} \times 24.305 \, \text{g/mol} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \text{Mass} = 145.33 \, \text{g} \][/tex]

Explanation:

Ionic crystals

1. They are formed by electrostatic attraction between the cation and anion.

2. Naturally solid and brittle in nature.

3.Generally good conductors of electricity in moltane state and  have high melting and boiling points.

Example: NH4Cl is an inonic compound with NH4^+ being cation and Cl- being anion.

Molecular Solid

1. These are formed by sharing of electrons pair between the atoms. A shared pair of e- is  called a covalent bond.

2. Usually not a good conductor of electricity even in melted state.

3. They mostly liquids and gases only a few are solids.

examples , CO, CO2 , H2CO3 , etc.

Molecular crystals consist of molecules held by weak intermolecular forces, leading to low melting points and poor conductivity, as seen in dry ice. Ionic crystals are composed of ions arranged in a lattice, held by strong ionic bonds, contributing to high melting points and electrical conductivity when molten, as exemplified by table salt.

The differences between molecular and ionic crystals are based on their atomic and molecular arrangements, the types of bonds between them, and their physical properties. Molecular crystals are composed of molecules held together by weak intermolecular forces, such as dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds. These forces are much weaker than the ionic or covalent bonds found in other types of crystals. As a result, molecular crystals generally have low melting and boiling points and are poor conductors of electricity. An example of a molecular crystal is dry ice (solid carbon dioxide).

In contrast, ionic crystals consist of a lattice of alternating positive and negative ions, held together by strong electrostatic forces known as ionic bonds. These crystals often have high melting and boiling points and typically conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water. A common example of an ionic crystal is table salt (sodium chloride).

Answer:

C.

Explanation:

C.   Glucose is stored in the liver as glycogen.

Both A. Starch and glycogen have the most similar functions among the given carbohydrates.

The two carbohydrates that have the most similar function are starch and glycogen. Both starch and glycogen are storage forms of glucose in plants and animals, respectively. They serve as a source of energy and are broken down into glucose when needed. Starch is found in plants, while glycogen is found in animals, but they both share the function of storing energy.

Thus, starch and glycogen serve similar functions as energy-storage molecules in living organisms. Both are polysaccharides composed of glucose units linked together. Plants store energy as starch, primarily in roots and seeds, while animals store energy as glycogen in the liver and muscles. These carbohydrates can be broken down to release glucose for energy when needed.

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Answer:

[tex]\large \boxed{\text{2.5 L}}[/tex]

Explanation:

1. Calculate the moles of NaOH.

[tex]\text{Moles} = \text{20 g} \times \dfrac{\text{1 mol}}{\text{40 g}} = \text{0.50 mol}[/tex]

2. Calculate the volume of NaOH

[tex]\begin{array}{rcl}\\\text{Molar concentration} &= &\dfrac{\text{moles}}{\text{litres}}\\\\ n &= &\dfrac{c}{V}\\\\\dfrac{\text{0.2 mol}}{\text{1 L}} &=& \dfrac{\text{0.50 mol}}{V}\\\\ \dfrac{0.2V}{\text{1 L}} & = & 0.50\\\\0.2V &= & \text{0.50 L}\\V & = & \dfrac{\text{0.50 L}}{0.2}\\\\& = & \textbf{2.5 L}\\\end{array}\\\text{The volume of the solution is $\large \boxed{\textbf{2.5 L}}$}[/tex]

Answer:

The 0.2M NaOH solution has a volume of 2.5 L

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Molarity of a NaOH solution = 0.2 M

Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g/mol

Mass of NaOH = 20.00 grams

Step 2: Calculate moles of NaOH

Moles = mass / molar mass

Moles NaOH = 20.00 grams / 40 g/mol

Moles NaOH = 0.50 moles

Step 3: Calculate volume

Molarity = moles / volume

Volume of solution = moles of NaOH / Molarity

Volume of solution = 0.50 moles / 0.2 M

Volume of solution = 2.5 L

The 0.2M NaOH solution has a volume of 2.5 L

Answer:

The temperature will be 137 K for the gas pressure to remain constant

Explanation:

If the gas pressure keeps on constant, volume of the gas will be modified according to temperature.

V1 / T1 = V2 / T2

4L / 274K = 2L / T2

(4L / 274K) . T2  = 2L

T2 = 2L . (274K / 4L)

T2 = 137K

Answer:

D. A and B

Explanation

as frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength. formula for calculating wavelength is  

wavelength = wave velocity/frequency.

as wavelength is inversely proportional so increase in wavelength will cause decrease in frequency and vice versa . so A and B are the right answer.

Answer:

A and B

Explanation:

For an electromagnetic wave, the relationship between frequency and wavelength is given by:

[tex]\lambda\times\nu=c[/tex]

where [tex]\lambda[/tex] is wavelength

           [tex]\nu[/tex] is frequency

           and c is speed of light.

From the formula we can say that frequency is inversely proportional to the wavelength as speed of light is a constant.

Hence

Answer: the most hazardous condition onboard a vessel is not having enough life jackets.

Explanation: a life jacket is a piece of equipment designed to assist a wearer to keep afloat in water in the event of an emergency and are considered life-saving equipment.

The mass fraction of argon is calculated by dividing the mass of argon by the total mass of the mixture. The question does not provide specific masses, but the process would involve using provided mass data to calculate the fraction.

The question concerns the determination of the mass fraction of argon in a mixture of hydrogen, helium, and argon. To calculate the mass fraction, you need to know the mass of argon in the mixture in relation to the total mass of the mixture. Unfortunately, the mass of argon and the total mass are not provided in the given information. However, if such data were available, the mass fraction of argon would be calculated by taking the mass of argon and dividing it by the total mass of the gas mixture. Remember, the mass fraction is often expressed as a percentage.

For instance, if a sample of this gas mixture weighed 10.0 grams in total and was found to contain 3.0 grams of argon, then the mass fraction of argon would be the mass of argon (3.0 g) divided by the total mass (10.0 g), resulting in a mass fraction of 3.0/10.0 or 30% for argon.

There are 7 periods and 18 groups in a periodic table thus the statement that   rewords the false statement so it is true is b.

Periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements in the form of a table. In the periodic table, elements are arranged according to the modern periodic law which states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.

It is called as periodic because properties repeat after regular intervals of atomic numbers . It is a tabular arrangement consisting of seven horizontal rows called periods and eighteen vertical columns called groups.

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Answer:

C6H6

Explanation:

We can obtain the molecular formula from the empirical formula.

What we need do here is:

(CH)n = 78

The n shows the multiples of both element present in the actual compound. It can be seen that carbon and hydrogen have the same element ratio here. We then use the atomic masses of both elements to get the value of n. The atomic mass of carbon is 12 a.m.u while the atomic mass of hydrogen is 1 a.m.u

(1 + 12)n = 78

13n = 78

n = 78/13 = 6

The molecular formula is

(CH)n = (CH)6 = C6H6

Answer: Any of these can be used: sulphur, sulphate, fumarate or nitrate

Explanation:

Final answer:

In anaerobic respiration, various oxidized compounds like nitrate, ferric iron, sulfate, carbonate, and fumarate can act as final electron acceptors.

Explanation:

The compounds that can serve as final electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration include various oxidized inorganic and organic molecules. Notable ones are nitrate, ferric iron, sulfate, and carbonate. Certain organic compounds such as fumarate can also act as electron acceptors.

Anaerobic cellular respiration enables all the organisms to generate energy in environments lacking oxygen. The amount of ATP produced through this process is less than in aerobic respiration since oxygen is the most efficient electron acceptor. The final electron acceptor used influences the total ATP yield.

The citric acid cycle, part of cellular respiration, introduces two carbon atoms per cycle that eventually become carbon dioxide. Considering a glucose molecule with six carbon atoms, it takes three turns of the cycle for all atoms to become carbon dioxide. However, not all exhaled carbon dioxide by animals is from the citric acid cycle, as a large fraction is formed from bicarbonate in the blood.

The citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) is a key component of cellular respiration, the process by which cells generate energy. At each turn of the cycle, two carbon atoms enter as part of an acetyl group. These two carbon atoms will eventually be released as carbon dioxide. However, this does not occur immediately on that cycle's turn, but on later turns. Therefore, for each glucose molecule, which consists of six carbon atoms, it takes three turns of the citric acid cycle to fully incorporate all carbon atoms into carbon dioxide.

Now, considering all the carbon dioxide exhaled by an animal, a large fraction (about 70 percent) is formed as bicarbonate in the blood, transported to the lungs, and then converted back to carbon dioxide to be exhaled. This implies that the reactions of the citric acid cycle generate a significant amount of the exhaled carbon dioxide, although not all of it.

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The citric acid cycle is a crucial part of cellular respiration that generates a significant portion of the carbon dioxide exhaled by animals, with two carbon dioxide molecules released per acetyl-CoA oxidized.

The fraction of carbon dioxide exhaled by animals that is produced by the citric acid cycle is significant, as this cycle is a key component of cellular respiration. During the citric acid cycle, which takes place in the mitochondria, acetyl-CoA is oxidized, producing electron carriers that later contribute to ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation. Importantly, two molecules of carbon dioxide are released for each acetyl-CoA molecule that enters the cycle. Since glucose is broken down into two molecules of acetyl-CoA, this means four molecules of carbon dioxide are produced from one molecule of glucose during the citric acid cycle.

Moreover, animals rely heavily on both carbohydrates and lipids for energy, which are oxidized to produce carbon dioxide and water. Therefore, the citric acid cycle plays a fundamental role in the carbon dioxide that animals exhale. It is difficult to specify the exact fraction without considering carbon dioxide production from other metabolic pathways, but it is understood to be a substantial portion considering the overall metabolic process.

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The average kinetic energy of gas molecules increases with increasing temperature. There are gas molecules that move faster than the average.

Out of the given statements, the following are true:

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Explanation:

Formula for the prediction of sponteneity of a reaction is as follows:

[tex]\Delta G=\Delta H - T\Delta S[/tex]

Where,

ΔG = Change in free energy

ΔH = Change in enthalpy

ΔS = Change in entropy

T = Temperature

If,

ΔG = -ve, then the reaction will be spontaneous

ΔG = 0, then the reaction will be in equilibrium

ΔG = +ve, then the reaction will be non-spontaneous