A viral genome is studied. It is composed of 33% Adenine, 28% Thymine, 22% Cytosine and 17% Guanine. Predict whether this genome is single or double stranded and whether it is DNA or RNA based.
A) The genome is DNA based and single stranded.
B) The genome is DNA based and double stranded.
C) The genome is RNA based and single stranded.
D) The genome is RNA based and double stranded.
Answer:
A) The genome is DNA based and single stranded.
Explanation:
The reason why it is DNA based is because DNA contains thymine base (T). It is not RNA based because RNA contains uracil base (U) instead of thymine and in the given question there is not uracil mentioned.
It is single stranded because according to Chargaff's rule a double stranded nucleic acid must have the ratio of purine bases to pyrimidine ratio as 1:1.
Adenine (A) & Guanine (G) are purine bases while Thymine (T) & Cytosine (C) are pyrimidine bases so according to Chargaff's rule AG/CT = ~ 1. It means [A+G] = [C+T]
Also, A makes interaction with T while C makes interaction G. It means,
[A] = [T]
[C] = [G]
By this we can easily infer that a double stranded DNA will have as much A as much it has T & same goes with C & G.
But, in the given question, A = 33% while Thymine = 28% which are not equal so this means that this molecule is single stranded.
Cells have receptors on their surfaces to sense their environment and to communicate with other cells. Viruses use these cell receptors to
A. cause the cell to disintegrate, or lyse.
B. insert their genetic material into the cellular genetic material.
C. cause the cell to move to an area well suited for viral replication.
D. enter the cell.
Answer:
D. enter the cell.
Explanation:
The cell surface receptors present at the surface of host cells are used by viruses to enter the cell. During their attachment to the host cell, viruses recognize and bind to the cell surface receptors of the host cells. This is followed by the entry of nucleocapsid or nucleic acid of the virus into the host cell.
In this way, viruses use the cell surface receptors of the host cells during their adsorption to the host cells.
Glucose molecules from food sources provide energy to the cells of the human body. After a person eats, the level of glucose in their blood increases. If a person's blood glucose level becomes too high, a hormone in the pancreas, known as insulin, is released. Insulin helps move glucose out of the bloodstream. This causes the blood glucose level to decrease and return to equilibrium. The production of insulin is a mechanism that regulates the human body's internal environment and aids in A. the storage of genetic information within cells. B. the production of sugar molecules through photosynthesis. C. the production of carbon dioxide through cellular respiration. D. the maintenance of homeostasis within the body system.
Answer:
D. the maintenance of homeostasis within the body system.
Explanation:
Answer:
A: The maintenance of homeostasis within the body system
Explanation:
Study Island
a group of students is asking people to determine whether they use plastic bags
A family has seven sons. The chance that their eighth child will be a daughter is _____. One chance in seven, one chance in eight, one chance in two, practically none
Answer:
they have 7 boys so i would say 1in 8 chance
Explanation:
What codes for proteins?
A. DNA
B. RNA
C. Polypeptides
D. Amino acids
Answer:
D. Amino Acids
Explanation:
DNA and RNA viruses are included in an organism's genome. The genome component that codes for a protein or RNA is called a gene. The protein-coding genes consist of tri-nucleotide units called codons, each with an amino acid code.
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How can you reduce the amount of waste you send to landfills?
Answer:
By reducing , segregating and compressing
Explanation:
The solid waste being sent to the landfill site can be reduced in following ways -
a) Segregating the organic and inorganic waste. Since organic waste can be decomposed, it must be treated separately instead of dumping into landfill.
b) Reducing the volume of solid waste through compressing at waste handling plants instead of directly dumping into land fill sites.
c) All the reusable and recyclable waste such as plastic, paper, glass must also be segregated at the point source.
The main function of cellular respiration is __________.
Answer: The main function of Cellular respiration is to convert glucose into energy source (ATP).
Explanation: Cellular respiration is process in which chemical energy of food is released and turn into ATP. This process incudes three steps: Glycolysis, Kreb Cycle and electron transport chain.
Glucose can not be directly used as energy. By the process of Cellular respiration 1 glucose molecule gives 38 ATP molecules.
Cellular respiration's main function is to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an essential energy source for many cellular processes. This process happens mainly in mitochondria through stages such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Explanation:The main function of cellular respiration is to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an energy-carrying molecule, from glucose and other organic substances within cells. This process, which occurs predominantly in cellular organelles called mitochondria, involves stages such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation. ATP serves as a vital energy source for many cellular processes including movement, cell division, and protein synthesis.
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What must happen before meiosis can begin? A. Four gametes must be produced b. The four tetrads must be pulled apart c. Dna doubles and produces sister chromatids d. The cell membrane pinches together
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The DNA first needs to duplicate in stage Interphase-1.
Answer:C, dna doubles and produces sister chromatids
Explanation:
The phenotype frequency in a population changes after each generation. Which would most likely be causing this?
Answer:
competition between organisms
Explanation:
apex
A difference between monocot and dicot angiosperm flowers that can help identify them is that dicots A. Grow flowers with petals in multiples of 4s and 5s. B. Grow flowers with petals in multiples of 3s. C. Don't grow flowers. D. Don't grow pink flowers.
A difference between monocot and dicot angiosperm flowers that can help identify them is that dicots Grow flowers with petals in multiples of 4s and 5s.
How can dicots and monocots be identified?Dicot flowers have a precise number of sepals, or petals, that make them multicolored. The number of petals in dicots occurs in groups of four or five.Tetramerous flowers have four petals in multiples of four, whereas pentamerous blooms have five petals in multiples of five.Monocots have three sepals and three petals on average. Petaloid or petal-like sepals are defined as having the shape and color of petals in some circumstances. Monocot blooms have six stamens on average.learn more about monocot and dicot here:
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An example of natural selection is the red color of a male cardinal. The females of the species choose mates based on the vibrant colors of the males' feathers. If females begin using different criteria than feather color when they choose mates, what would most likely happen to the color of the male cardinals over time? increased variation in the shades of red because the selection pressure has been relieved increased variation in the shades of red because the cardinals try different ways to impress the females decreased variation in the shades of red because no form of the trait is advantageous decreased variation in the shades of red because the only reason for variation was selection pressure
Answer:
decreased variation in the shades of red because no form of the trait is advantageous
Explanation:
The last option also seems correct, but selections is somehow aleatory. You cannot consider "reason" as a factor.
Answer:
The correcta answer is opcion B). "decreased variation in the shades of red because no form of the trait is advantageous".
Explanation:
If females choose males for other traits than the red color of feathers, it is probably that the feathers would decrease the variation in the shades of red because no form of the trait is advantageous.
On the one hand, females do not choose males for this characteristic anymore, which means that this color is not advantaging for mating. On the competition with other males, they will have to develop the other trait that makes them look better genetically.
On the other hand, these bright colors make males very visible to predators, a pressure that will make the turn to less bright visible colors for better hiding and fewer chances to get caught.
An example of natural selection is the red color of a male cardinal. The females of the species choose mates based on the vibrant colors of the males' feathers. If females begin using different criteria than feather color when they choose mates, what would most likely happen to the color of the male cardinals over time?
Highly acidic food items such as lemonade have caused foodborne poisonings when:
Highly acidic food items like lemonade can cause foodborne poisonings when prepared and stored in contaminated conditions, promoting microbial growth.
Highly acidic food items, including lemonade, can be a surprising source of foodborne poisonings when several factors come into play:
Contaminated Ingredients:
The raw ingredients used to prepare lemonade, such as lemons and water, may be contaminated with harmful microorganisms like E. coli or Salmonella.
If these contaminants are not properly washed or treated, they can persist in the final product.
Poor Hygiene Practices: Inadequate handwashing, cross-contamination, and unsanitary food preparation environments can introduce harmful bacteria and viruses into the lemonade during its making.
People handling the food and equipment must adhere to strict hygiene protocols.
Improper Storage: Lemonade is often served chilled, making it important to store it at the right temperature.
If it's left at temperatures favorable for bacterial growth, such as in the "danger zone" (40°F - 140°F or 4°C - 60°C), bacteria can multiply rapidly.
Insufficient Pasteurization or Sterilization: Some homemade lemonade recipes call for pasteurization or sterilization to kill harmful microorganisms.
Failure to do so effectively can leave pathogens intact, posing health risks.
Cross-Contamination: Lemonade is often served in containers and with utensils that may have been in contact with other contaminated surfaces or food items, allowing pathogens to transfer.
Extended Storage: Lemonade left unrefrigerated for extended periods, especially in warm weather, can undergo spoilage, making it unfit for consumption.
The acidity of lemonade alone does not guarantee safety.
It is crucial to maintain strict food safety measures during preparation, storage, and serving to prevent foodborne poisonings caused by pathogenic microorganisms.
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Highly acidic food items can cause foodborne poisonings when contaminated, especially if not pasteurized or properly handled. Foods like lemonade can harbor harmful microorganisms, and the consumption of contaminated acidic foods can pose health risks.
Highly acidic food items such as lemonade have caused foodborne poisonings when they are contaminated and consumed by individuals. These foods and beverages, like lemonade, are capable of supporting the growth of harmful microorganisms if not properly handled or treated. For instance, juices that have not been pasteurized are at a higher risk for causing foodborne illness. Contaminated acidic food items can be especially dangerous because they sometimes mask the presence of harmful bacteria, giving a false sense of safety in their consumption.
Acids, commonly found in the foods we eat, can be corrosive and need to be handled with care. Everyday products like citrus fruits, vinegar, and carbonated sodas contain different types of acids such as citric acid, acetic acid, and phosphoric acid, respectively. Ingesting contaminated acidic foods carries risks, as harmful microorganisms can thrive even in an acidic environment, especially if food safety practices such as adequate cooking, refrigeration, and pasteurization, are not followed.
It's important to ensure that meat, milk, and water are properly treated before consumption to avoid the risks of food poisoning from corrosive agents. Chemical poisoning with corrosive agents can occur by ingesting household products containing dangerous chemicals, indicating that it's not just the acidity that poses a risk but also the potential contamination with pathogens or harmful substances.
Your alarm clock wakes you up and reminds you to get ready for school. Which type of neuron receives the
sound of the aların?
a. motor neurons
b. interneurons
C. sensory neurons
d. myelin neurons
Final answer:
Sensory neurons are responsible for transmitting the sound of an alarm to the central nervous system, making 'c. sensory neurons' the correct answer.
Explanation:
The type of neuron that receives the sound of the alarm and reminds you to get ready for school is a sensory neuron. Sensory neurons are responsible for carrying information from the sensory receptors, which in the case of hearing an alarm would be the ear cells, to the central nervous system (CNS). They essentially take in the information from your environment and send it to the brain where it can be processed. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is c. sensory neurons.
What percentage does each square in a punnett square represent?
A.25%
B.33%
C.50%
A punnet square is made up of 4 smaller squares.
These all add up to 100%, so each smaller square represents 25%
Answer:
B) 25%
25%
A Punnett square is a four by four diagram used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
Because it is four by four, we can deduct that each square is equivalent to 25% since 1/4 = 0.25 or 25%
Once an egg has been fertilized: multiple choice
a zygote is formed
a barrier to other sperm forms immediately
new genes are formed
cytoplasm is always exchanged
the zygote becomes haploid
a mature egg is fertilized when it is joined with a sperm cell
the answer is B
What was the first human organ to be successfully transplanted?
Answer:
the first human organ to be successfully transplanted was a kidney.
Explanation:
Mammals that give birth to fully developed live young are termed
Answer:
Viviparous
Explanation:
I think that's the word you are looking for
Viviparous animals give birth to live offspring after they have developed in the parent's body
The opposite of this would be Oviparous, meaning an animal that lays eggs.(birds, etc)
Fun fact:
the echidna (also known as a spiny anteater) and the duck-billed platypus are the only mammals known to lay eggs!
which individual below would be considered heterozygous?
A.DD
B.Dd
C.dd
Many scientists think that genetically modified crops will be pivotal in addressing the growing food demand. Do you agree with this belief? Explain your answer.
Answer:
Not necessarily pivotal, but it would be just dumb not use every opportunity to
increase food security, food safety and healthiness, yield efficiency, ressource efficiency, farmers' safety and last but not least reduce carbon emissions.
I don't think that when they invented the Haber-Bosch process they debated about wether it was 'pivotal' in order to feed the world's population - although in hindsight, it absolutely was!
They just used it because everyone profited from it.
Today, we're in the same situation with biotechnology.
Answer:
Yes. We have only a limited amount of land and space, and every plant is adapted to its own environment. Through gene manipulation, we could perhaps create plants that can grow in a wide variety of environments, grow taller or wider, or be more resistant to diseases
Explanation:
Where can repetition be found in the bolded excerpt from walt whitman's poem?
A.the repetitive use of the word diagrams
B.the repetitive use of the word astronomer
C.the repetitive use of the word when
Which label identifies the part of the atp molecule that changes when energy is released in the cells of all living things
Answer:
Label A; Respiration
Explanation:
Respiration identifies the part of the atp molecule that changes when energy is released in the cells of all living things.
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The label that identifies the part of the ATP molecule that changes when energy is released in the cells of all living things is the phosphate group.
ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is a molecule that stores and carries energy within cells. It consists of ribose sugar, an adenine base, and three phosphate groups.
When energy is needed for cellular activities, the high-energy phosphate bond between the last two phosphate groups is broken through hydrolysis, releasing a phosphate group and forming ADP (adenosine diphosphate) along with a free phosphate.
This process releases energy that can be used to power various cellular functions, such as muscle contractions, active transport, and enzyme-catalyzed reactions, supporting the vital processes of living organisms.
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During which stage does land get ready for the arrival of new species? A. migration B. ecesis C. nudation D. reaction E. competition
Answer:
C. nudation
Explanation:
When an ecological system has been destroyed by some catastrophe, what is left is usually barren land. This barren land is not suitable for the majority of the organisms to live on it, so changes are needed. Nudation is the first process, and it is part of the primary succession. This process is actually the one responsible for the minor changes that happen on the barren land, preparing it slowly for the organisms to be able to move into it and start developing a new ecosystem.
Answer:
Nudation
Explanation:
Disturbance initiates the prosses of succession. Both abiotic and biotic factors cause disturbances. At this stage, the bare land without any living organisms develops for the arrival of new species. ( Monoclimax theory)
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In ferns, the plant structure that produces sperm and egg cells is known as which of the following? A. Sporophyte B. Spores C. Zygote D. Gametophyte
Answer:
The correct option will be option D (Gametophyte).
Explanation:
Ferns are the seedless, vascular plants belonging to the kingdom Pteridophyta. They are one of the most primitive plant type known and shows alternation of generations in their life cycle.
Both asexual (spores, rhizomes, offsets or stems) and sexual methods of reproduction are known in ferns. Diploid sporophyte undergo meiosis to form haploid spores.
Gametophyte forms a special heart-shaped structure called prothallus below which sex organs are present. Archegonium, the female structure contains a single egg while Antheridium, the male structure, contains flagellated sperms.
thus, option D is the correct answer.
Graphs are _____ of relationships.
Answer:
Diagrammatic representation
Explanation:
Graphs are diagrammatic representation of relationships.
Answer:
Geometrical representation
Explanation:
Graphs are geometric representations of relationships presented through a data set used to facilitate understanding of the information presented in that set. Charts help you quickly identify patterns, verify results, and compare measurements. In addition, they can be used in many ways and in different areas of knowledge.
If a cell loses control of gene expression what happens?
Answer:
Abnormal, unhealthy cells will develop.
A woman is experiencing back labor and complains of constant, intense pain in her lower back. what is an effective relief measure?
Back labor as the name implies is a very intense pain in the lower back experienced by pregnant women as the expected date of delivery gets closer. It is usually caused by undue pressure on the spine due to incorrect positioning of the baby.
There are several options that can effectively relieve back labor.
They are:
An Epidural Anaesthesia: This is a type of pain relief drug that is injected into the back to reduce pain in the back or in other parts of the body. This is usually administered at the discretion of the anesthesiologist;Regular Pain Relief medicationTaking a physical position to relieve the pain pressure point: Usually, the pain in the lower back is caused by the baby pressing against the lower spine. By adopting an all-fours position, and resting one's head on a pillow or other material that help to support the head, the pressure is eased off the back for some time;Ambulation: This simply means walking around. Crouching, or trying out various positions with the body such as squatting may also help to reduce the pressure off the spine
Other forms of pain relief procedures that may work are:
Reflexology or Acupuncture: the practice of using the finger to place a firm pressure below the center of the ball of the foot.Hydrotherapy: The application of hot and cold compress against the lower back in an alternating pattern.Learn more about back labor pain here:
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Which of the following would you need in order to compare the effect of two different fertilizers on plant growth?
a. a way to measure plant growth
b. a variety of plant species
c. a selection of soil types
d. a cardboard box to cover one plant
Answer:
a way to measure plant growth
Which of the following are causes of evolutionary change? 1)Genetic drift 2) Natural selection 3) Gene flow 4)Mutation
Evolutionary change is caused by four primary mechanisms: Genetic drift, natural selection, gene flow, and mutation. Each of these mechanisms contribute to the diversity and adaptation of populations.
Explanation:The causes of evolutionary change are: 1) Genetic drift, 2) Natural selection, 3) Gene flow and 4) Mutation.
Genetic drift refers to random changes in the frequencies of alleles within a population. It can result in significant changes in a population's genome, especially in small populations.
Natural selection is the process by which traits that enhance survival and reproduction become more common in successive generations of a population. It drives the adaptation of populations to their environments and is a key mechanism of evolution.
Gene flow happens when individuals from one population migrate to and breed in a second population. This can introduce new genetic variations to the receiving population.
Mutation refers to changes in an organism's DNA. It can introduce novel genotypic and phenotypic variations to a species over time, and is a key driver of diversity in populations.
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