Explain why a model of the atom is crucial to understanding chemistry and in explaining the behavior of matter. Please, do not answer it fully but please explain it out and help me understand! thank you

To determine the percent ionization of the acid given, we make use of the acid equilibrium constant (Ka) given. It is the ratio of the equilibrium concentrations of the dissociated ions and the acid. The dissociation reaction of the HF acid would be as follows:

HA = H+ + A-

The acid equilibrum constant would be expressed as follows:

Ka = [H+][A-] / [HA] = 8.4 x 10^-7

To determine the equilibrium concentrations we use the ICE table,
         HF             H+              A-
I      0.10           0                 0
C      -x              +x               +x
---------------------------------------------
E    0.10-x        x                   x 

8.4 x 10^-7= [H+][A-] / [HA] 
8.4 x 10^-7 = [x][x] / [0.10-x] 

Solving for x,

x = 0.0002894 = [H+] = [A-]

percent ionization = 0.0002894 / 0.10 x 100  = 0.289%

Answer: The correct answer is [tex]Cl_2O_5+H_2O\rightarrow 2HClO_3[/tex]

Explanation:

Combination reaction is defined as the type of reaction in which teo smaller compounds join or combine together to form a large compound.

General representation is given by:

[tex]A+B\rightarrow AB[/tex]

A balanced chemical equation always follow law of conservation of mass. The law states that the total number of individual atoms on the reactant side is always equal to the total number of atoms on the product side.

From the given options:

The equation that is an example of balanced combination reaction is

[tex]Cl_2O_5+H_2O\rightarrow 2HClO_3[/tex]

Carbon's valence electrons feel a greater effective nuclear charge than those of a Boron atom because Carbon has one more proton without significantly increasing the shielding effect, leading to a stronger pull on the valence electrons.

The question asks which element's valence electrons feel a greater effective nuclear charge than those of a Boron (B) atom. To answer this, one must understand how shielding and effective nuclear charge work. As we go from left to right across a period in the periodic table, while the number of core electrons remains the same, the nuclear charge increases. This means the valence electrons feel a stronger pull from the nucleus since they are not effectively shielded by the same number of core electrons. Comparing Boron with Aluminum (Al), Beryllium (Be), Hydrogen (H), and Carbon (C), we find that Carbon, having one more proton than Boron, does not increase the shielding effect significantly, which leads to its valence electrons feeling a greater effective nuclear charge than Boron's. Therefore, Carbon (C) is the correct response.

Among salts, alcohols, carboxylic acids and bases, only alcohols and carboxylic acids qualify as functional groups or families of organic compounds, because of their relevant functional groups. Salts and bases are excluded in this context.

From the list you provided - salts, alcohols, carboxylic acids and bases, the types that are classified as functional groups or families of organic compounds are alcohols and carboxylic acids. Salts and bases are important in various chemical processes but do not fall into the category of organic compounds' functional groups. A functional group is essentially an atom or a group of atoms that determine the physical and chemical properties of a molecule. For instance, ethyl alcohol belongs to the alcohol family because of the presence of the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group, while formic acid is in the carboxylic acid family thanks to its carboxyl (-COOH) group.

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The molar mass of (NH₄)₂O (ammonium oxide) is 52.10 g/mol.

To calculate the molar mass of (NH₄)₂O (ammonium oxide), we need to determine the total sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in the chemical formula.

The atomic masses are as follows:

N (Nitrogen) = 14.01 g/mol

H (Hydrogen) = 1.01 g/mol

O (Oxygen) = 16.00 g/mol

Now, let's calculate the molar mass of (NH₄)₂O:

Molar mass of (NH₄)₂O = (2 x N) + (8 x H) + (1 x O)

Molar mass of (NH₄)₂O = (2 x 14.01 g/mol) + (8 x 1.01 g/mol) + (1 x 16.00 g/mol)

Molar mass of (NH₄)₂O = 28.02 g/mol + 8.08 g/mol + 16.00 g/mol

Molar mass of (NH₄)₂O = 52.10 g/mol

So, the molar mass of (NH₄)₂O (ammonium oxide) is approximately 52.10 g/mol.

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Answer: ketone

Explanation:

Functional groups are specific group of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

1. Amides have functional group [tex]-O=C-NH_2[/tex].

Example: Ethanamide with molecular formula [tex]CH_3CONH_2[/tex]

2. Aldehydes have functional group [tex]-O=CH[/tex].

Example: Ethanal with molecular formula [tex]CH_3CHO[/tex]

3. Ketones have functional group [tex]-C=O[/tex].

Example: Propanone with molecular formula [tex]CH_3COCH_3[/tex]

4. Esters have functional group [tex]-O=C-OR[/tex].

Example: methyl ethanoate with molecular formula [tex]CH_3COOCH_3[/tex]

Answers

Mg > Ca

P > As

C <N

Br < Cl

Final answer:

Using the periodic table, one can predict that the order of increasing electronegativity for Mg, P, C, and Br is Mg < Br < C < P. Mg is a metal, while P, C, and Br are nonmetals.

Explanation:

The question involves using the periodic table to determine the relative electronegativity of elements. Electronegativity increases from the lower left to the upper right of the periodic table. Hence, we can predict the relative electronegativity for the elements given:

Therefore, the order from lowest to highest electronegativity is Mg < Br < C < P.

Regarding classification:

Anwser:

The correct option is A.

Explnation:

The dependent variable is the variable that is measured during the experiment, it is the  variable that is affected during the experiment. Experiments are design in such a way that the dependent variable depends on and respond to independent variable.

Answer:

A.

key words: intensive, does not depend on sample size

Explanation:

The chemistry question involves a reaction of HCl and O2 to form H2O and Cl2. This involves principles of stoichiometry and energy dynamics, as well as the concept of limiting reactants.

The reaction being described here is a chemical reaction where hydrochloric acid (HCl) and oxygen (O2) react to form water (H2O) and chlorine gas (Cl2). Because 59.6g of Cl2 are formed when 63.1g of HCl reacts with 17.2g of O2, this reaction demonstrates the concept of stoichiometry, where the amount of reactants determines the amount of product formed. We can also talk about the energy changes during this reaction. For example, when H-Cl bonds are formed, energy is released. Therefore this is also an exothermic reaction.

Further, it looks like this situation involves a limiting reactant, since there seems to be excess HCl or O2 left over after the reaction is complete. This is because the ratios of the reactants are important in determining how much product is produced. Here, it seems either HCl or O2 was in excess and hence remained unreacted at the end of the reaction.

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HCl is the limiting reactant. The theoretical yield of Cl₂ is 61.37 g, and the percent yield is 75.1%.

To determine the limiting reactant, theoretical yield, and percent yield for the reaction between HCl and O₂, follow these steps:

The balanced reaction is:

4 HCl(g) + O₂(g) → 2 H₂O(l) + 2 Cl₂(g)

First, calculate the moles of HCl and O2:

Using the stoichiometric ratio from the balanced equation:

Since only 1.73 mol of HCl are available, HCl is the limiting reactant. Hence, HCl is the limiting reactant.

From the balanced equation, 4 mol HCl produces 2 mol Cl₂. Therefore:

Convert moles of Cl₂ to grams:

The theoretical yield of Cl₂ is 61.37 g.

The percent yield is given by:

The percent yield of Cl₂ is 75.1%

Complete Question.

Consider the reaction between HCl and O2: 4HCl(g)+O2(g)→2H2O(l)+2Cl2(g) When 63.1 g of HCl are allowed to react with 17.2 g of O2, 46.1 g of Cl2 are collected.

A. Determine the limiting reactant for the reaction.

Express your answer as a chemical formula.

B. Determine the theoretical yield of Cl2 for the reaction.

C. Determine the percent yield for the reaction.

Final answer:

The Coriolis effect, caused by Earth's rotation, deflects surface ocean currents to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, influencing global current patterns and gyre circulation.

Explanation:

The deflection of surface ocean currents in different hemispheres is caused by the Coriolis effect. Earth's rotation makes objects like wind and water currents appear to curve from their initially straight paths. In the Northern Hemisphere, this results in currents deflecting to the right, and in the Southern Hemisphere, currents deflect to the left.

There are circular patterns in both hemispheres, called gyres, that are affected by this phenomenon. Currents within these gyres flow clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. The Coriolis effect influences these gyres and is responsible for the direction of the currents.

The electromagnetic force or Coulomb force is the primary force of attraction that holds the electron in the hydrogen atom. The relatively massive proton at the atom's center, and the less massive electron orbiting around it, interact due to their opposite charges, creating an electromagnetic attraction. Additionally, the orbiting electron generates a magnetic field, which contributes to the atom's interaction with external magnetic fields.

The force of attraction that holds the electron in a hydrogen atom is the electromagnetic force, also known as the Coulomb force. This force arises due to the interaction between the positively charged proton and the negatively charged electron. It is this attraction that keeps the electron in orbit around the nucleus of the atom, similar to the gravitational pull of the Earth on the Moon.

In Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, the electron moves in a perfectly circular orbit around the proton due to this attraction. Although this is a simplified model, it illustrates the primary force keeping the electron bound to the atom. The fact that the proton is around 1800 times more massive than the electron ensures that the proton moves very little in response to the force applied by the electron.

In addition, the atom possesses a magnetic field due to the movement of the electron in its orbit. This magnetic field also plays a decisive role in the interactions of the hydrogen atom with external magnetic fields.

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Answer:

The average KE = 312 J/mol

Explanation:

Given:

Temperature of the gas, T = 285 K

Gas constant, R = 8.314 J/K-mol

To determine:

The average kinetic energy of the gas

Explanation:

Based on the kinetic theory of gases, the average kinetic energy is given as:

[tex]KE = \frac{3}{2} RT\\[/tex]

In this case:

[tex]KE = \frac{3}{2} *8.314\ J/K-mol * 285\ K = 312 J/mol[/tex]

When 194.7g of potassium chlorate is fully decomposed, it produces 76.26g of oxygen gas.

The decomposition of potassium chlorate (KClO3) when heated produces potassium chloride (KCl) and oxygen (O2). But first, we need to balance the chemical equation. A balanced equation of this chemical reaction is 2KClO3 -> 2KCl + 3O2 which means 2 moles of potassium chlorate produce 3 moles of oxygen.

The molar mass of KClO3 is 39.1 (K) + 35.5 (Cl) + (16.0 x 3)(O) = 122.6 g/mol. Given 194.7g of KClO3, the moles of KClO3 = 194.7g / 122.6 g/mol = 1.59 moles.

From the balanced equation, we know that 2 moles of KClO3 produces 3 moles of O2. Therefore, 1.59 moles of KClO3 will produce (1.59/2)*3 = 2.38 moles of O2. Finally, by multiplying the moles of O2 by its molar mass (32 g/mol), we get the mass of oxygen that gets produced = 2.38 * 32 = 76.26 g.

So, when fully decomposed, 194.7g of potassium chlorate will produce 76.26g of oxygen gas.

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Answer: two layer liquid (bilayer)

Explanation:

First of all let me explain a few terms

Hydrophobic side: means water disliking part... From the phobia.

Hydrophilic side means water loving side.

So the phospholipid have this two parts. When you shake it in water, the hydrophilic part will interact and mix with water while the hydrophobic part will just float and separated into two layers.. Just like pouring groundnut oil into water.

The net ionic equation for the reaction is as follows:[tex]\boxed{{\text{SO}}_4^{2 - }\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{S}}{{\text{r}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right) \to {\text{SrS}}{{\text{O}}_4}\left( s \right)}[/tex]

Further Explanation:

Double displacement reaction is defined as the reaction in which ions of two compound interchange with each other to form the product. For example, the general double displacement reaction between two compound AX and BY is as follows:

[tex]{\text{AX}} + {\text{BY}} \to {\text{AY}} + {\text{BX}}[/tex]

The three types of equations that are used to represent the chemical reaction are as follows:

1. Molecular equation

2. Total ionic equation

3. Net ionic equation

The molecular equation represents the reactants and products of the ionic reaction in undissociated form. In total ionic equation, all the dissociated ions that are present in the reaction mixture are represented and in net ionic reaction, the useful ions that participate in the reaction are represented.

The steps to write the net ionic reaction are as follows:

Step 1: Write the molecular equation for the reaction with the phases in the bracket.

In the reaction, [tex]{\text{MgS}}{{\text{O}}_4}[/tex] reacts with [tex]{\text{Sr}}{\left( {{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}} \right)_2}[/tex] to form [tex]{\text{SrS}}{{\text{O}}_4}[/tex] and [tex]{\text{Mg}}{\left( {{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}} \right)_2}[/tex]. The balanced molecular equation of the reaction is as follows:

[tex]{\text{MgS}}{{\text{O}}_4}\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{Sr}}{\left( {{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}} \right)_2}\left( {aq} \right) \to {\text{SrS}}{{\text{O}}_4}\left( s \right) + {\text{Mg}}{\left( {{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}} \right)_2}\left( {aq} \right)[/tex]

Step 2: Dissociate all the compounds with the aqueous phase to write the total ionic equation. The compounds with solid phase remain same. The total ionic equation is as follows:

[tex]{\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{SO}}_4^{2 - }\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{S}}{{\text{r}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right) + 2{\text{NO}}_3^ - \left( {aq} \right) \to {\text{SrS}}{{\text{O}}_4}\left( s \right) + {\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right) + 2{\text{NO}}_3^ - \left( {aq} \right)[/tex]

Step 3: The common ions on both the sides of the reaction get cancelled out to get the net ionic equation.

[tex]\boxed{{\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right)} + {\text{SO}}_4^{2 - }\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{S}}{{\text{r}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right) + \boxed{2{\text{NO}}_3^ - \left( {aq} \right)} \to {\text{SrS}}{{\text{O}}_4}\left( s \right) + \boxed{{\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right)} + \boxed{2{\text{NO}}_3^ - \left( {aq} \right)}[/tex]

Therefore, the net ionic equation obtained is as follows:

[tex]{\text{SO}}_4^{2 - }\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{S}}{{\text{r}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right) \to {\text{SrS}}{{\text{O}}_4}\left( s \right)[/tex]

Learn more:

1. Balanced chemical equation: https://brainly.com/question/1405182

2. Oxidation and reduction reaction: https://brainly.com/question/2973661

Answer details:  

Grade: High School  

Subject: Chemistry  

Chapter: Chemical reaction and equation

Keywords: Double displacement reaction, types of equation, molecular equation, total ionic equation, net ionic equation, MgSO4, Sr(NO3)2, SrSO4,  Mg(NO3)2.

The net ionic equation for the reaction of MgSO4 and Sr(NO3)2 is SO4^2- (aq) + Sr^2+ (aq) → SrSO4(s). The other ions, magnesium and nitrate, are considered 'spectator ions' and hence not included in the net ionic equation as they do not take part in the reaction.

The reaction of MgSO4 (magnesium sulfate) and Sr(NO3)2 (strontium nitrate) is a double displacement reaction. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: MgSO4 + Sr(NO3)2 → Mg(NO3)2 + SrSO4.

However, the question asks for the net ionic equation. This involves expressing the reaction in terms of the ions that are present. We first need to know that MgSO4 and Sr(NO3)2 are strong electrolytes and will dissociate into ions in a solution.

When we complete these steps, the net ionic equation for this reaction is: SO4^2- (aq) + Sr^2+ (aq) → SrSO4(s). The other ions are considered 'spectator ions' and are not included in the net ionic equation because they do not participate in the reaction. So the magnesium and nitrate ions are not included in the net ionic equation.

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