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6. If DNA is stuck in the nucleus, but proteins are made in the ribosomes (out in the cytoplasm), how do we get the information out of the nucleus?

a. Messanger RNA (mRNA)

b. Enzymes

c. Transfer RNA (tRNA)

d. Helper RNA (hRNA)


11. How do tRNA molecules know where to go?

a. They look at the DNA coding

b. They complement the mRNA strand

c. They guess

d. They get help from the ribosomes


16. True or False: After a protein sequence is made, it needs to fold into the correct shape.

18. What is one characteristic that determines how the protein folds?

a. The amino acids hydrophobicity

b. The DNA

c. The color of the amino acid

d. Both hydrophobicity and color


19. If all the amino acids were hydrophobic and you placed them in water, what would happen to the shape of the protein?

a. It would squish into a ball (as best as possible)

b. It would flatten out

c. Half would flatten and half would be a ball

d. All the above


20. What is a mutation?

a. When something gets changed, or there is a mistake in the DNA sequence

b. When the DNA strand accidentally leaves the nucleus

c. When the mRNA strand doesn’t attach to a ribosome

d. No protein forms


21. Describe the effects a DNA mutation could have on a protein.

a. The mutation might code for a different amino acid

b. It a letter is deleted it could shift the reading frame and change all the subsequent amino acids

c. A hydrophobic amino acid could change to a hydrophilic amino acid which would cause the protein to fold differently.

d. All the above

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A good title would be "The Cell Membrane: _____" and then insert what type of cell it is in the blank.

A suitable title for a poster of a cell membrane could be The Dynamic Barrier: Exploring the Cell Membrane.

The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a dynamic and selective barrier that envelops the cell's contents. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the cell's integrity and controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell. A title like The Dynamic Barrier: Exploring the Cell Membrane captures the essence of the cell membrane's function and the exploratory nature of the poster, which might delve into the structure, components, and processes associated with the cell membrane. This title is both informative and engaging, inviting viewers to learn more about the cell membrane's dynamic properties and its fundamental role in cellular biology.

answer would be D) Cell Plate

Answer:

Enzymes

Explanation:

Enzymes are the biocatalyst that serves to speed up the rate of chemical reactions by lowering down the required activation energy. They are proteins and are not used up during the reactions. Breakdown of luciferin is also regulated by the enzyme. Carbohydrates and fats serve as energy source mainly. Simple sugar is also a carbohydrate and serves as an energy source.

Answer:

The correct answer will be-

1. The presence of cell wall

2. The presence of chloroplast

3. A large vacuole

Explanation:

Plant cell posses three unique structural feature which includes the additional cell wall, an organelle containing a green pigment called chloroplast and  

If a person has to identify the plant cell in a microscope then the person should look at these three mentioned structures-the additional cell wall, a double membrane structure and a large vacuole.

Thus, cell wall, chloroplast and the large vacuole are the correct answer.

The answer to this question is cells.

Cells is the basic building block to all plants and animals

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The food company’s questions are best answered by a combination of survey and scientific tools. To answer questions such as ‘which cereal's box is the best color?’ and ‘which cereal tastes the best to every eater?’ as well as ‘which cereal would sell the most boxes?’, the food company would need to conduct a survey to a group of people which resembles their target group most. The result would help them in answering those questions.

However, to answer ‘Which cereal contains the most sugar?’, the food company would need to use scientific tools to measure to sugar content in the cereal. This is the answer.

Answer: Which cereal contains the most sugar?

Explanation:

A scientific question can be define as the question which can only be answered by using experimentation procedures.

In the given condition, Which cereal contains the most sugar? The food company can conduct experimental trials to know the content of sugar. Hence, it is a scientific question.

First of all, a coast is where land ends and the sea/lake starts.

Therefore, the coastline, is the "border", or as you said it, the boundary between the continent and a sea or in some cases a lake.

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\bf~A - Coastline}[/tex]

Hope it helped,

BioTeacher101

For aquatic animals, insects, and plants, they offer distinctive habitats. The Shackleton Coast in Antarctica is an example of an icy coast. The Skeleton Coast in Namibia is an example of a desert coast.  Thus option A is correct.

The patterned ground and ice-push barriers are examples of ice processes that have an impact on landforms in harsh temperatures, such as those found around the Arctic coast.

Understanding natural phenomena like weather and rising sea levels is made easier by coasts. Coasts are the first areas to flood during storms.

Coastal landforms are those landforms that are located along coasts and were produced by erosion, deposition, or both. These frequently entail a marine-terrestrial environment interaction of some kind.

Therefore, coastline landform represents the boundary between the land and an ocean or lake.

Learn more about coastline landform here:

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The Ptolemaic model of the solar system was geocentric, meaning that it was the earth that was at the center of the universe — and everything revolved around it. The main difference between it and other models was that they were heliocentric, where it was the sun at the center of the solar system with the planets revolving around it.

Hope this helps!

Answer: The Ptolemaic model differs from other proposed solar system models because the planets have epicycles.

Explanation: Ptolemaic model believed that the earth is at the centre with the moon, sun, stars and other planets rotating or revolving around the earth. This model assumed that the planet moved in a circle. Thus, it is a model of the structure of the solar system.

Epicycles are orbits rotating on another circular orbit.

Final answer:

The Hokkaido Ken dog requires a balanced diet including proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals, consisting of meats, vegetables, and grains. Foods toxic to dogs should be avoided. Historical roles in hunting highlight their need for a nutritious diet to support an active lifestyle.

Explanation:

The Hokkaido Ken, a dog breed native to Japan, historically linked to the Ainu culture for hunting purposes, requires a balanced and nutritious diet similar to other dog breeds. The ideal diet for a Hokkaido Ken should encompass a mix of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals to support their active lifestyle. This would typically include high-quality commercial dog food or a well-researched raw or cooked diet consisting of meats, vegetables, and grains. Proteins could come from sources like chicken, beef, fish, and lamb, while carbohydrates might be sourced from rice, potatoes, and vegetables. It is crucial to avoid foods that are toxic to dogs, such as chocolate, grapes, and onions.

Given their historical role in hunting alongside the Ainu people of Hokkaido, these dogs were partners in acquiring sustenance, which highlights their active nature and dietary needs. Despite this historical context, modern Hokkaido Kens are more commonly seen as family pets rather than hunting dogs, altering their dietary requirements to fit a less rigorous lifestyle. However, maintaining an appropriate diet remains vital for their health and well-being.

cutting the gene out of the DNA with enzymes

Answer:

Option D, cutting the gene out of DNA with enzymes

Explanation:

The  first step in inserting a new gene into a bacterium is the separation of gene (to be inserted) from the parent cell DNA

Restriction enzyme (RE) is a DNA cutting enzyme which is used to cut this DNA. RE identifies a specific target sequence with in a DNA and then cut the DNA into two pieces either at or near the site.  

For example - Human insulin gene is separated from the DNA of human and then inserted into plasmid of bacteria.

Answer: Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

Explanation: The nucleus (center) of the atom contains the protons (positively charged) and the neutrons (no charge).

Answer:

Hand Washing is one of the most important practices when it comes to avoid spreading germs due it helps removing microorganisms and potential pathogens that could be left on after regular activities which would alter the results of lab experiments, and also could easily remain after such lab experiments which could lead to the propagation of bacteria or harmful chemicals.

Explanation:

In a microbiology lab, always start and end with handwashing, wearing personal protective equipment, implementing disinfection protocols, and maintaining a sterile work environment. It's crucial to properly dispose of biological waste and routinely check the cleanliness of the lab.

In a microbiology lab, certain safety practices should always be undertaken at the beginning and end of a lab session, including handwashing, wearing personal protective equipment, and implementing disinfection protocols. Handwashing is critical as per the CDC's recommendations, it should be done before and after the lab procedures, specifically in clinical or similar settings. Not only handwashing, but the use of personal protective equipment such as lab coats, face protection, and gloves is also mandatory to prevent potential contamination from microbes.

Furthermore, the laboratory surroundings should also be considered. Special protocols should be implemented to limit the risk of transmission such as the use of chemical disinfectant sprays upon entry and exit. Any contaminated specimens and equipment should be cleaned and soaked in basic solutions. Contaminated waste should be appropriately disposed of, often by incineration or autoclaving.

At the end of the lab, it’s recommended to check the effectiveness of these protocols by swabbing surfaces before and after use, ensuring that the sterile field has been maintained during lab operations. All these practices are crucial for the safety of both the personnel and the surrounding community.

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Answer:

natural selection

Explanation:

There are many processes through which evolution can occur like migration, mutation, genetic drift and natural selection. However, one of the most important triggering factor for evolution is natural selection .

What is natural selection:

In very simple words it can be considered as the process through which organisms that are better able to adapt to their surrounding environmental conditions survive and thrive, thereby they reproduce and transfer their characteristics in offspring, but those that have less ability to adapt to environmental conditions, tend to become less in number and ultimately eliminate.

How natural selection leads to evolution:

Now to understand how natural selection leads to evolution, we will take example of a population of beetles, some are brown and some are green in color. Now environment has limited capacity and it cannot support the survival of each and every population.

Here what happens is the green beetles are vulnerable to attack by birds because their color is visible to birds but brown beetles are less visible. What will happen that green beetles will be all eaten by birds and brown will keep surviving.

Now years later, beetles will have only brown color because evolution occurred and only fittest ones survive.

This is how natural selection leads to evolution.

Hope it helps!

Answer:

1.  B

2.  A

Explanation:

The energy from the sun is tapped by the autrotrophs through photosynthesis. These autotrophs are then preyed on by higher organisms in the food chain such as primary consumers - like rabbits. Primary consumers are then preyed on by secondary consumers like cheetars. Secondary consumers are then preyed on by tertiary consumers like vultures. Therefore, there is a transfer of energy from the sun up the food chain/web.

Without autrotrophs most organisms in the the food chain would not exist. This is why autotrophs  are at the bottom of the energy pyramid. There are, however, inefficiencies in the transfer of this energy up the food chain. Only 10% of the energy is passed to the next upper level (and turned into biomass) because most of the energy is lost  mostly in form of heat.

Answer:

Sun (B)

10% (A)

Explanation:

8. A. Its size

None of the other options would change as a result of just cutting a cork into smaller pieces

9. A. The luggage will be lighter to carry

The weight of water can add up very quickly so when you remove almost 90% of water from a substance, you can substantially decrease the weight

10. A. behind him

The sun is shining on his back so his shadow is in front of him, but if he were to turn around his shadow would still be in the same place in relation to his body

We are well aware that there are two stages of photosynthesis:

Calvin cycle or light-independent reactions:

This comprise the process during which carbon dioxide enters into the leaves of plants and passes through series of steps to form sugar or food. This process depends on the supply of ATP, (the ATP that is formed previously during light dependent reactions).

Now there are three stages of Calvin cycle:

During the process of carbon fixation CO2 combines with a 5-carbon compound called RuBP or ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate which results in the synthesis of a 6-carbon compound that splits up in to 2 three carbon compounds called phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA).

Here out focus will be the process of Reduction.

Reduction is the second stage of Calvin cycle during which phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA) is converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) that is a sugar. During the process of reduction, energy in the form of ATP and NADPH  are used for the conversion of 3-PGA to G3P. As 3-PGA is reduced to G3P, therefore this process is known as reduction.

After reduction, a series of reactions occur that lead to the synthesis of glucose but since focus of our question was reduction, so you can see more details of the process in attached figure.

Hope it helps!

Hello

The correct answer is A. position

Hope this helps

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Answer:

D. reference point

Explanation:

A  reference point defined according to space-time coordinates allows to determine the position of another point in space. It allows measuring the distance at which the object is. These points are assumed fixed in the Universe.

The complete question is:

Which of the following is NOT a principle of cell theory?

Cells are the basic units of life

All living things are made of cells

Very few cells are able to reproduce

All cells are produced from existing cells

Answer: Very few cells are able to reproduce  

Explanation:

Cell theory is a globally accepted historic scientific theory which states that living organisms are made up of cells . They are the structural and  functional unit of life.

All the new cells that is formed in the body is formed by the preexisting cells of the body.

The main point that only few cells are able to reproduce. This point was not mentioned in the cell theory.

The answer should be C because the DNA in the genes is what causes genetic mutations. The sequence differs from what is found in most people. Mutations range in size; they can affect anywhere from a single DNA building block (base pair) to a large segment of a chromosome that includes multiple genes.

Answer: option C They study chromosomes that contain genes, which are DNA segments.

Explanation: chromosomes carry genetic information which is stored in genes. Genes are DNA segments which are located on the chromosomes. Genes codes for a certain protein which performs a particular function.

Change in the original DNA sequence leads to genetic mutations. So in order to study genetic mutations, scientists must study genetic material.

Answer:- Apical dominance

Explanation:-

Thus, the shoot tips effect of keeping the lateral buds dormant is called as apical dominance.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for the synthesizing of Carbohydrates and lipids and does NOT have attached ribosomes

The rough Endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for synthesizing proteins and DOES have attached ribosomes

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is studded with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), on the other hand, is involved in lipid biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and detoxification of toxins.

The endoplasmic reticulum exists in two forms: the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The RER is named so because it's studded with ribosomes, which are sites for protein synthesis. It appears bumpy under the microscope. These ribosomes synthesize proteins that are then destined for the cell membrane or other functions.

In contrast, the SER lacks these ribosomes and appears 'smooth.' It performs a different set of functions in the cell. The SER plays key roles in lipid biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and the detoxification of toxic compounds within the cell.

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what are the options though....

A pancreatic cell engaged in the production of digestive enzymes

should be the answer ur looking for

Cells that produce and secrete proteins, like liver and pancreatic cells, have a high concentration of rough endoplasmic reticulum. This is due to the role of the rough ER in protein modification and secretion. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lacking ribosomes, has different functions.

The cells that would most likely have the greatest concentration of densely packed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) are those involved in producing and secreting proteins. This is because the RER's key function is to modify proteins for secretion from the cell. The ribosomes studded on the RER surface give it a 'rough' appearance and are sites of protein synthesis.

Two types of cells that are characteristic of having an abundance of RER are liver cells and pancreatic cells. For instance, liver cells are known to produce various proteins involved in numerous bodily functions, while pancreatic cells synthesize and secrete digestive enzymes.

On the other hand, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), which lacks ribosomes, is involved in different functions - such as the synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones, and the detoxification of various substances.

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It would be helpful if you had the diagram but I believe the answer is A. crossing over

Answer:

A. crossing over :)

Explanation:

Answer:

Mutualism

Explanation:

The term interspecific cooperation or Mutualism refers to the phenomenon when two organisms of different specie co-exist in such a way that both get benefit from each other due to their some characteristic features.

For example: in the example mentioned in question, Pistol Shrimps and Gobies co exist in a mutualistic relationship.

What happens that shrimp  not only builds but also maintains a burrow as a habitat in which both shrimp  and Gobies live and in turn Gobies protects the shrimp from the attack of predators.

There are several examples of mutualistic associations between living organisms and it it is one of the best types of symbiotic association in which no organism gets harm.

Hope it help!

My answer is correct!!!

Lactase refers to an enzyme that can dissociate lactose sugar into glucose and galactose. This enzyme plays an important role in the digestion of milk that comprises high lactose sugar. In case, if a mutation occurs in the gene codon of lactase, then two possibilities can take place. These are as follows:  

1. Loss of mutation: In this case, the person becomes lactose intolerant because of mutation in lactase gene codon. Due to this, there is low mRNA expression and thus low production of the enzyme lactase. This is also known as lactase non-persistent phenotype.  

2. Gain in mutation: In this case, the person gain an increase in mRNA expression of the lactase gene, thus more production of lactase takes place than usual. This kind of individual exhibits lactase persistent phenotype.  

A mutation in the lactase gene could lead to changes in the structure and function of the lactase enzyme, affecting the organism's ability to process lactose. Depending on the type and location of the mutation, the effects can range from mild to severe, possibly causing diseases related to lactase deficiency.

A mutation in the coding region of the lactase gene could have several potential effects, depending on the nature of the mutation. Mutations could include insertions, deletions or other changes in the DNA sequence that could alter the structure and function of the resulting protein. Such changes could increase the possibility of the protein having extra bends and loops, potentially altering its effectiveness in metabolizing lactose.

For example, in the case of E. coli, mutations in the lactase gene could disrupt the operon's regulation of lactose metabolism.

With a functioning lactase gene, when lactose is present, it triggers the transcription of genes that allow the bacterium to metabolize lactose. However, if the lactase gene were mutated, it could prevent this from happening, leaving the cell unable to process lactose as a food source.

Therefore, considering the potential range of effects, a mutation in the lactase gene could cause significant changes in an organism's ability to process lactose, and it could also cause diseases linked to either the lack of lactase or to structurally abnormal lactase proteins.

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Your answer is A

Selachii to be a class or subclass that contains all the modern sharks and rays

Gina described a manta ray

Answer:

The correct answer is B. Batoidea

Explanation:

Batoidea is an order of cartilaginous fish which are commonly known as rays. Rays are morphologically different from sharks as their body is flattened and disk-like with very large pectoral fins.  

In rays, mouth and gills are present on the underside of the body. They have five gills that are used for the diffusion of gases and are present on its ventral side but in sharks, gills are present on the side of their head.

Their flattened body helps them to hide in the sand of the ocean floor which prevents them to become prey to large predators like sharks and killer whales. Therefore the right answer is B. Batoidea

If a person has blood type B, that means you can only donate blood to blood types such as AB or B

If a person has O, that means it can donate blood to all blood types

If its A, they can donate blood to blood types of AB and A

If its AB it can donate to blood types of A, B, and AB

Final answer:

A person with type B blood has B antigens on their erythrocytes and produces anti-A antibodies, meaning they can receive blood from type B or O donors and can donate to type B or AB recipients. Blood type AB individuals can receive from any type, while type O can donate to any type.

Explanation:

If a person has type B blood, it means their erythrocytes (red blood cells) have B antigens on the membrane surface. Consequently, these individuals naturally produce preformed anti-A antibodies in their plasma. These antibodies would cause a serious immune response if the person received blood with A antigens during a transfusion.

According to blood donor compatibility, a person with type B blood can receive blood from others with type B or the universal donor type O. They can donate to individuals with type B or AB. The presence of anti-A antibodies in someone with type B blood precludes them from receiving type A or type AB blood as it would lead to agglutination (clumping) of the red blood cells.

It's worth noting that blood type AB individuals have both A and B antigens and no preformed antibodies, making them the universal acceptors, while those with blood type O have neither A nor B antigens and are considered the universal donors. The distribution of people with type B blood arriving at a blood drive roughly follows the Poisson distribution, with about one out of nine people in the United States having this blood type.

Answer:

A polygenic trait that follows non-mendelian inheritance patterns.

Explanation: