Dark lines are observed in the absorption spectrum of hydrogen atom.
Further explanation:
Electronic transition:
An electronic transition is a process that occurs when an electron undergoes emission or absorption from one energy level to another energy level.
When an electron undergoes a transition from lower energy level to the higher energy level then it requires energy to complete the process. This transition is an absorption process.
When an electron undergoes a transition from higher energy level to lower energy level then it emits energy to complete the process. This transition is an emission process.
A hydrogen atom has one proton and one electron. This single electron will be present in specific energy level. The atomic number of hydrogen atom is 1 so it has only one shell and every orbital in this shell have the same energy. The range of energy levels starts from n =1 and can reach up to infinity.
The formula to calculate the energy levels for hydrogen is as follows:
[tex]{E_n}=-\frac{{{R_H}}}{{{n^2}}}[/tex] ...... (1)
Here,
[tex]{E_n}[/tex] is the energy of the nth orbital.
n is the principal quantum number.
[tex]{R_H}[/tex] is the Rydberg constant.
The energy that is associated with the transitions is the energy difference between the two levels in which the transition takes place.
The formula to calculate the difference between two energy levels of the hydrogen atom is,
[tex]\Delta E={R_{\text{H}}}\left({\frac{1}{{{{\left({{{\text{n}}_{\text{i}}}} \right)}^2}}}-\frac{1}{{{{\left({{{\text{n}}_{\text{f}}}}\right)}^2}}}}\right)[/tex]
Where,
[tex]\Delta E[/tex] is the energy difference between two energy levels.
[tex]{R_{\text{H}}}[/tex] is a Rydberg constant.
[tex]{{\text{n}}_{\text{i}}}[/tex] is the initial energy level of transition.
[tex]{{\text{n}}_{\text{f}}}[/tex] is the final energy level of transition.
The gaseous hydrogen molecule dissociates when electric discharge through it. The lines that are produced due to the emission from [tex]{{\text{n}}_{\text{i}}}[/tex] equal to 2 appear in the emission spectrum.
The emission spectrum of hydrogen shows 4 lines. One line is in the higher range that is [tex]656\;{\text{nm}}[/tex] and the other three lines in the range of [tex]400 - 500\;{\text{nm}}[/tex] .
Since hydrogen is present in the first shell, it will always absorb some amount of energy to reach the higher levels. So absorption spectrum is observed in hydrogen atom. Absorbed photons show black lines. The absorbed photons show black lines in the spectrum. In such photons, energies of particular wavelengths are absorbed, but these are not visible and therefore absorption spectrum is just the opposite of emission spectrum.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Atomic structure
Keywords: transition, hydrogen atom, Rydberg constant, absorption spectrum, electronic transition, initial energy level, final energy level, RH, ni, nf, energy difference between two levels.
Isotopes have the same ____________ but have a new atomic mass because they _________________. *
Number of electrons; have more or less neutrons
Number of protons; have more or less neutrons
Number of protons; have more or less electrons
Number of electrons; have more or less protons
Answer:
Isotopes have the same number of protons but have a new atomic mass because they have more or less neutrons.
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Explain in terms of particle behavior why smoke particles cause the detector alarm to sound
Smoke particles disrupt the ion flow created by americium-241 in smoke detectors, causing a drop in electric current and triggering the alarm. This mechanism helps in early fire detection and increases safety.
Explanation:Inside a smoke detector, a tiny amount of the radioactive element americium-241 emits α-particles, which ionize the air and create a small electric current between two metal plates. This continuous ionization forms the basis for detecting smoke. When smoke particles from a fire enter the detector, they impede the flow of ions, thus reducing the conductivity of the air and causing a significant drop in the current. This decrease in current level is detected by the circuit, which then triggers the alarm to alert of the potential danger of a fire.
Regular battery replacement is recommended as the continuous drain of current by the ionization process depletes the battery over time, irrespective of alarm activation. The americium-241 is sealed in plastic within the detector, making it harmless unless tampered with.
How does the mass number of an element differ from its average atomic mass?
Why isn't the atomic mass of most of the elements on the periodic table a whole number?
What elements are formed by stars having a mass greater than eight suns?
Stars having a mass greater than eight suns produce elements as heavy as iron through nucleosynthesis. They also eject matter into space in their dying stage, making way for new stars. Elements heavier than iron are synthesized during supernova explosions when these stars exhaust their nuclear fuel.
Explanation:Stars having a mass greater than eight suns are capable of forming elements as heavy as iron through a process known as nucleosynthesis. In these stars, nuclear reactions involving carbon, oxygen, and heavier elements can build up nuclei up to that of iron. Eventually, these stars exhaust their energy supplies and in the process of dying, some matter, enriched in heavy elements, is ejected into interstellar space. This matter forms the foundation for new stars, with each succeeding generation containing a larger proportion of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. Specifically, such massive stars can ignite further fusion reactions, transforming carbon into oxygen, neon, magnesium, and silicon until iron is ultimately formed. However, elements heavier than iron are synthesized during spectacular explosions called supernovas, which occur when these stars finally exhaust their nuclear fuel.
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Elements heavier than iron are formed through nucleosynthesis in stars with masses greater than 8 solar masses.
Explanation:In stars with masses greater than about 8 solar masses, elements heavier than iron can be formed through nucleosynthesis, a process in which nuclear reactions build up nuclei. The outer layers of these massive stars compress the carbon-oxygen core, leading to the fusion of carbon nuclei and the production of heavier elements like silicon and iron.
Elements formed by stars include hydrogen and helium, which were produced during stellar nucleosynthesis. Heavier elements, such as carbon, oxygen, and beyond, are formed through fusion processes within stars during their lifecycle. However, iron is the endpoint of this process, as fusion of iron atoms requires energy rather than releasing it.
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What is the difference between the 3p sublevel and the 4p sublevel?
On the periodic table
Answer:
Here look
Explanation:
Zinc has a mass of 4.50g calculate the volume
The volume of given amount of zinc will be 0.631 cm³.
What is the relation between the mass and density of a solid body?
The relation between the mass and density of any solid is given by -
M = dV
where -
[M] is the mass
[d] is density
[V] is volume
Given is Zinc that has a mass of 4.50 g.
We can write -
Mass of zinc = [M] = 4.5 g
Density of zinc = [d] = 7.13 g/cm³
Therefore, the volume of given amount of zinc will be -
V = M/d
V = 4.5/7.13
V = 0.631 cm³
Therefore, the volume of given amount of zinc will be 0.631 cm³
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Final answer:
To find the volume of the zinc sample weighing 4.50g, divide the mass by the density of zinc (7 g/cm³), resulting in a volume of approximately 0.643 cm³.
Explanation:
To calculate the volume of a sample of zinc with a mass of 4.50g, we need to know the density of zinc. From the provided examples, we can determine that the density of zinc is effectively 7 g/cm³ (since if 1 cm³ of zinc has a mass of about 7 grams).
Using the formula density = mass/volume, we can find the volume by rearranging the formula to volume = mass/density. Plugging in the numbers, we get:
volume = 4.50 g / 7 g/cm³ = 0.643 cm³ (approximately)
Therefore, the volume of the 4.50g sample of zinc is approximately 0.643 cm³.
It's important to think about your result and ensure it's reasonable. Given the mass and density, a volume of 0.643 cm³ for zinc is consistent with its known physical properties.
Since the beginning of time, some people have believed that the Earth is flat. Beginning around 300 B.C., however, some began to wonder if the Earth is actually spherical in shape. Those that favored the flat Earth theory made the following observations: The Earth is stable because it is a flat landmass sandwiched between a flat layer of air and a flat layer of water. If the Earth is spherical, then oceans should be curved on top, but they aren't. Some rivers flow for hundreds of miles but only fall a few feet. The rivers should fall farther if the Earth is spherical. If the Earth is spherical, people and animals that inhabit the Earth would notice as they walked along its surface. Since mariners are able to use flat compasses to navigate their ships without crashing, the Earth must not be a sphere. Those that disputed the flat Earth theory countered the claim by observing that Christopher Columbus was able to sail around the Earth without falling off the edge and later, by presenting satellite imagery taken from space of a spherical Earth. This example demonstrates that
A. scientific knowledge is unattainable.
B. argumentation is a necessary part of scientific inquiry.
C. it is easy to resolve a scientific argument.
D. it is not possible to settle a dispute.
This example demonstrates that argumentation is a necessary part of scientific inquiry and the correct option is option B.
As new experiments are conducted and data is gathered, it can challenge or refine existing theories, leading to updates in scientific knowledge.
Technological advancements also play a role in driving change, as they provide scientists with new tools and methods to explore and observe the natural world.
Additionally, scientific debates and discussions within the scientific community contribute to the evolution of knowledge, as different perspectives and interpretations are considered.
Thus, the ideal selection is option B.
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A reaction which forms a solid product is an example of a(n)________. oxidation-reduction reaction combustion reaction precipitation reaction gas evolution reaction none of these
The eu(iii) standards added to the groundwater sample contained 0.168 ng/ml (ppb) of eu(iii). calculate the concentration of eu(iii) in the groundwater sample.
Without specific data on Eu(III) measurements and sample treatment, we cannot calculate its concentration in the groundwater sample. Typically, standard addition or a calibration curve would be used. For other examples, such as mercury in wastewater, ppm and ppb are calculated using the solute's weight and the sample's weight.
Explanation:To determine the concentration of Eu(III) in the groundwater sample, we would typically use a procedure similar to the one used for analyzing the concentration of other ions like nitrate (NO3). We might use techniques such as standard addition or a calibration curve using an ISE (ion-selective electrode), CZE (capillary zone electrophoresis), or another analytical method. However, without additional information such as the volume of groundwater sample, potential measurements, standard concentrations, and dilution factors, it is not possible to calculate the concentration of Eu(III) in the sample with the data provided.
One common approach is demonstrated in the NO3 example provided: In a one-point standard addition method, a known amount of a standard solution is added to the sample, and the change in an analytical signal (e.g., potential for an ISE) is measured. This is used to calculate the concentration of the target analyte in the original sample. Without similar data points for the Eu(III) analysis, the concentration in the groundwater sample cannot be determined from the information provided.
In the case of the example where mercury concentration is to be expressed in ppm and ppb, it is a straightforward calculation based on the weight of mercury and the weight of the sample. Parts per million (ppm) and parts per billion (ppb) are units of concentration that represent the ratio of solute to solution. To convert milligrams to grams and then compute ppm and ppb, we need to use the provided weights.
For instance, to calculate the concentration in ppm and ppb, given a 50.0-g industrial wastewater sample contains 0.48 mg of mercury:
Convert milligrams of mercury to grams: 0.48 mg = 0.48 × 10−3 gCalculate ppm (parts per million): (0.48 × 10−3 g / 50.0 g) × 106 = 9.6 ppmCalculate ppb (parts per billion): (0.48 × 10−3 g / 50.0 g) × 109 = 9600 ppb
What is the standard unit used to measure mass?
cubic meters
gram
liter
meter
Answer:
Gram (g)
Explanation:
technically, it is the kilogram (kg), which is made of grams.
How many electrons can occupy the s orbitals at each energy level?
The primary function of molecular membranes is the transport of ions and molecules into and out of cells—transport is directional and selective. the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration to gain energy is best described as
An upright cylindrical tank with radius 6 m is being filled with water at a rate of 2 m3/min. how fast is the height of the water increasing?if h is the water's height, the volume of the water is v = πr2h. we must find dv/dt. differentiating both sides of the equation gives
The problem of determining how quickly the water level is rising in an upright cylindrical tank can be solved by identifying the rate of change of volume (dv/dt) and differentiating the volume equation relative to time.
Explanation:The problem is about the rate of increase in the height of water in a cylindrical tank. As specified, if v = πr²h represents the volume of the water where r is the tank's radius and h is the water's height, then the rate of volume change dv/dt would differentiate the volume equation relative to time.
As the tank is cylindrical and upright, its radius does not change over time. Consequently, we differentiate the volume function with respect to time to find dv/dt = πr²dh/dt, where dh/dt represents how fast the water's height is increasing.
We are given dv/dt is equal to 2 m³/min since the water is filling at a rate of 2 m³/min. When we substitute the values and solve for dh/dt, we find the rate of increase of the height of water.
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The formula for aluminum fluoride is electrically neutral which of the following is the correct
formula for this compound which consists of only aluminum and fluoride ions and aluminum ion has three positive charges
Answer:
The answer is AIF3
Explanation:
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The chemical formula of aluminium fluoride is AlF₃ as it has aluminium and fluoride ions with +3 and -1 charges respectively.
What is chemical formula?Chemical formula is a way of representing the number of atoms present in a compound or molecule.It is written with the help of symbols of elements. It also makes use of brackets and subscripts.
Subscripts are used to denote number of atoms of each element and brackets indicate presence of group of atoms. Chemical formula does not contain words. Chemical formula in the simplest form is called empirical formula.
It is not the same as structural formula and does not have any information regarding structure.It does not provide any information regarding structure of molecule as obtained in structural formula.
There are four types of chemical formula:
1)empirical formula
2) structural formula
3)condensed formula
4)molecular formula
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Explain how an increase in the temperature causes an increase in the solubility of most solids and liquids
Explain how the quantum mechanical model of the atom describes the electron structure of an atom
According to the model electrons in the same atom with the same principal quantum number (n) or primary energy level are said to occupy an atom's electron shell.
What is quantum mechanical model?Quantum mechanical model is defined as the possibilities of inserting electrons within an atom by describing the principal energy level, energy level, orbital energy level, and orbital energy level.
Quantum mechanics is defined as a fundamental theory of physics that describes the physical aspects of nature at the atomic and subatomic particle scales.
Electrons are defined as the negatively charged subatomic particles that together with protons and neutrons forms an atom.
Protons are positively charged in nature, while neutrons are neutral in nature.
Thus, according to the model electrons in the same atom with the same principal quantum number (n) or primary energy level are said to occupy an atom's electron shell.
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Calculate the formula mass for the compound tin(iv) sulfate. express your answer using five significant figures.
The formula mass of tin(iv) sulfate is 310.83g/mol. Details about formula mass can be found below.
How to calculate formula mass?The formula mass of a compound can be calculated by summing the atomic masses of the element that make it up.
According to this question, tin(iv) sulfate is the given compound. The chemical formula of tin (IV) sulfate is Sn(SO4)2.
Atomic mass of Sn = 118.71g/molAtomic mass of S = 32g/molAtomic mass of O = 16g/mol118.71 + [32 + 16(4)]2
= 310.83g/mol
Therefore, the formula mass of tin(iv) sulfate is 310.83g/mol
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The formula mass of tin(IV) sulfate (Sn(SO₄)₂) is approximately 310.83 g/mol, expressed with five significant figures .
To calculate the formula mass of tin(IV) sulfate, sum the atomic masses of its constituent atoms: tin, sulfur, and oxygen.
The total formula mass is 310.83 g/mol. This calculation includes atomic masses for one tin atom, two sulfur atoms, and eight oxygen atoms.To calculate the formula mass of tin(IV) sulfate (Sn(SO₄)₂), we need to sum the atomic masses of all the atoms in its chemical formula.Using the atomic masses rounded to two decimal places:
Tin (Sn): 118.71 g/molSulfur (S): 32.07 g/molOxygen (O): 16.00 g/molThe chemical formula Sn(SO₄)₂ indicates one tin atom, two sulfur atoms, and eight oxygen atoms. The computation is as follows:
Formula Mass Calculation:
Tin: 1 x 118.71 g/mol = 118.71 g/molSulfur: 2 x 32.07 g/mol = 64.14 g/molOxygen: 8 x 16.00 g/mol = 128.00 g/molTotal Formula Mass:
118.71 g/mol + 64.14 g/mol + 128.00 g/mol = 310.83 g/mol
Therefore, the formula mass for tin(IV) sulfate is 310.83 g/mol.
What are multiple things combined to produce a product that is different from the parts that are used to make it
What is the bond type of CaO
Iodine Trichloride formula
Answer: ICI3
Explanation: A Pex... Hope This Helps
what is one way to describe elements?
A. building blocks
B. they break down easily
C. smallest particles of material
D. they are the most expensive materials on earth
What are 3 signs that a chemical change (chemical reaction) has taken or is taking place?
Consider the ionic compound magnesium acetate. How many electrons does the magnesium ion have
Final answer:
A magnesium ion (Mg2+) has 10 electrons after losing 2 valence electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, resembling the noble gas neon.
Explanation:
The question asks about the number of electrons in a magnesium ion found in magnesium acetate. In the process of forming an ion, a magnesium atom, which normally has 12 electrons, loses two electrons to achieve a stable electronic arrangement, resembling that of the noble gas neon. This loss of electrons results in the formation of a magnesium ion with a 2+ charge, denoted as Mg2+. Therefore, a magnesium ion possesses 10 electrons.
Magnesium's behavior exemplifies a typical property of metals in which they lose electrons to form positive ions or cations. This is consistent across various magnesium compounds, whether it forms magnesium acetate with acetate anions or magnesium oxide with oxide anions, illustrating the metallic character of magnesium in forming cations through the loss of its valence electrons.
Explain why the quantum number set (3,2,-3,+1/2) is not possible for an electron in a ground state atom
Answer:
The electron spin can only take place in opposite directions.
Explanation:
The angular momentum of a quantum number deals with the shape of the atomic orbital. Each orbital has a specific shape. In addition, the electrons have specific spin directions. let's say a quantum number, m is having two three shells. It means that:
number of shells, n = 3.
The level will be 3
the possible spins will be 0, 1, 2.
This takes place in the negative direction as well to give:
-2 , -1, 0, 1, 2
Thus, 3,2,-3,+1/2 cannot be a quantum number as it does not have a equal and opposite spin.
Trouton's rule does not apply to water because in the liquid, water molecules are held together by an extensive network of hydrogen bonds. provide a molecular interpretation for the observation that trouton's rule underestimates the value of the entropy of vaporization of water
the molecular interpretation is not suitable for the assumption that there are much more interactions in the intermolecular level
We must account for the breaking/creation of hydrogen bondings, which is not the scope of the equilibria made in trouton's analysis
In which step of scientific method is information obtained through the senses?
An ion from a given element has 22 protons and 18 electrons. what is the charge on the ion?
The charge on the ion is +4.
What is an ion?An ion is an atom or group of atoms where the number of electrons are not equal to the number of protons. To put it in a simple words, when a stable atom gains or loses an electron, it becomes an ion. Examples of ions are as follows: H+,Na+,Ca2+,F−,O2−For a single atom, the charge is the number of protons minus the number of electrons.
Charge = Proton - electron
= 22 - 18
= +4
Hence, the charge on the ion is +4.
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Select all of the answers that apply. Without its atmosphere, Earth would be _____. warmer bombarded by meteorites similar to Mars relatively lifeless
The answer is B, C and D
Which compound has the highest carbon-carbon bond strength? which compound has the highest carbon-carbon bond strength? hcch ch2ch2 ch3ch3 all bond strengths are the same?