Describe all of the van der Waals forces that exist between molecules of water.

Answer:

Plasma.

Explanation:

Plasma

" The ionized gaseous mixture consist of atoms, ions and electrons is called plasma"

The plasma was first time identified by William Crookes in 1879. More than 99% universe matter is consist of plasma.

It is the fourth state of matter, the other three are solid, gas and liquid. The most of matter in the universe is plasma. When heat is supplied to the atoms, they gain energy the electrons in atom thus escape from the atom by gaining the energy and create the positive charge. Thus ions are formed. When heat is constantly supplied, the ionization process continue to take place and produce large number of positive charges, free electrons but some atoms not get ionized and remain neutral. Thus a cloud of free electrons , positive charge and neutral atoms is formed which is called plasma.

Examples:

The shining stars, lightning bolts, fluorescent light, flames, electrical current which passes through neon gas are some examples of plasma.

Final answer:

As the dew point and air temperature diverge, the air becomes drier, reducing the chance of precipitation since a significant drop in air temperature would be required to reach the dew point and initiate condensation.

Explanation:

When the dew point temperature and air temperature are getting farther apart, it indicates that the air is becoming less saturated with moisture. As the temperature drops without reaching the dew point, no condensation occurs. Hence, because the air is becoming drier, the chance of precipitation decreases.

The dew point is the temperature at which the air is completely saturated with moisture and condensation can begin. If the dew point is low, it means that the humidity is low, and there is less moisture available to form precipitation. Since the measurements indicate increasing separation between the dew point and air temperature, the likelihood of rain or snow decreases. This is because as the air temperature falls, it would have to drop a significant amount to reach the dew point and only then could condensation and precipitation potentially occur.

Answer:

Formula unit mass of [tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex] is 84 u.

Explanation:

Formula unit mass can be calculated by the adding individual element mass in the formula of the compound.

The given compound - [tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex]

From the given the atomic mass of each element in the given compound is as follows.

Atomic mass of sodium (Na) = 23 u

Atomic mass of Hydrogen (H) = 1 u

Atomic mass of carbon (c) = 12 u

Atomic mass of oxygen (O) = 16 u

The number of atoms in the formula:

1 sodium atom =23 u

1 hydrogen atom = 1 u

1 carbon atom =  12 u

3 oxygen atom = 3 X 16 u = 48 u

_____________________________

Formula mass = 84 u

_______________________________

Therefore, Formula unit mass of [tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex] is 84 u.

Answer:

88.04moles

Explanation:

Nᴀ=6.02×10²³ (constant)

n=N/Nᴀ=

[tex] = \frac{ {5.3 \times 10}^{25} }{ {6.02 \times 10}^{23} } = 88.04moles[/tex]

We can convert the number of molecules to moles by dividing the number of molecules by Avogadro's number. In this case, 5.3 x 10²⁵ molecules of CO₂ is approximately equal to 88.04 moles.

To solve the student's problem, we need to find the number of moles in 5.3 x 10²⁵ molecules of CO₂. We do this by dividing the number of molecules by Avogadro's number (approximately 6.02 x 10²³ mol-1), a constant which tells us the number of molecules in a mole.

So, the calculation is as follows:

Number of Moles = (Number of molecules) / (Avogadro's number)

Which in this case becomes: Number of Moles = (5.3 x 10²⁵ molecules) / (6.02 x 10²³ mol⁻¹) ≈ 88.04 moles

So, 5.3 x 10^25 molecules of CO₂ is approximately equal to 88.04 moles.

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Explanation:

Characteristics of electric energy Typically, these negative electrical charges (electrons) move through the electrical conductor. Normally the conductor is made of a metallic material because they have a greater amount of free electrons. Electrons and protons are charged particles within an electric field.

Electrical energy is the ability of electric charges to perform work due to their relative positions. It is continuously converted to other forms of energy in an electric circuit, and it can also be generated mechanically and stored for later use.

Electrical energy, which falls under the broader category of physical energy forms, has some distinct features. Firstly, electrical energy is the ability of charged particles to perform work as a result of their positions relative to each other - this is also referred to as electric potential energy. It's important to note that positive charges usually move from regions of high potential to low while negative ones do the opposite.

Secondly, electrical energy is commonly present in electric circuits where it gets continually converted into other forms of energy. For instance, in a conductor, the electrical energy transforms into thermal energy. These energy conversions are radically important because they illustrate the principle of energy conservation, which states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed.

Lastly, electrical energy is produced mechanically by moving a conductor through a magnetic field and stored in devices such as batteries and capacitors for future use. In biological systems, electrolytes in cells and body fluids supply electrical energy, leading to voltage changes that aid in transmitting impulses in nerve and muscle cells.

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Explanation:

SADMEP

-2(bx-5) = 16 distribute

-2bx +10 = 16 subtracte

-10 -10

-2bx = 6

divide by -2x (on both sides)

b = -3x

Answer:

b= -3/x

Explanation:

To solve for b in the equation

-2(bx-5)=16

multiply the terms in the bracket by -2

-2bx + 10 = 16

subtract 10 from both sides of the equation

-2bx + 10 - 10 = 16 -10

-2bx = 6

divide both sides of the equation by -2x

-2bx/-2x = 6/-2x

b = -3/x

Answer:

Natural Gas

Explanation:

It is when fossil fuels like coal and other natural gasses are burned that greenhouse gas is emitted. Nuclear power does hold some danger if left unchecked, but does not contribute to greenhouse gasses in a significant way. Hydroelectric energy does not produce any greenhouse gasses as well. Geothermal energy is also something that does not produce greenhouse gasses and is renewable. The main reason why natural gasses are still used although they produce large numbers of dangerous gasses is because they cost much less than the other energy sources on this list.

Answer:

natural gas :)

Explanation:

Answer:

All of the above is a way in which groundwater depletion affects streams

Explanation:

Because of the excessive pumping it affects the groundwater level resulting in serious threat to the streams. Loss of the vegetation is the major cause for depletion of groundwater as it results in reducing the ability of the soil to hold on to the water. Evaporation of large tonnes of water affects the marine life, which extinct the various flora fauna fishes and other marine animals and plants. A huge amount of rain water is wasted every year due to the poor storage facility of water harvesting

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Answer:

0.0286 mol Cl

Explanation:

to convert atoms to moles, we need Avogadro's number.

1 mol= 6.02 x 10^23 atoms

1.72 x 10^22 atoms (1 mol/ 6.02 x 10^23)= 0.0286 moles

Anthony is interested in seeing the atoms in a piece of fish scale. he breaks the scale into the smallest piece he can, and look at it under a microscope. No, atoms are too small to see with a microscope. Therefore, option B is correct.

A laboratory tool called a microscope is used to look at things that are too small to be seen with the human eye. The study of small objects and structures under a microscope is known as microscopy. Being microscopic means being difficult to see without a microscope.

Microscopy is the process of looking through a microscope at small objects that are invisible to the unassisted eye. Optical microscopy, scanning probe microscopy, and electron microscopy are the three basic categories. Optical microscopes enlarge the image by reflecting light off of the object and using lenses or mirrors.

Although advancements in imaging have allowed their usage to spread into most fields of science and technology, microscopes remain a mainstay in research in the life sciences.

Thus, option B is correct.

To learn more about the microscope, follow the link;

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In this reaction, Cl2 is reduced to form HCl and HBr is oxidized to form Br2.

In this reaction, Cl2 is being reduced to form HCl, and HBr is being oxidized to form Br2. The substance being reduced gains electrons, while the substance being oxidized loses electrons.

Cl2 + 2HBr → 2HCl + Br2

Cl2 is the oxidizing agent because it causes the oxidation of HBr, and HBr is the reducing agent because it causes the reduction of Cl2. The oxidizing agent is the species that gets reduced, while the reducing agent is the species that gets oxidized.

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Final answer:

In the reaction Cl2 + 2HBr → 2HCl + Br2, HBr is oxidized and Cl2 is reduced, making the correct choice A) HBr oxidized; HCl reduced.

Explanation:

In the reaction Cl2 + 2HBr → 2HCl + Br2, the substance being oxidized is HBr and the substance being reduced is Cl2. According to the provided half-reactions, oxidation involves the loss of electrons, and in this case, Br− (from HBr) loses electrons to form Br2. Conversely, the reduction involves the gain of electrons where Cl2 gains electrons to form 2Cl− (from HCl).

Therefore, the answer to the question is that HBr is oxidized; Cl2 is reduced, making the correct choice: A) HBr oxidized; HCl reduced. The oxidizing agent is Cl2 and the reducing agent is Br− from HBr.

The mass of 6.45 x 10²² atoms of carbon​ is 12.864 grams

To calculate the mass of 6.45 x 10²² atoms of carbon, divide the number of atoms by Avogadro's number to get the number of moles, then multiply by the molar mass of carbon (12.011 g/mol) to find the mass in grams.

To calculate the mass of 6.45 x 10²² atoms of carbon, we will use Avogadro's number and the molar mass of carbon. Avogadro's number is 6.022 x 10²³ particles/mol, and the molar mass of carbon is 12.011 g/mol. We use these constants as conversion factors.

First, find the number of moles of carbon atoms:

Number of moles = (6.45 x 10²² atoms C) / (6.022 x 10²³ atoms/mol)

Number of moles = 1.071mol

The next step will be to convert these moles to grams using the molar mass of carbon:

Mass of carbon = Number of moles x Molar mass of carbon

Mass of carbon = 1.071 mol x 12.011 g/mol

Make the calculation and the result will give you the mass in 12.864 grams.

Answer:

(i) Formula = Fe₂(SO₄)₃

   Name = Iron (III) Sulfate or ferric sulfate

(ii) Formula (NH₄)₂CO₃

    Name = Ammonium Carbonate

Explanation:

Data given:

(i) Fe³⁺ and SO₄²⁻

ii) NH₄⁺ and CO₃²⁻

Formula and named of the compound =?

Solution:

(i) compound from Fe³⁺ and SO₄²⁻ and its name

writing a formula in combined form

compound formula form from Fe³⁺ and SO₄²⁻ = Fe₂(SO₄)₃

Name of the compound = Iron (III) Sulfate or ferric sulfate

______

(ii) compound from NH₄⁺ and CO₃²⁻ and its name

writing a formula in combined form

compound formula form from NH₄⁺ and  CO₃²⁻ = (NH₄)₂CO₃

Name of the compound = Ammonium Carbonate

Answer:

the most reactive element in the periodic table are alkali metals (metals of the first group in the periodic table). They have one electron in the last energy level and easily react, they easily release the electron.

Explanation:

gold:element

salt solution: mixture

bronze: compound

calcium carbonate: compound

hydrogen: element

soil: mixture

Answer:

Making oxygen

Oxygen can be made from hydrogen peroxide, which decomposes slowly to form water and oxygen:

hydrogen peroxide → water + oxygen

2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

The rate of reaction can be increased using a catalyst, manganese(IV) oxide. When manganese(IV) oxide is added to hydrogen peroxide, bubbles of oxygen are given off.

Apparatus arranged to measure the volume of gas in a reaction. Reaction mixture is in a flask and gas travels out through a pipe in the top and down into a trough of water. It then bubbles up through a beehive shelf into an upturned glass jar filled with water. The gas collects at the top of the jar, forcing water out into the trough below.

To make oxygen in the laboratory, hydrogen peroxide is poured into a conical flask containing some manganese(IV) oxide. The gas produced is collected in an upside-down gas jar filled with water. As the oxygen collects in the top of the gas jar, it pushes the water out.

Instead of the gas jar and water bath, a gas syringe could be used to collect the oxygen.

Answer:

sea floor spreading

Explanation: hfhgg

Answer:

Mercury is the only metal that's liquid at room temperature, bromine and iodine are the other

Explanation:

11 elements are gases

Others are solid

Answer:

Explanation:

the question is a bit confusing, but if i'm understanding correctly the answer is non-metals... some non-metals are gasses (all of the noble gasses), some are liquid (mercury and bromine), and some are solids (all the rest).

however, not all metals are solid at room temp, there are a few exceptions.

Foliation:

exfoliation :

Answer:

The steps are explained below, the essential step is to find mass here, 120 g of NaOH.

Explanation:

In order to answer this question, we need to define molarity conceptually firstly to see what variables we need. According to the formula, molarity is equal to the ratio between moles and volume, while moles itself is a ratio between mass and molar mass. This means we have a formula for molarity involving mass, molar mass and volume:

[tex]c = \frac{n}{V} = \frac{m}{MV}[/tex]

In order to prepare a 500.0 mL of stock solution of 6.0 M of NaOH, we then need to find the mass of NaOH dissolved in this solution using the equation above:

[tex]m = cMV = 6.0 M\cdot 39.997 g/mol\cdot 0.5000 L = 120 g[/tex]

Now, since we have the mass of NaOH, we can describe the steps needed to prepare this solution:

Our solution is prepared.

Answer:

option C = 9.0 x 10²³ atoms

Explanation:

Data Given:

no. of moles of tin (Sn) atoms = 1.5 moles

no. of tin (Sn) atoms = ?

Solution:

Formula used to find number of atoms

                  no. of moles = no. of atoms / Avogadro's number

Rearrange the above equation:

          no. of atoms =   no. of moles x Avogadro's number . . . . . . (1)

Where

Avogadro's number = 6.022 x 10²³

Put values in equation 1

           no. of atoms = 1.5 x 6.022 x 10²³

           no. of atoms = 9.033 x 10²³

Round the figure = 9.0 x 10²³ atoms

So option C is correct

Answer:

When a basketball player jumps to make a shot, _____

The downward force on the floor is equal to the upward force on his feet

Explanation:

According to Newton's Third Law of motion :

For every action there is equal and opposite reaction .

Hence when the  basketball player jumps to make a shot, The gravity (downward force) and his energy (upward force on his feet) exert equal forces on each other in opposite directions.

3CaCl₂ + 2Na₃PO₄→ Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 6NaCl

We are given the Equation;

CaCl₂ + Na₃PO₄→ Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + NaCl

Assuming the question requires us to balance the equation;

In this case;

3CaCl₂ + 2Na₃PO₄→ Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 6NaCl

Answer:

1 electron

Explanation:

Since this substance is the in the first column in the periodic table, hence it would have 1 electron in its outermost ring

The Law of Conservation of Energy states that The total energy of an isolated system is constant. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another or transferred from one system to another.

Answer:

4d¹ electron has quantum numbers

n=4; l=2; ml= -2; ms= 1/2

Explanation:

There are 4 quantum numbers, namely

the principal quantum number (n)

the orbital angular momentum quantum number (l)

the magnetic quantum number (ml)

the electron spin quantum number (ms)

The principal quantum number describes the orbit or shell of the electron

here n = 4 ⇒ electron is in 4th shell

the orbital angular momentum quantum number describes the shape of orbital the electron is present in.

l= 0 ⇒ s-orbital

l= 1 ⇒ p-orbital

l= 2 ⇒ d-orbital

l= 3 ⇒ f-orbital

In our case l= 2 ⇒ p-orbital

ml specifies in which orbital electron is present of given shape

ml has 2l+1 values,which range from -1 to +l

here l = 2 ⇒ ml has 2(2)+1 = 5 values (-2 to +2)

so electron is present in one of the five d-orbitals

ms represents the spin of electron (+1/2 or -1/2)

If  +1/2 represents clockwise then -1/2 represents anti-clockwise and vice-versa.

⇒  4d¹ electron has quantum numbers

n=4; l=2; ml= -2; ms= 1/2.

An electron with quantum numbers n=4, l=2, ml=-2, ms=1/2 is located in the fourth energy level of an atom, within a 'd' shaped orbital pointing in a predetermined space direction, with an upward spin.

The student's question refers to a specific electron in an atom characterized by four quantum numbers: principal quantum number (n=4), azimuthal quantum number (l=2), magnetic quantum number (ml=-2), and spin quantum number (ms=1/2). These quantum numbers reveal the electron's energy level, shape, orientation in space, and spin direction, respectively.

Therefore, an electron with these quantum numbers is found in the fourth energy level (n=4) of an atom. The shape of the orbital where this electron is located is a 'd' orbital (l=2). The negative sign of the magnetic quantum number reveals that the orbital is oriented in one of the five spatial orientations possible for 'd' orbitals. Lastly, the spin quantum number of 1/2 means the electron's spin is up.

This shows the student's question is related to quantum mechanics studies in chemistry and physics, specifically atomic structure and electron configuration.

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Answer:

Not necessarily

Explanation:

The answer would be: not necessarily, there is no such requirement.

Whenever we're multiplying in scientific notation, we may simply multiply the numbers separately and the rest separately. Let's say that in a general case we have two numbers:

[tex]n_1 = a \cdot 10^b[/tex]

[tex]n_2 = c \cdot 10^d[/tex]

In order to multiply them, we:

Let's apply this for some specific example, say, we have:

[tex]n_1 = 2\cdot 10^3[/tex]

[tex]n_2 = 3\cdot 10^4[/tex]

Answer:

A. fairly constant

Explanation:

In photosynthesis plants used carbon dioxide and produced oxygen while in respiration oxygen is taken and carbon dioxide is released thus level of both gases remain constant.

Aerobic respiration

It is the breakdown of glucose molecule in the presence of oxygen to yield large amount of energy. Water and carbon dioxide are also produced as a byproduct.

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + 38ATP

Photosynthesis:

It is the process in which in the presence of sun light and chlorophyll by using carbon dioxide and water plants produce the oxygen and glucose.

Carbon dioxide + water + energy →   glucose + oxygen

water is supplied through the roots, carbon dioxide collected through stomata and sun light is capture  by chloroplast.

Chemical equation:

6H₂O + 6CO₂ + energy  →   C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Answer:

1)

A) The balanced equation is (1):

(1) [tex]2H_2 +O_2[/tex] ⇒ [tex]2H_2O[/tex]

B) The limiting reagent is the Hydrogen. There is a simple rule to identify the limiting reagent. the explanation is shown below

C) The maximum amount of water produced is given by the limiting reagent (hydrogen) and this quantity is 198g of water

2)

The percent yield is 89.65%

Explanation:

A) In this case you must take into account that the molecules involved in the reaction are oxygen and hydrogen in its diatomic form. This is because the monoatomic form is unstable in nature or said in another way, both oxygen and hydrogen are only found in nature in diatomic form.

In that order of ideas, you can pose the following equation:

(2) [tex]H_2 +O_2[/tex] ⇒ [tex]H_2O[/tex]

The equation (2) is not balanced, for that reason you should balance the amount of atoms of each element. I suggest start balancing oxygen and then balance the hydrogen. If you do that, the result will be equation (1).

B)  The rule to identify the limiting reagent is the following:

In this case you have:

[tex]oxygen: \frac{11mol}{1mol} =11[/tex]

[tex]hydrogen: \frac{11mol}{2mol} =5.5[/tex]

C) If you want to calculate the amount of water produced you need the equation balanced. Take into account that the maximum amount produced of a product is given by the limiting reagent.

If you don´t understand the concept of limiting reagent, I invite you to analyze the following example:

Continuing with the calculations, take into account that this should be based on the hydrogen (the limiting reagent). The procedure is shown below:

(3) [tex]11molH_2*\frac{2molH_2O}{2molH2}*\frac{18gH_2O}{1molH_2O}  =198g[/tex]

Note that the excercise provide 11 moles of the limiting reagent (hydrogen). You should relate the amount of moles of hydrogen with the amount of moles of the product (water). To do so, you have to identify the stoichiometric coefficient in the reaction for both the hydrogen and the water (remember, the equation should be balanced). Finally, the molecular weight of the water relate the amount of moles with its mass.

2) First of all, you must verify if the equation is balanced. Once the equation is balanced you must calculate the theoretical yield.

To do so, you assume that all the limiting reagent is consumed to form the product (sodium oxide in this case).

Take into account that the limiting reagent is the sodium because the reaction is carried out with excess oxygen

The procedure is similar to the one shown in equation (3), but now you have mass instead of moles; this implies that first of all you have to transform the mass to moles :

[tex]34,6gNa*\frac{1molNa}{23gNa}=1.504molNa[/tex]

Note that 23 is the molecular weight of the sodium.

Once you calculate the amount of moles of limiting reagent, follow the procedure in equation (3):

(4) [tex]1.504molNa*\frac{2molNa_2O}{4molNa}*\frac{62gNa_2O}{1molNa_2O}=46,624gNa_2O[/tex]

46,624g is the theoretical yield of the reaction. The experimental yield of the reaction is given by the excercise, note that the problem state that 34.6 g of sodium produce 41.8g of sodium oxide.

The percent yield is calculated using equation (5)

(5) [tex]percent yield=\frac{ExperimentalYield}{TheoreticalYield}*100[/tex]

Replacing in equation (5) you have:

[tex]%yield=\frac{41.8}{46.624}*100=89.65[/tex]

key concept: The experimental yield can never be greater than theoretical yield, for that reason the percent yield is always lower than 100%. If the percent yield calculated is greater than 100 you should check carefully the procedure.