Do liquids expand when they freeze

Final answer:

The hydrosphere is the Earth's water system that interacts with the sun to influence weather patterns through the water cycle, including evaporation and condensation.

Explanation:

When the sun impacts weather, an interaction with the hydrosphere takes place. It is essential to understand that the hydrosphere, which includes all the Earth's water, is not an isolated system but interacts dynamically with other global systems such as the atmosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. These interactions are part of what is known as the water cycle.

The sun is the primary energy source driving the water cycle by heating water in the hydrosphere, causing it to evaporate. When water vapor cools, it condenses, forming clouds and eventually falling back to Earth as precipitation, such as rain or snow. This continuous movement of water through the hydrosphere and the energy changes accompanying it significantly influence weather patterns on Earth.

Understanding these physical processes is key to studying the intricate and interdependent nature of Earth's systems, which collectively impact our global climate and environment. The hydrosphere, being a critical component of Earth's systems, plays a central role in weather and climate regulation due to its interaction with the sun's energy.

Answer:  We call it "first quarter" because the moon has traveled about a quarter of the way around Earth since the new moon. Waxing gibbous: The area of illumination continues to increase.

Explanation:

the middle of the day and sets around the middle of the night in most areas. In general, people see the First Quarter also A first quarter moon rises around noon and sets around midnight. You'll likely spot it in late afternoon or early evening, high up in the sky. At this moon phase, the moon is showing us precisely half of its lighted half.

Answer:

Honestly, while Hydrogen appears to be in group 1, it really isn't. It is unique, and has no characteristics similar to others, especially to the alkali metals in group 1 and halogens in group 17.  

Hydrogen only shares one thing with alkali metals. It has one electron in the outermost shell, and has a valency of one. As far as halogens go, Hydrogen is a reducing agent, and halogens are known for being oxidizing agents.

So, I can say that more research needs to be done on Hydrogen. In the meantime, it is quite unique. Thanks!

Answer:

The difference in mass between 3.01×10^24 atoms of gold and a gold bar with the dimensions 6.00 cm X 4.25 cm X 2.00 cm is :

Difference  in mass = 985.32 - 984.5 = 0.82 g

Explanation:

Part I :

[tex]n =\frac{3.01\times 10^{24}}{6.022\times 10^{23}}[/tex]

n = 4.9983

n = 4.99 moles

(Note : You can also take n = 5 mole )

Molar mass of gold = 196.96 g/mole

This means, 1 mole of gold(Au) contain = 196.96 grams

So, 4.99 moles of gold contain = [tex]5\times 196.96[/tex] g

4.99 moles of gold contain = 984.8 g

Mass of [tex]{3.01\times 10^{24}}[/tex] atoms of gold = 984.5 g

Part II :

Density of Gold = [tex]19.32 g/cm^{3}[/tex]

Volume of the cuboid = [tex]length\times breadth\times height[/tex]

Volume of the gold bar =[tex]6.00\times 4.25\times 2.00[/tex]

Volume of the gold bar = 51[tex]cm^{3}[/tex]

Using formula,

[tex]Density = \frac{mass}{Volume}[/tex]

[tex]Mass = Density\times Volume[/tex]

[tex]Mass = 19.32 \times 51[/tex]

Mass = 985.32 g

So, A  gold bar with the dimensions 6.00 cm X 4.25 cm X 2.00 cm has mass of 985.32 g

Difference  in mass = 985.32 - 984.5 = 0.82 g

Answer:

Element Symbol Atomic weight Atoms Mass percent

Carbon C                  12.0107               1              23.7894

Hydrogen H         1.00794                3         5.9892

Chlorine Cl                 35.453                 1       70.2213

Explanation:

Final answer:

The percentage of the mass of 1 mole of CH3Cl derived from carbon is 23.79%, which is calculated by dividing the molar mass of carbon by the total molar mass of CH3Cl and multiplying by 100.

Explanation:

To calculate what percentage of the mass of 1 mole of CH3Cl is derived from carbon, we first determine the molar mass of CH3Cl. The molar mass of carbon (C) is approximately 12.01 g/mol, hydrogen (H) is 1.01 g/mol, and for chlorine (Cl), it is approximately 35.45 g/mol. Thus, the molar mass of CH3Cl is calculated as:

Carbon: 12.01 g/mol

Hydrogen: 1.01 g/mol × 3 = 3.03 g/mol

Chlorine: 35.45 g/mol

Adding these together gives the total molar mass of CH3Cl as 50.49 g/mol. To find what percentage of this mass is due to carbon, we divide the mass of carbon by the total molar mass and multiply by 100:

Percentage of carbon = (12.01 / 50.49) × 100 = 23.79%

Therefore, carbon constitutes 23.79% of the mass of 1 mole of CH3Cl.

The middle number in set is called median, D is the answer.

Hope this helps.

Answer:

Lithium nitrate and water are product of given reaction.

Explanation:

Word equation:

Nitric acid + lithium hydroxide →  Lithium nitrate + water

Chemical equation:

HNO₃ + LiOH  →  LiNO₃ + H₂O

The given reaction is balanced. There are two hydrogen, four oxygen, one lithium and one nitrogen atoms are present on both side of equation.

This reaction completely follow the law of conservation of mass.

Law of conservation of mass:

According to the law of conservation mass, mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical equation.

This law was given by french chemist  Antoine Lavoisier in 1789. According to this law mass of reactant and mass of product must be equal, because masses are not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Answer:

C. I, III , IV

Explanation:

As we move from left to right across the periodic table the number of valance electrons in an atom increase. The atomic size tend to decrease in same period of periodic table because the electrons are added with in the same shell. When the electron are added, at the same time protons are also added in the nucleus. The positive charge is going to increase and this charge is greater in effect than the charge of electrons. This effect lead to the greater nuclear attraction. The electrons are pull towards the nucleus and valance shell get closer to the nucleus. As a result of this greater nuclear attraction atomic radius decreases and ionization energy increases because it is very difficult to remove the electron from atom and more energy is required.

As we move down the group atomic radii increased with increase of atomic number. The addition of electron in next level cause the atomic radii to increased. The hold of nucleus on valance shell become weaker because of shielding of electrons thus size of atom increased.

As the size of atom increases the ionization energy from top to bottom also  decreases because it becomes easier to remove the electron because of less nuclear attraction and as more electrons are added the outer electrons becomes more shielded and away from nucleus.

Ionization energy increases across a period and decreases down a group on the periodic table due to changes in atomic radius and nuclear charge. Successive ionization energies for a single element also increase because it's harder to remove each successive electron. There is a significant leap in ionization energy when removing a core electron as opposed to a valence electron.

The ionization energy of an element is the energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom. Generally, the ionization energy increases across a period and decreases down a group on the periodic table. This is due to variations in atomic radius and nuclear charge. As you move across a period, atomic radius decreases, while nuclear charge increases, making the electrons more tightly bound to the nucleus, thus increasing ionization energy.

When it comes to successive ionization energies for a single element, it increases as it's harder to remove each successive electron. For instance, when you compare IE₁ for Al and IE₁ for Tl, you will find that IE₁(Tl) < IE₁(Al) because the 6p¹ electron from Tl is easier to remove than the 3p¹ electron from Al.

An important trend to remember is that ionization energy significantly increases when removing a core electron compared to a valence electron due to the greater attraction to the nucleus. As a result, the second ionization energy for sodium, for instance, which removes a core electron, is much higher than its first ionization energy which removes a valence electron.

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Answer:

Roman numbering in IUPAC naming system

Explanation:

This is quite an open question. Let's firstly separate the periodic table into two standard groups: group A elements and group B elements (transition metals).

The charge (or the oxidation state) of an element in group A can be identified by the group number. For example, group 1A elements would always have a charge of +1, as they have only one valence electron to lose.

Similar trend applies to group 2A: each element in that group would have a charge of +2, as each atom has 2 valence electrons to lose to become a cation.

You will notice that this is true fro group 3A and group 4A as well. Now, since an octet is the desired state for any species, starting with group 5A, it's easier to gain 3 electrons for species than lose 5 electrons to obtain an octer, meaning we'd expect -3 oxidation state for group 5A elements, -2 oxidation state for group 6A elements and -1 oxidation state for group 7A elements.

Notice that in the majority of cases, this is the standard trend and we'd generally only have one predominant oxidation state.

Considering group B, the transition metals, most of them have several oxidation states. That's why we usually memorize the ones which only have one oxidation state (such as zinc, silver) and in any other case when a transition metal has several oxidation states, they're identified in the name by using Roman numbering system.

Let's look at an example. Assume the problem states we have a salt which is iron chloride. This would be an improper name, as iron has two oxidation states: +2 and +3. That's why we have the rules of IUPAC naming to avoid ambiguity. If we had iron with an oxidation state of +2, we'd call the salt iron(II) chloride. An oxidation state of +3 would indicate iron(III) chloride.

To summarize, the main key of knowing the charge of a transition metal in a compound is to follow the IUPAC naming rules.

Answer:it’s d the answer is d

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

I have never used this representation before, but I think first of all the figure has 7 Carbons at each joint and 1 carbon at each end. If you count from the left side, the methyl is attached to the second joint, which makes it 2-methylheptane.

D is correct, or at least I agree with you.

Answer:

D.

Explanation:

I took this test as a freshman and this was the only question of 4 that I can remember

The example that best shows conservation of resources is recycling aluminum cans and glass bottles.

Conservation refers to the wise and judicious use of resources to make them available for future use.

Conservation of resources can include any way by which resources are not wasted or are utilized effectively.

One way in which conservation is achieved is recycling of use products. Therefore, the example that best shows conservation of resources is recycling aluminum cans and glass bottles.

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Only half of the moon is lit up as it makes its revolution around the earth.

The surface of the moon reflects the light incident from the sun and that is what makes the moon bright and shiny. While making its revolution around the earth, whatever is its position in the trajectory, only half of its entire surface is facing the sun and thus only half of the moon is lit up; the other half is always on the shadow side.  

What accounts for the differed brightness and shapes as observed from the earth is its position with respect to earth and the sun and this changes each day. When the sun, the earth and the moon all are in a straight line, the moon appears to be the brightest giving a Full moon and when it is between the sun and earth, the lit side is facing opposite to earth and thus it is not visible to us; giving rise to a New moon.  

Answer:

D)applied

Explanation:

Answer:

i think the answer is unbalanced

Explanation:

Answer: By atomic number

Answer:

According to the atomic number or number of proton

Explanation:

Answer:

Both of them will hit the water at the same time.

Explanation:

The time taken to hit the water is given by:

Let H be the height of the bridge.

[tex]H=ut+\frac{1}{2}gt^{2}\\\\Initial\:Velocity=u=0\\\\H=\frac{1}{2}gt^{2}\\\\t=\sqrt{2gH}[/tex]

The time taken to hit the water does not depend on the weight of the object.

It only depends on the height of the bridge.

Since, both the objects are dropped from the same bridge, they will hit the water at the same time.

Answer:

The mass of an object  is 0.6122 Kg

Explanation:

Given:

Acceleration  = 9.8 m/s

Force  = 58.8 N

To Find:

Mass of an object = ?

Solution:

We know that according to newtons 2nd law

Force is the product of the mass and acceleration

F= ma

where

F = Force

m = mass

a =  Acceleration

Substituting the values,

58.8 = m X  9.8

[tex]m= \frac{58.8}{9.8}[/tex]

m = 0.6122 kg

Answer: option C - The cells produced at the end of meiosis contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Explanation:

Meiosis is also known as REDUCTIVE DIVISION, simply because a parent cell with diploid number of chromosome (46) is divided into four daughter cells with haploid number of chromosome (23)

Thus, ONLY option C correctly defines meiosis

At the end of meiosis, produced cells contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Option C is correct.

Meiosis:

It is division in which cell divide into 4 haploid daughter cells.

Therefore, at the end of meiosis, produced cells contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

To know more about Meiosis,

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Answer:

As the options for the question not given, lets try to answer this question generally.

Explanation:

A reliable source can be described as an authentic source which proves or declines an action, research etc.

The most reliable source for scientific information is scientific papers. This is because scientific papers are subjected to peer- review and hence been tested and validated. A peer-review can be described as a judgement or test made by a person on other peoples research, both of the people having equal caliber.

Answer:

It cites valid data because a reliable scientific source needs data to back up what they’re proving.

Explanation:

Answer:

Because of the reaction stoichiometry (detailed information given below).

Explanation:

Well, reaction stoichiometry determines relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. For example, if the relationship between reactants and/or products is 1 to 1 (e.g. CO + H2O => CO2 + H2), the product is produced as much as the limiting reactant(s) (which is less than the other one in amount) consumed. For example, if 3 moles CO mixed with 0.5 moles of O2 (so O2 is limiting reactant in this case), 0.5 CO2 and 0.5 H2 are produced and 2.5 moles of CO and 0 moles of O2 (because all of O2 consumed) are left over. So, it can be concluded that the reaction stoichiometry has a direct relationship with the amount of the product and the amount of each reactant left over.

The amount of product and leftover reactants in a chemical reaction is determined by the mole ratios of the reactants, based on stoichiometry.

The amount of product and leftover reactants in a chemical reaction depend on the mole ratios of the reactants.

This concept is part of stoichiometry, which examines the numerical relationships between reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation.

Typically, one reactant will be completely consumed first, known as the limiting reactant, determining the amount of product formed, while the other reactants may be left over in varying amounts.

For example, in the reaction between hydrogen gas (H₂) and oxygen gas (O₂) to form water (H₂O), mixing 2 moles of H₂ with 1 mole of O₂ would use up all reactants perfectly, producing 2 moles of H₂O. However, if we mixed 3 moles of H₂ with 1 mole of O₂, H₂ would be in excess and only 2 moles of H₂ would react, leaving 1 mole of H₂ unreacted.

Answer: A.

Explanation: A chemical reaction is a chemical change that occurs when two or more substances combine to form a new substance . Photosynthesis turns carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and carbohydrates, therefore a chemical change occurs.

Answer:

A. Because a new substance is formed.

Answer:

The answer is TRUE!!!

Explanation:

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Answer:

1. Double displacement reaction

2. Trisodium phosphate and potassium hydroxide

3. Sodium hydroxide and Potassium phosphate

Explanation:

1)

The given chemical reaction is as follows.

[tex]Na_{3}PO_{4}+KOH\rightarrow NaOH+K_{3}PO_{4}[/tex]

The balanced chemical reaction is as follows.

[tex]Na_{3}PO_{4}+3KOH\rightarrow 3NaOH+K_{3}PO_{4}[/tex]

In the above reaction two reactants are exchange their cations. Therefore, it is a double displacement reaction.

2)

[tex]Na_{3}PO_{4}+3KOH\rightarrow 3NaOH+K_{3}PO_{4}[/tex]

In the above reaction left side of the reaction is considered as reactants.

[tex]Na_{3}PO_{4}[/tex] - Trisodium phosphate

[tex]KOH[/tex] - Potassium hydroxide

3)

[tex]Na_{3}PO_{4}+3KOH\rightarrow 3NaOH+K_{3}PO_{4}[/tex]

In the above reaction right side of the reaction is considered as products.

[tex]NaOH[/tex] - Sodium hydroxide

[tex]K_{3}PO_{4}[/tex] - Potassium phosphate.

Answer:

Frequency = 4.74 × 10¹⁴ Hz

Explanation:

Given data:

Wavelength of light = 633 nm (633 ×10⁻⁹ m)

Frequency of light = ?

Solution:

Speed of light = wavelength × frequency

Frequency = Speed of light / wavelength

Speed of light = 3 × 10⁸ m/s

Frequency = 3 × 10⁸ m/s / 633 ×10⁻⁹ m

Frequency = 0.00474 × 10¹⁷ s⁻¹

Frequency = 4.74 × 10¹⁴s⁻¹

s⁻¹ = Hz

Frequency = 4.74 × 10¹⁴ Hz

The frequency of light with a wavelength of 633 nm is approximately 4.73 x 10^14 Hz. This is obtained by dividing the speed of light by the wavelength.

The frequency of light can be determined using the equation for the speed of light, which states that the speed of light (c) is equal to its frequency (v) multiplied by its wavelength (λ). The formula is expressed as c = λv.

In this case, the speed of light is typically about 3.00 x 10^8 m/s, and the wavelength is given as 633 nm, which is equivalent to 633 x 10^-9 m.

The equation is rearranged to solve for frequency, thus becoming v = c / λ.

Using these values in the formula, we get frequency v as approximately 4.73 x 10^14 Hz. Hence, the correct answer is option (C).

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Answer:

S-block

Explanation:

As we move from left to right across the periodic table the number of valance electrons in an atom increase. The atomic size tend to decrease in same period of periodic table because the electrons are added with in the same shell. When the electron are added, at the same time protons are also added in the nucleus. The positive charge is going to increase and this charge is greater in effect than the charge of electrons. This effect lead to the greater nuclear attraction. The electrons are pull towards the nucleus and valance shell get closer to the nucleus thus electronegativity increases.

As a result of this greater nuclear attraction atomic radius decreases and ionization energy increases because it is very difficult to remove the electron from atom and more energy is required.

S-block is present on left side of periodic table while d-block is on the right side thus as we move from s to d block electronegativity increases,

Answer:

1. There should be a sufficient amount of the selected isotope in the rock.

2. There should be more than one unstable isotope in the rock.

Explanation:

Use the proses of elimination!

Before choosing an unstable isotope, Sully must consider the half-life of the isotope, which must be long enough to capture the age of the rock, and the sufficiency of the amount of the chosen isotope present in the rock. The rate of decay, presence in neighboring rocks or existence of more unstable isotopes are not primary concerns.

Sully, a geologist, should consider the following two aspects before choosing an unstable isotope for determining the absolute age of a rock sample. First, the isotope must have a long enough half-life to accurately capture the age of the rock. For example, if the rock is several million years old, the isotope chosen should have a half-life in that ballpark to provide effective dating. Second, there should be a sufficient amount of the chosen isotope present in the rock. The abundance of the isotope is crucial, as too small an amount may result in inaccurate dating. On the contrary, the isotope doesn't necessarily need to decay at a fast rate or be absent in neighboring rocks to produce accurate results. Also, having more than one unstable isotope in the rock isn't a mandatory requirement.

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Answer:

2NaOH + H2CO3 —> Na2CO3 + 2H2O

Explanation:

To balance the equation NaOH + H₂CO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O, introduce a coefficient of 2 before NaOH and H2O resulting in the balanced chemical equation 2NaOH + H₂CO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + 2H₂O

To balance the chemical equation NaOH + H2CO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O, we need to ensure that the number of atoms of each element on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms of that element on the product side. The original equation is already balanced with respect to carbon and oxygen, but not with sodium and hydrogen. By changing the coefficient for NaOH to 2, the equation becomes balanced for sodium. Hence, the balanced chemical equation is:

2NaOH + H₂CO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O

Now equation is imbalanced with oxygen and hydrogen. To balance the equation with respect to oxygen and hydrogen coefficient 2 is introduced before H2O. Hence, the balanced chemical equation is:

2NaOH + H₂CO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + 2H₂O

The final balanced chemical equation is 2NaOH + H₂CO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + 2H₂O

Answer:

0.13 grams

Explanation:

This conversion of 1.3 decigrams to grams has been calculated by multiplying 1.3 decigrams by 0.1 and the result is 0.13 grams.

Answer:

0.13 GRAMS~

Explanation:

Answer:

C

Explanation:

The curie specifies the amount of ionizing radiation energy that is emitted from an unstable isotope as it decays.

Answer:

Unit of radioactive disintegration

Explanation: