Which of these substances are molecules?
What about energy can change and what does not change, according to the law?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can only change forms according to the law of conservation of energy. The total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant, even though it may convert to different forms such as kinetic or potential energy.
According to the law of conservation of energy, in any process, the total energy of the universe, or any closed system, remains constant. This means that energy cannot be created or destroyed; instead, it can only be transformed from one form to another. For instance, in a closed system, energy may shift between kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy, and various other forms, but the total amount of energy within that system does not change.
Consider the example of a roller coaster. As the coaster climbs a hill, it is converting the kinetic energy from the speed it has into potential energy due to its height. When the coaster comes down the hill, that potential energy is converted back into kinetic energy. Throughout these changes, the overall energy within the coaster system remains the same, illustrating the conservation of energy in a practical scenario.
It is also important to note that energy conversions are not 100% efficient, and some energy is often lost as heat due to friction or other non-conservative forces. However, this energy is not lost from the system; rather, it changes form and still obeys the conservation of energy principle.
What word or two-word phrase best describes the shape of the ammonia ( nh3 ) molecule?
One gram of __________ contains more than twice the amount of energy of a gram of glucose.
Cathode rays were shown to be a stream of _____. protons electrons neutrons quarks
It's B) electrons, is the right answer
Answer:
electrons
Explanation:
What tool could you use to determine who is the fastest swimmer in your class?
Write a balanced equation for the complete oxidation reaction that occurs when ethane (c2h6) burns in air. use the smallest possible integer coefficients.
In the complete oxidation reaction for ethane (C2H6) burning in air, ethane reacts with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. The balanced equation for the given reaction is: 2C2H6 + 7O2 -> 6H2O + 4CO2.
Explanation:The question asks for a balanced equation for the complete oxidation reaction that occurs when ethane (C2H6) burns in air.
The initial step for any combustion reaction is to identify the reactants and products. For a hydrocarbon like ethane reacting with oxygen, the products are water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Initially, this yield an unbalanced equation, like this:C2H6 + O2 -> H2O + CO2To balance the equation, we must ensure the same number of each type of atom appears on both sides. Tweaking the coefficients finally yields the following balanced equation:2C2H6 + 7O2 -> 6H2O + 4CO2This represents the complete oxidation reaction of ethane. Note that the coefficients in the balanced equation are the smallest possible integers, as required by the question.
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Which of the following metals will react with water to produce a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas?
Mg
Li
Al
Pb
Lithium (Li) will react with water to produce Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH) and hydrogen gas (H2). Magnesium and Aluminum may react under certain conditions, but not readily at room temperature; Lead (Pb) does not react with water.
Explanation:Among the metals listed – Mg (Magnesium), Li (Lithium), Al (Aluminum), and Pb (Lead) – Lithium (Li) will react with water to produce a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas. When Lithium reacts with water, it forms Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH) and releases hydrogen gas (H2).
Here is the chemical equation for the reaction of Lithium with water:
2 Li (s) + 2 H2O (l) → 2 LiOH (aq) + H2 (g)
Magnesium (Mg) and Aluminum (Al) can also react with water, but usually when they are in the form of powder or at high temperatures, and in the case of Aluminum, it often has an oxide layer that inhibits its reaction with water under normal conditions. Lead (Pb) is not reactive with water under normal conditions.
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List at least two chemical reactions that resulted in a white precipitate. For these reactions list the possible chemical name of the precipitate. What do these reactions (and the others with white precipitates) have in common?
Recall the postulates of kinetic molecular theory read the list and check all the statements that apply to behavior of an ideal gas
Answer:
-gas particles behave like hard spheres
-gas particles travel randomly
-average kinetic energy of a collection of gas particles depends on the temperature
answers on edg
Explanation:
Answer 1, 2, & 5
Explanation:
What was Aristotle’s theory of matter? Was it atomistic or formal?
"would you expect to find sodium chloride in underground rock deposits as a solid, liquid, or gas? explain."
Sodium chloride is found in underground deposits as a solid due to its stable ionic lattice structure. These deposits, often mined, are remnants of evaporated ancient seas. NaCl's unreactive nature contrasts with the reactivity of its constituent elements, sodium and chlorine.
You would expect to find sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt or by its geological names rock-salt or halite, in underground rock deposits as a solid. Sodium chloride is an ionic compound consisting of sodium ions ([tex]Na^+[/tex]) and chloride ions ([tex]Cl^-[/tex]), which form a crystalline lattice structure that is stable at room temperature and under the earth's surface where the temperature and pressure conditions typically do not allow it to exist as a liquid or a gas. Underground deposits of sodium chloride are a result of the evaporation of ancient seas, leaving behind salt that has since been buried and can be mined. These salts can reach solubility limits in water of 36-39 g per 100 mL, leading to the formation of natural salt deposits.
The stability of sodium chloride arises from the strong ionic bonds between sodium and chloride ions. In contrast, its constituent elements, sodium and chlorine, are highly reactive - sodium is so reactive it must be stored under oil and chlorine is a poisonous gas. However, when they come together to form NaCl, they achieve a stable structure with full outer electron shells, resulting in a substance that is largely unreactive and doesn't undergo explosive reactions like its individual elements.
Ag has an anomalous electron configuration. write the observed electron configuration of ag. express your answer in complete form in order of increasing orbital energy. for example, 1s22s2 should be entered as 1s^22s^2.
In Silver, the 4d orbitals will be completely filled. That implies that it does not have two electrons in the 5s orbital. The electronic configuration of Silver is :
Ag (47) = 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^1 4d^10
Ag (Silver) has the atomic number of 47 and its electron configuration becomes anomalous after 4d9. One electron from the 5s orbital jumps to the 4d, making the configuration as [Kr] 5s^1 4d^10. [Kr] represents the core electron configuration of the noble gas Kr (Krypton)
Explanation:The electron configuration of an atom dictates the layout of the atom's electrons in different energy shells available in the atom. For Ag (silver), the atomic number is 47, hence it has 47 electrons. Normally, according to the 'Aufbau Principle', the electrons fill up in order of their increasing energy levels. However, Ag is an exception.
The electron configuration for Ag follows the pattern up to 4d9, as per increase in orbital energy. But here is where it becomes anomalous. In order to gain additional stability, one electron from the 5s orbital jumps to the 4d orbital, rendering them both half-filled (which is a more stable configuration). Hence, the actual electron configuration of Ag becomes [Kr] 5s¹4d¹⁰.
Here, [Kr] signifies the electron configuration of the noble gas Kr (Krypton), which represents core electrons of 1s²2s²2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶.
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Describe the energy levels of an atom and how an electron moves between them.
What is the total number of neutrons in the nucleus of a k-37 atom
18 neutrons
The sum of the protons' and electrons' numbers is the atomic number. Therefore, there are 19 protons and 19 electrons in potassium-37. Simply deduct the number of protons from the mass number to obtain the number of neutrons. The isotope thus has 18 neutrons.
How do you calculate the neutron count?
Neutron count = mass number - atomic mass. Example: Given that the atomic mass of boron is 11, its atomic number is 5, its number of neutrons is 11 - 5 6.
example:14 protons and 14 neutrons make up silicon. It has an atomic mass of 28 and an atomic number of 14. Uranium's most prevalent isotope has 92 protons and 146 neutrons. It has an atomic mass of 238 (92 + 146) and an atomic number of 92.
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Stannous fluoride is formed when a tin cation with charge 4+ combines with a fluorine anion with charge 1-. How will you derive the formula for stannous fluoride?
The formula for stannous fluoride is SnF4.
The tin cation has a charge of 4+ and a fluorine anion has a charge of 1-. Using the crisscross method, we move the charge of the tin cation to the subscript position of the fluorine anion and the charge of the fluorine anion to the subscript position of the tin cation. So, we get Sn1F4. The ratio one-to-four cannot be reduced further. Since the subscript of Sn is 1, we can drop it. So the formula of stannous fluoride becomes SnF4.
Which information would be most useful to construct a model of the populations of a predator species and prey species in an area?
a. the average population size, survival rate, and amount of genetic variation of each species
b. the initial population size, reproduction rate, and survival rate of each species
c. the initial population size, reproduction rate, and amount of genetic variation of each species
d. the average population size, birth rate, and death rate of each species
How is an emulsion different from a solution?
:The components are mixed unevenly instead of evenly within the emulsion.
:Insoluble instead of soluble particles are suspended within the emulsion.
:Two liquids that normally are not mixable are mixed in the emulsion.
:The components of an emulsion are single elements or compounds instead of a mixture of compounds.
The answer is
C) Two liquids that are not mixable are mixed in emulsion.
i did the test so its right
Is the reaction of sodium bicarbonate with hydrochloric acid endothermic or exothermic?
The reaction of sodium bicarbonate with hydrochloric acid is exothermic, meaning it releases heat. This can be felt by a warmth if touching the container where the reaction takes place.
Explanation:The reaction between sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid is exothermic. This means it releases heat to the surroundings. An exothermic reaction is characterized by the release of energy in the form of heat or light. In this specific reaction, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce sodium chloride (NaCl), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) with the release of heat. As such, if you were to touch the container where the reaction is occurring, it would feel warm, which is indicative of an exothermic reaction.
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Light energy, 6H2O, and 6CO2 are at the start of photosynthesis.
True or False
Classify each of the statements below as pertaining to viscosity or osmolarity.
The texts provided discuss osmolarity, which impacts the volume of a cell by influencing water movement across membranes, and is related to tonicity, hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions.
The given information pertains to osmolarity, which is the total solute concentration of a solution and is often associated with the tonicity of a solution. Osmolarity has a direct impact on the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, where water moves from a lower osmolarity side (where there is more water) to a higher osmolarity side (where there is less water), following its concentration gradient. This process is vital for understanding how hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions affect the volume of cells. Viscosity, while not discussed in detail here, is a property of fluids that describes resistance to flow and is determined by intermolecular forces.
What reaction would be the chemical equation 2H2O->2H2+O2 represent? A.decomposition of water b. Formation of water c. Combustion of water d. Replacement of water
Answer:
Decomposition of water
Explanation:
The chemical equation 2H₂O -> 2H₂ + O₂ shows two water molecules as reactants, and hydrogen and oxygen as products. This indicates that water is being broken down in this reaction. Another word for this is decomposition.
Formation of water would occur if the arrow was facing the other way (if hydrogen and oxygen were the reactants), however this is not the case, so formation would be incorrect.
Combustion reactions involve a substrate reacting with oxygen, usually producing heat.
Replacement of water is not occurring since the water molecules are being broken down.
How many moles of caco3 would have to be decomposed to produce 129 grams of cao?
2.3 moles CaCO₃
Explanation:Decomposition reaction is a type of reaction where a compound is broken down to smaller compounds or individual elements.For example, decomposition of calcium carbonate to yield calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.That is;
CaCO₃(s) → CaO(s) +CO₂(g)
From the question, 129 grams of CaO were formed
We are required to calculate the number of moles of CaO used.
This can be done in the following steps;
Step 1: Moles of CaO produced
The number of moles is calculated by dividing mass by the molar mass of a compound.
Molar mass of CaO is 56.0774 g/mol
Therefore;
Moles of CaO = 129 g ÷ 56.0774 g/mol
= 2.3 moles
Step 2: Moles of CaCO₃ decomposed
From the equation 1 mole of CaCO₃ decomposes to yield 1 mole of CaO
Therefore;
For 2.3 moles of CaO to be produced then 2.3 moles of CaCO₃ would be decomposed.
Therefore;
The moles of CaCO₃ decomposed is 2.3 moles
To produce 129 grams of CaO, 2.304 moles of CaCO₃ need to be decomposed.
This is calculated using the molar masses of CaCO₃ and CaO based on the balanced chemical equation.
One mole of CaCO₃ produces one mole of CaO.To determine how many moles of CaCO₃ need to be decomposed to produce 129 grams of CaO, follow these steps:
Write the balanced chemical equation: CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂.Calculate the molar masses using atomic masses:Therefore, 2.304 moles of CaCO₃ must be decomposed to produce 129 grams of CaO.
Correct question is: How many moles of CaCO₃ would have to be decomposed to produce 129 grams of CaO ?
which best describes the motion of air particles when a sound wave passes through it
Write reaction equations to explain how your acetic acid-acetate buffer reacts with an acid and reacts with a base.
An acetic acid-acetate buffer system resists changes in pH upon addition of an acid or a base. The added acid reacts with the buffer's acetate ions to reduce the H+ ion concentration, while the added base reacts with the buffer's acetic acid to reduce the OH- ion concentration.
Explanation:An acetic acid-acetate buffer system includes acetic acid (CH3COOH), a weak acid, and its conjugate base, acetate (CH3COO-). When an acid is added to this buffer system, the acetate ion (CH3COO-) reacts with the acid's hydrogen ions (H+) to form acetic acid and reduce the amount of H+ ions, resisting a drop in pH. This is represented by the following reaction: CH3COO- (aq) + H+ (aq) →CH3COOH (aq).
When a base is added to the buffer system, the acetic acid (CH3COOH) donates a proton (H+) to the hydroxide ions (OH-) from the base, forming water (H2O) and acetate ions (CH3COO-), effectively resisting an increase in pH. This reaction is depicted as: CH3COOH (aq) + OH- (aq) → H2O (l) + CH3COO- (aq).
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An acetic acid-acetate buffer reacts with added acids through the weak base (acetate) and with added bases through the weak acid (acetic acid), thereby resisting changes in pH.
Explanation:An acetic acid-acetate buffer works by reacting to added acids or bases. In situations where an acid is added, the weak base (the acetate ion CH3CO₂¯) in the buffer solution will react to neutralize it as follows:
CH3CO2¯(aq) + H+(aq) → CH3CO2H(aq)
Conversely, if a base is added, the weak acid (acetic acid) part of the buffer solution will react to neutralize it as shown:
CH3CO2H(aq) + OH¯(aq) → CH3CO2¯(aq) + H2O(l)
In both cases, the buffer solution resists changes in pH by converting strong acids or bases into their weak conjugates, thereby minimizing any changes to the system's pH.
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An element that has the electron configuration [Ne]3s23p5 is in Group
17.
2.
7.
5.
Two or more than two atoms with different physical or chemical properties can not combine together to form an element. Therefore, the given electronic configuration [Ne]3s²3p⁵ belongs to group 17 of periodic table.
What is element?Element generally consist of atoms or we can atoms combine to form element. Atoms of an element is always same, means all the properties of all atoms of one type of element is same.
The systematic distribution of electrons in the various atomic orbitals is called its electronic configuration. The given electronic configuration is [Ne]3s²3p⁵ . 1,2,3 represents the number of shells and s and represents the orbitals. The superscripts represents the number of electrons in each orbitals. There are total 7 electrons in the outermost shell of the electronic configuration, which shows the group 17 of periodic table.
Therefore, the given electronic configuration [Ne]3s²3p⁵ belongs to group 17 of periodic table.
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A __________ change involves a change in the fundamental components of the substance; a given substance changes into a different substance or substances.
An electrically neutral atom of oxygen has eight electrons. What other facts do you know for sure about this atom?
There are eight neutrons in the nucleus.
There are eight protons.
There is a charge of +8 on an atom of beryllium.
There is a charge of 8 on an atom of beryllium.
Answer: There are eight protons.
Explanation:
Mass number is the sum of total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom.
On the other hand, atomic number is only the total number of protons present in an atom.
Also, when an atom is electrically neutral in nature then its number of protons equal to the number of electrons present in it.
An electrically neutral atom of oxygen has 8 electrons and 8 protons. It can have any number of neutrons depending on the isotope of oxygen.
Thus, we can conclude that an electrically neutral atom of oxygen that has eight electrons will also have 8 protons.
Why do you cool down tea extract in ice to below 40°c before adding dichloromethane?
is mixing food coloring with water a chemical or physical change?
Mixing food coloring with water is a physical change.
Physical changesPhysical changes are those that involve changes to the physical properties of materials without affecting the chemical properties.
When a food coloring is mixed with water, the water component of the mixture can be retrieved by evaporation and condensation while the food coloring will remain in the evaporating vessel.
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