Can y’all help me solve these three questions on my review packet?

Answer:

Explanation:

The temperature of a substance is the measure of the average kinetic energy of its partilces.

The temperature, i.e. how hot or cold is a substance, is the result of the collisions of the particles (atoms or molecules) of matter.

The kinetic theory of gases states that, if the temperature is the same, the average kinetic energy of any gas is the same, regardless the gas and other conditions.

This equation expresses it:

Where Avg KE is the average kinetic energy, R is the universal constant of gases, N is Avogadro's constnat, and T is the temperature measure in absolute scale (Kelvin).

As you see, in that equation Avg KE is propotional to T, which means that as the temperature is increased, the average kinetic energy increases.

As the temperature of a sample of matter is increased, the average kinetic energy of the particles also increases. This is because higher temperatures result in more extensive vibrations of particles in solids and faster translations of particles in liquids and gases. The distribution of kinetic energies also becomes broader at higher temperatures, indicating an increase in entropy.

According to kinetic-molecular theory, the temperature of a substance is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its particles. Raising the temperature of a substance will result in more extensive vibrations of the particles in solids and more rapid translations of the particles in liquids and gases.

At higher temperatures, the distribution of kinetic energies among the atoms or molecules of the substance is also broader (more dispersed) than at lower temperatures. Thus, the entropy of any substance increases with temperature.

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Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{14}}[/tex]

Explanation:

If l = 3, the electrons are in an f subshell.

The number of orbitals with a quantum number l is 2l + 1, so there

are 2×3 + 1 = 7 f orbitals.

Each orbital can hold two electrons, so the f subshell can hold 14 electrons.

[tex]\boxed{\textbf{14 electrons}} \text{ can share the quantum numbers n = 4 and l = 3.}[/tex]

Here we want to find the number of electrons that an atom can have for some given quantum numbers.

We will see that this atom can hold 14 electrons.

Now let's see how to get that answer:

We know that for an atom with quantum numbers n and l, the orbitals can take the values from -l to l, so we will have 2*l + 1 orbitals.

And in each one of these orbitals, we can hold a maximum of two electrons (one for each spin, remember that these are fermions, thus we can't have two of them in the same state, so we can't have two electrons in the same orbital with the same spin, this is why each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons).

Then the number of electrons that an atom with quantum numbers n and n can hold is:

2*(2*l + 1).

Now we have.

n = 4

l = 3

Then the number of electrons that this atom can hold is:

e = 2*(2*3 + 1) = 2*7 = 14

This atom can hold 14 electrons.

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Answer:

D) The equilibrium will shift to the right and more precipitate will be formed.

Explanation:

BaCl₂(aq) + Na₂SO₄(aq) ⇄ 2NaCl(aq) + BaSO₄(s)↓,

Adding more BaCl₂ to the system:

will increase the concentration of BaCl₂ (reactants), so the equilibrium will be shifted to the right side (products side) to suppress the effect of increasing the BaCl₂.

D) The equilibrium will shift to the right and more precipitate will be formed.

Answer:

So, for 1 I am most certain it has to be Organized so C. And for 2 that would be true if my brain isn't failing me- I hope this helps!

Explanation:

Answer: 1. Organized

2. True

Explanation:

1. An organized crime can be define as the crime which is committed by planning. In this crime generally the group of criminals or criminal uses same modus operandi (habit, planning, rule to commit crime).

The given example of crimes is the organized crime. This is because a sophisticated crime ring was found associated with many robberies. Hence, this can be said that similar modus-operandi is involved.

2. The profilers are those who are occupational criminals. They are trained with the fact that psychological disorders so as to defend themselves when they are caught red handed while committing crimes. They pose an evidence of their unstable or unsound mind.

Answer:

B)  1,370 kJ.

Explanation:

2C₃H₇OH(l) + 9O₂(g) → 8H₂O(g) + 6CO₂(g) , ΔH = - 1,830 kJ/mol.

n = mass/molar mass = (45.0 g)/(60.096 g/mol) = 0.7488 mol.

1.0 mol of isopropanol releases → 1,830 kJ.

∴ 0.7488 mol of isopropanol releases → ??? kJ.

∴ The enthalpy of combustion for 45.0g of isopropanol = (0.7488 mol)(1830 kJ)/(1.0 mol) = 1370 kJ.

So, the right choice: B)  1,370 kJ.

The enthalpy of combustion for 45.0 g of isopropanol is calculated to be 1,370 kJ by determining the number of moles and multiplying by the enthalpy of combustion per mole.So,option B is correct.

The enthalpy of combustion for 45.0 g of isopropanol, given that the combustion of isopropanol releases 1,830 kJ/mol and its molecular weight is 60.096 g/mol.

To find the enthalpy of combustion for 45.0 g of isopropanol, we should first determine the number of moles present in 45.0 g of isopropanol. This is done by dividing the mass of isopropanol by its molar mass:

Number of moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol) = 45.0 g / 60.096 g/mol = 0.749 moles

Since the enthalpy of combustion of isopropanol is given per mole, we multiply the number of moles by the enthalpy of combustion:

Enthalpy of combustion = number of moles times enthalpy per mole = 0.749 moles times 1,830 kJ/mol

Therefore, the enthalpy of combustion for 45.0 g of isopropanol is:

(0.749 moles) times (1,830 kJ/mol) = 1,370 kJ

So, the correct answer is B) 1,370 kJ.

Hi there,

Your answer is in the image attached above

A= 56

B= 27

c= 12

D= 8

E= 3

F= 3

G= 1

H= 1

is what the edg. example shows but any answers are accepted!!

Some tips to follow when doing lab practicals are:

This refers to the systematic research that is done in a scientific process in a controlled environment to test or prove a hypothesis.

Hence, we can see that your question is incomplete because it does not show the radioactive atoms and their data from the given lab work, hence a general overview is given for better understanding.

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Answer:

126.63 g.

Explanation:

no. of moles (n) = mass/molar mass

no. of moles MgCl₂= 1.33 mol & molar mass of MgCl₂ = 95.211 g/mol.

∴ mass = no. of moles * molar mass = (1.33 mol)*(95.211 g/mol) = 126.63 g.

Answer:

An isolated system, because neither heat nor matter is entering or leaving the container.

Explanation:

In a closed system there is no exchange of heat but matter is exchanged. In an isolated system there is no exchange of heat or matter. Here the temperature of water remains constant at 310 K, which means that no heat is exchanged. Also there is no decreases in volume of water the calorimeter after 2 hours, which means that no matter was lost either. Therefore this is an isolated system.

A chemical symbol represents the shorthand of an element. It is a one- or two-letter abbreviation that is used to represent an element in chemical formulas and equations.

The first letter of the symbol is always capitalized, and the second letter is lowercase, if there is a second letter. For example, the chemical symbol for hydrogen is H, the chemical symbol for oxygen is O, and the chemical symbol for carbon is C.

Chemical symbols are derived from the Latin names of the elements. For example, the chemical symbol for hydrogen is derived from the Latin word "hydrogenium," which means "water-former."

Chemical symbols are an important part of chemistry because they allow chemists to communicate with each other easily. They also help to simplify chemical formulas and equations, making them easier to understand.

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A chemical symbol is a one- or two-letter designation that represents an element's name, used for single atoms or larger quantities.

A chemical symbol represents the name of an element. It is a one- or two-letter abbreviation that signifies a single atom of an element (microscopic domain) or a collection of atoms within a sample of that element (macroscopic domain). For instance, the chemical symbol for mercury is 'Hg'. Many chemical symbols are derived from their English names, with the initial letter capitalized and any subsequent letter in lower case. For example, 'O' represents oxygen, 'Zn' represents zinc, and 'Fe' represents iron. Certain elements, particularly those known since ancient times, retain symbols based on their Latin names. Chemical symbols are also used to create chemical formulas that show the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule of a compound.

Filtration will not work because sugar dissolves in water. Instead, you’ll need to boil the water into steam to isolate the sugar

Filtration is a method that is used to separate insoluble solids from a liquid. Since salt and sugar both dissolve in water, filtration cannot be used to separate the two. When sugar is mixed with water it creates a homogeneous solution, meaning you can't see the individual particles, unlike when you mix sand with water. The sugar water is a solution because no chemical reaction occurs, but to separate it you need to create a chemical reaction by distilling the liquid.

Answer:

T₂(°C) = 200 K = - 73°C.

Explanation:

where, P is the pressure of the gas in atm.

V is the volume of the gas in L.

n is the no. of moles of the gas in mol.

R  is the general gas constant,

T is the temperature of the gas in K.

(P₁V₁T₂) = (P₂V₂T₁)

P₁ = 5.0 atm, V₁ = 5.0 L, T₁ = -23°C + 273 = 250 K,

P₂ = 2.0 atm, V₂ = 10.0 L, T₂ = ??? K,

(P₁V₁T₂) = (P₂V₂T₁)

∴ T₂ = (P₂V₂T₁)/(P₁V₁) = (2.0 atm)(10.0 L)(250 K)/(5.0 atm)(5.0 L) = 200 K.

∴ T₂(°C) = 200 K - 273 = - 73°C.

The temperature at which the same number of moles of acetylene gas will produce a pressure of 2 atm in a 10-liter container is approximately -73.15°C.

Based on the given data, initially, the acetylene gas is stored at -23°C (which is 250.15 K), in a 5-liter container, exerting a pressure of 5 atm.

Step-by-Step Solution:

1. Using the combined gas laws, the formula is:

2. Substitute the known values into the formula:

3. Simplify and solve for T₂:

4. Convert the temperature back to Celsius:

Answer:

When the substance is cooled, its temperature will fall below 78 °C after 100% of the vapor has changed to liquid.

Explanation:

The accurate statement is that the temperature of a substance with a boiling point of 78 0C will fall below this temperature once all the vapor has condensed into liquid, as the phase change maintains the boiling point until the transition is complete.

The statement about a substance with a boiling point of 78 0C that is true is: When the substance is cooled, its temperature will fall below 78 0C after 100% of the vapor has changed to liquid. At the boiling point, a substance undergoes a phase change from liquid to vapor, and it remains at this temperature until the liquid has fully transitioned into vapor. Therefore, the temperature won't rise above the boiling point until all the liquid has become vapor. Conversely, when cooling, the temperature will not drop below the boiling point until all vapor has condensed back to liquid.

This is due to the energy being used to facilitate the change of state rather than altering temperature. Similarly, when a substance is melting or freezing, the temperature remains constant at the melting point until the transition between solid and liquid is complete.

Answer:

Explanation:

There are two kind of nuclear ractions: fusion and fission reactions.

Both release a huge amount of energy in different ways.

Fusion reactions are nuclear reations in which two smaller (lighter) atoms combine into a larger (heavier) atom, with the respective release of energy.

That is what model 1 shows:

That is the process that happens and is responsible for the huge amount of heat produced in and released by the Sun.

In the Sun two atoms of hydrogen fuse into a larger atom of helium.

That is represented by the nuclear reaction:

Since fusion reactions need extremely high temperatures and pressure to start and keep going, the technology to use them economically is still in development.

Fission reactions involve the split of the atom into smaller (lighter) atoms, releasing a huge amount of energy.

That is depicted by the model 2:

As you see one atom is being splited in two atoms with release of energy.

And indeed, that is the technology used by the nuclear power plants.

An example is the fission of uranium-235

Answer:

c. Model 1 shows reactions in the sun and Model 2 shows reactions in the nuclear power plants is correct

Explanation:

I got it right :)

The half-life of Carbon-11 is 20.4 minutes, meaning the quantity reduces by half every 20.4 minutes. So, after approximately 60.0 minutes (roughly three half-lives), approximately 12.5% of the original sample would remain.

Carbon-11 is a radioisotope that's widely used in medical imaging due to its radioactive properties. It has a half-life of 20.4 minutes, which means that the quantity of Carbon-11 reduces to half in every 20.4 minutes.

If we denote one half-life as t, after three half-lives (60.0 min or 3t), the ratio of the remaining sample of Carbon-11 would be 1/2 * 1/2 * 1/2 = 1/8. In other words, approximately 12.5% of the original sample would be remaining. This percentage changes a bit due to the fact that 20.4 min is slightly less than 22.2 min (which would be the exact 3 half lives).

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Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{BF}_{3}}[/tex]

Explanation:

You must draw the Lewis structure for each molecule, trying to give every atom an octet.

In the structures below, every molecule except one has a central atom with octet. That molecule is  

[tex]\boxed{\textbf{BF}_{3}}[/tex]

The B atom has only six electrons in its valence shell, so it violates the octet rule.

BF3 (Boron Trifluoride) does not comply with the octet rule since the Boron atom has only 3 valence electrons. Nonetheless, it's a common and stable exception.

The central atom in BF3 (Boron Trifluoride) makes it an exception to the octet rule. This is due to the fact that boron has only 3 valence electrons which results in having less than 8 electrons around the central Boron atom after bond formation. As a result, the molecule does not comply with the octet rule. However, it is a common exception and this molecule is quite stable in its normal state.

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Answer:

It's simpler than most questions :)

Explanation:

1) B

2) B

3) D

4) A

5) A

Hope this will help :)

Answer:

0.9 J/g.°C.

Explanation:

Q = m.c.ΔT,

where, Q is the amount of energy (Q = 132.8 J).

m is the mass of Al (m = 11.17 g).

c is the specific heat capacity of Al (c of Al = ??? J/g.°C).

ΔT is the difference between the initial and final temperature (ΔT = final T - initial T = 28.94°C - 15.73°C = 13.21°C).

∵ Q = m.c.ΔT

∴ (132.8 J) = (11.17 g)(c)(13.21°C).

∴ c = (132.8 J)/(11.17 g)(13.21°C) = 0.9 J/g.°C.

To find the specific heat of aluminum, we use the formula of heat transfer Q = mcΔT where Q is heat (132.8 J), m is mass (11.17g), ΔT is the change in temperature (13.21°C). Solving this provides the value of the specific heat of aluminum.

The specific heat of aluminum can be calculated using the equation for heat transfer: Q = mcΔT, where Q is the heat supplied, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

In this problem, the values are given as Q = 132.8 J, m = 11.17 g, ΔT = 28.94°C - 15.73°C = 13.21°C.

Substituting the values, we get 132.8 J = 11.17g * c * 13.21°C. To find the specific heat (c), you rearrange the equation so c = Q / (m * ΔT) = 132.8 J / (11.17g * 13.21°C).

Therefore, by solving this the value of c (specific heat of aluminum) can be calculated.

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Answer:

H         S        G       spon/ non spont

-           +         -       spont at all Temperature

+           -         +  non spont at all Temperature

-            -         -   at low tenmperature  spont

+           +        -     at high Temperature spont

For condensation to take place there should be noticeable difference between the temperature of the system and the atmosphere. The correct option is option A.

Condensation is a process in which the vapor state converts to liquid state. Condensation is the reverse process of evaporation. Condensation occur at dew point. Dew point is the temperature at which condensation starts.

To see the spontaneity of a reaction following reaction should be taken into consideration

ΔG=ΔH-TΔS

the value of  ΔH and ΔS are given in negative. So for condensation to be spontaneous, ΔG should be negative and for this the value of ΔH must be more negative than the value of ΔS and this happens at low temperature.

ΔH      ΔS    ΔG     spontaneous/ non spontaneous

-           +         -      spontaneous at all Temperature

+           -         +     non spontaneous at all Temperature

-            -         -      at low temperature spontaneous

+           +        -       at high Temperature spontaneous

Therefore, the correct option is option A.

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Answer:

Explanation:

1) Data:

2) Formula:

Used combined law of gases:

3) Solution:

Solve the equation for V₂:

Substitute and compuite:

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The correct volume of the nitrogen sample at 20°C and 102.7 kPa is approximately 11.3 liters.

To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law, which states that for a given amount of gas, the product of pressure and volume divided by the temperature is constant:

[tex]\[\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}\][/tex]

Given:

[tex]\(P_1 = 98.7\) kPa\\ \(V_1 = 10.0\) liters\\ \(T_1 = 25C + 273.15 = 298.15\) K (converted to Kelvin)\\ \(P_2 = 102.7\) kPa\\\(T_2 = 20C + 273.15 = 293.15\) K (converted to Kelvin)[/tex]

We want to find [tex]\(V_2\)[/tex], the final volume. Rearranging the combined gas law equation to solve for [tex]\(V_2\)[/tex], we get:

[tex]\[V_2 = \frac{P_1V_1T_2}{P_2T_1}\][/tex]

Substituting the given values:

[tex]\[V_2 = \frac{(98.7\text{ kPa})(10.0\text{ L})(293.15\text{ K})}{(102.7\text{ kPa})(298.15\text{ K})}\] \[V_2 = \frac{(98.7)(10.0)(293.15)}{(102.7)(298.15)}\] \[V_2 = \frac{289480.05}{306469.85}\] \[V_2 \approx 11.3\text{ L}\][/tex]

Therefore, the volume of the nitrogen sample at 20°C and 102.7 kPa is approximately 11.3 liters.

Answer:

$10 per foot and per bunch of ornamental grass

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

There are three kind of chemical bonds: covalent, ionic, and metallic.

The chemical bonds are the result of the interaction of the valence electrons of the atoms.

The valence electrons may be:

        Thus, this is the answer to your question: a covalent bond is formed as the result of sharing electrons.

A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond that forms when atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells, thereby creating an attractive force between atoms. These types of bonds can be nonpolar when electrons are shared equally, or polar when there's an imbalance in sharing. An example of covalent bonding is seen in the formation of a water molecule.

A covalent bond is a type of strong chemical bond that is formed between two atoms of the same or different elements. This bond occurs when atoms share electrons in order to complete their valence shells or the outermost shell of an atom that contains its most reactive electrons. This sharing of electrons is an attractive force between the nuclei of a molecule's atoms and pairs of electrons between the atoms. There are various types of covalent bonds. When the sharing of electrons between atoms is equal, the bond is considered nonpolar. However, when electrons are not equally shared due to differences in electronegativity, the bond is said to be polar.

An example of covalent bonding is the formation of a water molecule where hydrogen and oxygen atoms combine and are bound together by covalent bonds. The electrons from the hydrogen split their time between the incomplete outer shell of the hydrogen atoms and the incomplete outer shell of the oxygen atoms. In order to completely fill the outer shell of oxygen, which has six electrons but would be more stable with eight, it requires two electrons (one from each hydrogen atom). Thus, it results in the well-known formula H2O where electrons are shared between the two elements to completely fill the outer shell of each, making both more stable.

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Answer:

OPTION C) All hydrogen ions and all hydroxide ions have reacted to produce water, and so neither ion remains free in solution.

Explanation:

The PH reading on the left axis of the graph shows a value of 7.

A value of 7 on the PH scale implies that equal number of hydrogen ions completely reacted with hydroxyl ions to produce water i.e there is no excess of hydrogen and hydroxyl ion remaining in solution.

For values greater than 7, a basic solution is formed and it signifies the presence of excess hydroxyl ion. If the value is less than 7, there is more hydrogen ions in the solution formed and it is said to be acidic.

At point 7, the hydrogen and hydroxyl ions are equal and completely neutralize out one another.

Note: The acid solution would require a base volume of 20mL to be completely neutralized according to the plot. If it is less, the PH shifts to the left and the solution becomes acidic. If it more, the solution becomes basic and the PH shifts rightwards.

C on e 2020

extra words for 20 letters

Answer: 2.80 Atm

Explanation:

Gay-lussac's law

P1÷T1=P2÷T2

T2·P1÷T1

(200)·(4.20)÷300

Answer:

Explanation:

1) The lowering of the freezing point is a colligative property which means that it depends, and can be calculated from some contants of the pure solvent, and the number of solute particles dissolved.

Where, ΔTf is the reduction in the freezing point, m is the molality of the solution, Kf is the cryoscopic constant of the solvent, and i is the Van't Hoff factor.

2) Find the molality of each solution, m:

       moles of solute, n = mass in grams / molar mass

       m = n / kg of solvent

(A) CuSO₄•5H₂O (M=250)

(B) NiSO₄•6H₂O(M=263)

(C) MgSO₄•7H₂O (M=246)

(D) Na₂SO₄ • 10 H₂O (M = 286)

3) Van't Hoff factor.

Since, all the solutes are ionic, you start assuming that they all dissociate 100%.

That means that:

4) Comparison

Being Kf a constant for the four solutions (same solvent), you just must compare the product m × i

As you see from above calculations, the dissociation factor defines the situation, and you can conclude that the last choice, i.e. the solution of Na₂SO₄ . 10H₂O, will have the greatest decrease of the freezing point, resulting in the lowest freezing point.

Final answer:

The sigma bond between C₂ and C₃ in propyne is composed of sp-sp hybrid orbitals resulting in a linear geometry with an approximate bond angle of 180°.

Explanation:

In propyne (CHCCH₃), the bond between C₂ and C₃ involves the sigma (σ) bond formed by the end-to-end overlap. The atomic orbitals involved are sp hybrid orbitals on both C₂ and C₃. Specifically, the sp-sp sigma bond formation allows for the triple bond between these two carbons, with the additional bonding areas occupied by pi (π) bonds.

Concerning the bond angle, C1-C₂-C₃ would exhibit a linear geometry typical of sp hybridization. Therefore, the approximate bond angle is 180°. This structure is in accord with the linear geometry of sp hybridization, as seen with acetylene or ethyne (HC≡CH) molecules.

The sigma bond between C₂ and C₃ in propyne is formed by an sp orbital on C₂ overlapping with an sp₃ orbital on C₃, leading to a strong carbon-carbon single bond. The C₁-C₂-C₃ bond angle in propyne is approximately 180 degrees due to the linear geometry of sp hybridized carbons.

The atomic or hybrid orbitals that make up the sigma bond between C₂ and C₃ in propyne (CHCCH₃) involve the overlap of an sp orbital on C₂ with an sp3 orbital on C₃. This type of overlap leads to the formation of a strong and shorter carbon-carbon single bond. In propyne, the C₂ carbon is part of a carbon-carbon triple bond, which is composed of one sigma bond and two pi bonds created by the overlap of two sp hybridized orbitals for the sigma bond and two unhybridized p orbitals for the pi bonds.

The approximate C₁-C₂-C₃ bond angle in propyne would be around 180 degrees due to the linear geometry enforced by the sp hybridization of the carbons involved in the triple bond. This linear geometry maximizes the overlap between the involved orbitals, resulting in a strong triple bond consisting of one sigma and two pi bonds.

Answer: Option (b) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

According to Afbau's principle, an electron enters the orbital with lowest energy first and subsequent electrons are fed in the order of increasing energies.

Copper is the element which has atomic number 29. It is a transition metal and atomic number of an atom determines the number of electrons present in an atom.

So, the stable electronic configuration of copper is as follows.

                [tex]1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{1}3d^{10}[/tex].

The electron configuration of an atom with an atomic number of 29 matches option C): 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s1, 3d10. This configuration follows the Aufbau principle, showing how electrons fill up the lowest energy levels first.

The atomic number of an element defines the number of protons, and in a neutral atom, the number of electrons. For an atom with the atomic number 29, the number of electrons will also be 29. The electron configuration describes the distribution of these electrons among the energy levels and orbitals of the atom. For an atom with an atomic number of 29, this arrangement correlates to the option C): 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s1, 3d10. This pattern follows the principles of the Aufbau principle, which prescribes that electrons will fill the lowest available energy levels before moving up to higher energy levels.

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Answer:

103.06°C.

Explanation:

ΔTb = i.Kb.m,

Where, i is the van 't Hoff factor.

Kb is the molal boiling point  elevation constant of water (Kb = 0.51°C/m).

m is the molality of the solution (m = 2.0 m).

van 't Hoff factor is the ratio between the actual concentration of particles produced when the substance is dissolved and the concentration of a substance as calculated from its mass.

Mg(ClO₄)₂ → Mg²⁺ + 2ClO₄⁻,

1 mol of Mg(ClO₄)₂ produces 3 mol of ions (1 mol Mg²⁺ and 2 mol ClO₄⁻).

∴ i = 3/1 = 3.

∴ ΔTb = i.Kb.m = (3)(0.51 °C/m)(2.0 m) = 3.06 °C.

∵  ΔTb = the boiling point in presence of solute (Mg(ClO₄)₂) - the boiling point of pure water.

The boiling point of pure water = 100.0°C.

∴ The boiling point in presence of solute (Mg(ClO₄)₂) = ΔTb + the boiling point of pure water = 3.06 °C + 100.0°C = 103.06°C.

The boiling point of a 2.00 molal magnesium perchlorate solution is calculated to be 103.06°C by determining the van't Hoff factor and using the molal boiling point elevation constant for water.

To calculate the boiling point of a 2.00 molal solution of magnesium perchlorate, Mg(ClO₄)₂, we first need to determine the van't Hoff factor (i), which is the number of particles the compound dissociates into in solution. Magnesium perchlorate dissociates into one Mg²⁺ ion and two ClO₄⁻ ions, giving us an i value of 3. We use the molal boiling point elevation constant (Kb) for water and the molality of the solution (m) to find the boiling point elevation (ΔTb).

Since Kb for water is typically given as 0.51°C/m, the boiling point elevation can be calculated using the formula: ΔTb = i * Kb * m. Given that the solution is 2.00 molal, the boiling point elevation is:

ΔTb = 3 * 0.51°C/m * 2.00 m = 3.06°C

To find the final boiling point, you add the boiling point elevation to the normal boiling point of water, which is 100°C:

Boiling point = 100°C + 3.06°C = 103.06°C

Therefore, the boiling point of the 2.00 molal magnesium perchlorate solution is 103.06°C.

Answer:

four covalent bonds

Explanation:

A carbon atom would form 4 covalent bonds.

For a covalent bond to be formed, an atom would share its valence electrons with another. In this process, each atom would require unpaired electrons for this bond to be formed. The number of available unpaired electrons would represent the number of electrons needed to complete the outer energy level of the atom.

In a carbon atom, we have no lone pair of electrons and 4 unpaired electrons. When these 4 electrons are shared with those of other atoms, they produce a complete octet which perfectly mimics the noble gases.

Answer:

They join together to form short polymer chains called peptides or longer chains called either polypeptides or proteins.

Explanation:

A bunch of amino acids attached together is called a protein.

Proteins are complex macromolecules essential for various biological functions. They consist of amino acids linked together through peptide bonds. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, have distinct structures and properties. The specific sequence and arrangement of these amino acids in a protein dictate its unique function.

Proteins play crucial roles in the body, including enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions, structural components like collagen, and antibodies that defend against pathogens. They also serve as hormones, transport molecules, and provide mechanical support. The diversity of proteins and their functions underpins the complexity of life processes, making them fundamental to all living organisms.

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