Organic compounds are covalently bonded and they always contain oxygen true or false
An atom of copper is represented by 6529cu. how many neutrons are in the nucleus of this atom?
the grams of carbohydrate in one apple if the apple has no fat and no protein and provides 72 kcal of energy
Which of these statements are consistent with kinetic-molecular theory? Select all that apply.
a. The molecules in water at 100°C have more kinetic energy than the molecules in water at 0°C.
b. As a solid is heated, its particles absorb thermal energy and move more slowly.
c. The carbon atoms in a diamond vibrate back and forth in place.
d. The particles of matter in the sun are in constant random motion.
e. If you superheat a gas, its particles eventually stop moving completely.
The statements that are consistent with kinetic-molecular theory includes:
the molecules in water at 100°C have more kinetic energy than the molecules in water at 0°C.the carbon atoms in a diamond vibrate back and forth in place.the particles of matter in the sun are in constant random motion.The theory of Kinetic Molecular focuses on the average kinetic energy of the molecules with respect to temperature.
The theory explains that the absolute temperature increases, the kinetic energy also increases.
Therefore, the Option A, C and D is correct.
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Is taking a glass of water and freezing it by placing in the freezer chemical change?
The reaction between aluminum and iron(iii) oxide can generate temperatures approaching 3000°c and is used in welding metals: 2al + fe2o3 → al2o3 +2fe in one process, 149 g of al are reacted with 601 g of fe2o3. calculate the mass (in grams) of al2o3 formed, and determine the amount of excess reagent left at the end of the reaction.
In the reaction of 2Al and Fe2O3, 7.56 moles of Al reacted with 3.76 moles of Fe2O3. 385.4 g of Al2O3 were formed, and there was no excess Fe2O3 reagent left.
Explanation:In this chemistry problem, we must use stoichiometry to determine the mass of the product and the amount of excess reagent. First, balance the equation: 2Al + Fe2O3 → Al2O3 +2Fe. From the equation, we can determine the stoichiometric relationship which is 2 mol of Al react with 1 mol of Fe2O3 to produce 1 mol of Al2O3.
Moles of Al = mass/molar mass = 204.19/26.98 = 7.56 moles. Moles of Fe2O3 = mass/molar mass =601/159.69 = 3.76 moles. As per the stoichiometric relationship, Al will be the limiting reagent and Fe2O3 will be in excess.
Using the limiting reagent, we can calculate the mass of Al2O3 formed: moles of Al2O3 = moles of Al/2 = 7.56/2 = 3.78 mol. So, mass = moles x molar mass = 3.78 x 101.96 = 385.4g.
To find the number of moles of Fe2O3 used, we divide the moles of Al by 2: 3.78 moles. The excess reagent left = initial moles – used moles = 3.76 – 3.78 = -0.02moles. Because no reagent can be left in negative amount, the excess Fe2O3 is 0.
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The mass of Al₂O₃ formed and the excess reactant after the reaction can be calculated by identifying the limiting reactant and calculating the theoretical yield of the reaction. Finally, the amount of reactant used is subtracted from the initial amount for the excess reactant.
Explanation:The thermite reaction between aluminum (Al) and iron(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃) produces aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and iron (Fe). Given the balanced thermochemical equation for the reaction: 2Al + Fe₂O₃ → Al₂O₃ + 2Fe, we can calculate the stoichiometry to find the amount of Al₂O₃ formed and the excess reagent left over.
First, we calculate the molar mass of Al, Fe₂O₃, and Al₂O₃ and then calculate the number of moles of Al and Fe₂O₃ in the given masses. Then we identify the limiting reactant in the reaction, which is the reactant that gets completely used up in the reaction determining the maximum amount of product that can be formed. Next, we determine the theoretical yield, the amount of Al₂O₃ that would be formed if the reaction went to completion. Finally, we subtract the amount reacted from the initial amount to determine the excess reagent.
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What is the empirical formula of the phosphorus selenide?
Final answer:
The empirical formula of phosphorus selenide is represented as P₂Sen, where 'n' is the number of selenium atoms bonded to two phosphorus atoms. Specific stoichiometry is needed for an exact formula.
Explanation:
The empirical formula of a compound represents the simplest whole-number ratio of the elements within that compound. For phosphorus selenide, we need to look at the actual stoichiometry of the compound to determine its empirical formula. Without specific information on the stoichiometry, we cannot give an exact empirical formula. However, some known phosphorus selenides include P₂Se₃ and P₂Se. To generalize, an empirical formula for phosphorus selenide could be P₂Sen, where 'n' represents the number of selenium atoms that bond with two phosphorus atoms.
The lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture in air describes or defines its
Answer: Flash Point
Explanation: Volatile substance is the substance which can easily catch fires.
Thus, there must be a point to define that temperature when the volatile substance catches fire given enough source of flame. This point is known as Flash Point.
Thus, Flash point is defined as the lowest temperature at which the flammable or volatile liquid catches fire and convert itself into the ignitable mixture when enough source of ignition is given.
Question 12solid sodium and chlorine gas combine to form solid sodium chloride .write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
which property determines how well a solid resists breaking? strength hardness stress strain
If 45.3 grams of aluminum react with an excess of oxygen, as shown in the balanced chemical equation below, how many grams of aluminum oxide can be formed? Please show all your work for the calculations for full credit.
4Al + 3O2 yields 2Al2O3
Answer:
86g of [tex]Al_{2}O_{3}[/tex]
Explanation:
1. The balanced chemical equation is:
[tex]_{4}Al+_{3}O_{2}=_{2}Al_{2}O_{3}[/tex]
2. Use the stoichiometry of the reaction to calculate how many moles of aluminum oxide can be formed.
If the oxygen is in excess it means that the aluminum is the limiting reagent and the calculations must be made using the mass of aluminum.
[tex]45.3gAl*\frac{1molAl}{27gAl}*\frac{2molesAl_{2}O_{3}}{4molesAl}=0.84molesAl_{2}O_{3}[/tex]
3. Use the molar mass of the [tex]Al_{2}O_{3}[/tex] to calculate how many grams of aluminum oxide can be formed:
[tex]0.84molesAl_{2}O_{3}*\frac{102gAl_{2}O_{3}}{1molAl_{2}O_{3}}=86gAl_{2}O_{3}[/tex]
The secondary structure of a protein results from _____. the secondary structure of a protein results from _____. bonds between sulfur atoms hydrophobic interactions peptide bonds hydrogen bonds ionic bonds
The secondary structure of a protein is determined by hydrogen bonds between amino acids in different regions of the polypeptide chain.
Explanation:The secondary structure of a protein results from hydrogen bonds between amino acids in different regions of the polypeptide chain. This folding can take the form of an alpha-helix or a beta-pleated sheet. Hydrogen bonds form between the oxygen atom in the carbonyl group of one amino acid and the amino acid that is four amino acids farther along the chain.
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According to Boyle's law, the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature is —
numerically equivalent.
inversely proportional.
positively correlated.
totally unrelated.
a group of students wants to see how temperature affects the time it takes for spilled water to dry up in the investigation what will be the dependent and independent variables
A 10.63 g sample of mo2o3(s) is converted completely to another molybdenum oxide by adding oxygen. the new oxide has a mass of 11.340 g. add subscripts below to correctly identify the empirical formula of the new oxide.
The empirical formula of the new oxide is MoO₃.
1) Find the number of moles of Mo₂O₃: n= mass/Mwt=(18.75)/(239.9)=0.0782 mol of Mo₂O₃ 2)
Find the number of moles of Mo in Mo₂O₃: 1 mol Mo2O3 --> 2 moles of Mo
0.0782 mol of Mo₂O₃ --> X moles of Mo X = (2×0.0782)/1
=0.156 mol of Mo
In the first oxide (it would be the same for the second oxide “see step 3”) 3) The mass of Mo in the second oxide doesn’t change (because the question said that oxygen has been added “only”, therefore, the mass of Mo in the first oxide = the mass of Mo
in the second oxide: Mass of Mo = n x Mwt of Mo
= 0.156 x 95.95
= 14.97 grams.
4) Find the mass of oxygen in the second oxide: mass of the second oxide = mass of Mo + mass of O
Mass of O = Mass of the second oxide – Mass of Mo
= 22.50 – 14.97
= 7.53 grams
5) Find the empirical formula by finding their number of moles first, then divide it by the smallest number of moles:
mass of Mo = 14.97 grams --> moles of Mo
= 0.156 mol of Mo
mass of O = 7.53 grams
moles of O = 0.471 mol of O
Divide by the smallest number of moles (by 0.156)
Therefore, the new empirical formula is MoO₃.
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The empirical formula of the new oxide is MoO₄.
To identify the empirical formula of the new oxide, we need to calculate the number of moles of molybdenum and oxygen in the new oxide.
Moles of molybdenum:
Moles of molybdenum = 11.340 g / 95.94 g/mol = 0.118 mol
Moles of oxygen:
Moles of oxygen = (11.340 g - 10.63 g) / 16.00 g/mol = 0.0436 mol
Empirical formula:
The empirical formula of the new oxide is MoO_{x}, where x is the number of moles of oxygen per mole of molybdenum. We can calculate x by dividing the moles of oxygen by the moles of molybdenum:
x = 0.0436 mol / 0.118 mol = 0.370
Rounding to the nearest integer, we get x = 4. Therefore, the empirical formula of the new oxide is MoO₄.
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The atmosphere of the gas giants is usually made up mostly of hydrogen and ______.
Answer: Helium
Explanation:
what are the advantages and disadvantages to using an isometric pictorial compared to oblique pictorial in technical drawings
How many gallons of water in lake lewisville?
Lake Lewisville typically contains more than 142 billion gallons of water at its normal elevation, calculated by multiplying its storage volume of approximately 436,000 acre-feet by the gallons-per-acre-foot conversion factor.
Explanation:The student has asked about the volume of water in Lake Lewisville. Unfortunately, the exact amount of water in Lake Lewisville can vary due to several factors, including seasonal rainfall, water usage, and conservation efforts. However, it's known that the lake has a normal storage volume of approximately 436,000 acre-feet at its normal elevation of 522 feet above mean sea level according to official data. Since one acre-foot is equal to about 325,851 gallons of water, by multiplying the acre-feet by this conversion factor, it can be estimated that Lake Lewisville typically holds more than 142 billion gallons of water when at normal levels.
Per gram, fats release three times the energy releases from proteins.
Why are roman numerals used in naming compounds that contain transition metals?
What type of chemical bond holds the na+ and cl- ions together in table salt?
The bond between Na + and Cl- ions is an ionic bond
To achieve stability, atoms with low ionization energy such as Na atoms will release electrons and bind to atoms with high-affinity energy such as Cl atoms
[tex]\boxed{\boxed{\bold{Further~explanation}}}[/tex]
Atoms have different stability. Unstable atomic atoms will try to form stable electron configurations like those of noble gases. Where noble gases have the number of outer electrons 2 or 8
The formation of electron configurations such as noble gases can be done by forming shared ions or electron pairs
Atoms with high ionization energy and atoms that are difficult to draw electrons will form bonds with shared electron pairs (electrons can be from one atom or two atoms attached)
In forming ions, atoms will release or attract electrons
Ion bonds occur because atoms that have low ionization energy (easily release electrons) form a + ion, and these electrons are bound by atoms that have large affinity energy (easily pulling electrons)
Generally, ionic bonds occur in metal and nonmetallic elements. Metal elements have low ionization energy and non-metallic elements have a high electron affinity
In Na atoms, to achieve stability, Na will release one electron so that it has an electron configuration like noble gas Ne
Na: 2 8 1
Ne: 2 8
so that it becomes a Na + ion
While the Cl atom will bind one electron, so it has an electron configuration like noble gas Ar
Cl: 2 8 7
Ar: 2 8 8
So that it becomes a Cl- ion
Finally, there will be an attractive attraction between positive ions and negative ions and NaCl is formed
So the bond between Na + and Cl- ions is an ionic bond
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the octet rule
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Keywords: ionic and covalent bonds, the octet rule, noble gases, electron configurations
[tex]\boxed{{\text{Ionic bond}}}[/tex] holds [tex]{\text{N}}{{\text{a}}^ + }[/tex] and [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }[/tex] together in table salt.
Further Explanation:
Chemical bond:
The attraction between atoms, molecules or ions which results in the formation of chemical compounds is known as a chemical bond. It is formed either due to electrostatic forces or by the sharing of electrons. There are many strong bonds such as ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds while some weak bonds like dipole-dipole interactions, London dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonding.
Ionic compound:
Ionic compounds are the compounds that are formed from the ions of the respective species. Ions are the species that are formed either due to loss or gain of electrons. A neutral atom forms cation by the loss of electrons and anion by the gain of electrons.
Following are some of the properties of ionic compounds:
1. These are hard solids.
2. High melting and boiling points.
3. Good conductors of heat and electricity.
4. High enthalpy of fusion.
Sodium (Na) is a metal while chlorine (Cl) is a non-metal. So Na loses one of its valence electrons by virtue of its low ionization enthalpy and [tex]{\text{N}}{{\text{a}}^ + }[/tex] is formed. Due to high electronegativity of chlorine, Cl gains an electron and forms [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }[/tex] . The electrostatic attraction between [tex]{\text{N}}{{\text{a}}^ + }[/tex] and [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }[/tex] results in the formation of ionic bond between them and thus NaCl is an ionic compound. (Refer to the attached image)
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Answer details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Ionic and covalent compounds
Keywords: Na+, Cl-, table salt, chemical bond, ionic bond, anion, cation, attraction, electrostatic forces, mutual sharing of electrons, gain, loss, electrons, metal, non-metal, Na, Cl, sodium, chlorine.
astronauts brought back 500 lb rock samples from the moon. how many kilograms did they bring back (1 kg = 2.20 lbs)
Astronauts brought back 500 lbs rock samples from the moon they brought back 227 kilograms of sample. The correct option is D.
Who are astronauts?An astronaut is characterized as "a person who travels further than the Earth's atmosphere" or "a spaceflight trainee."
The ultimate goal of getting into space is to work and live there, just as the eventual aim of exploring the New World was colonization, rather than simply sitting back on Earth and thinking about what automated spacecraft report back.
It's one of the most difficult jobs to obtain in the world. Even if you are chosen to be an astronaut, you are not pretty much assured a trip to space.
Hundreds of humans have traveled to space, but many of those chosen as "astronauts" never made it.
As the astronaut brought 550 lbs sample,
2.20lbs = 1 kg.1 lbs = 1/2.201 lbs = 0.45so, 500 lbs nearly implies 227kgs.Thus, the correct option is D.
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Your question seems incomplete, the missing options are:
A. 500 kg
B. 1,100 kg
C. 498 kg
D. 227 kg
Nicotine, a component of tobacco, is composed of c, h, and n. a 4.725 −mg sample of nicotine was combusted, producing 12.818 mg of co2 and 3.675 mg of h2o. what is the empirical formula for nicotine?
C = 12.818 mg CO2 (1 mmol CO2/44 mg CO2) (1 mmol C/1 mmol CO2) = 0.29 mmol
H = 3.675 mg of H2O (1 mmol H2O/18 mg H2O) (2 mmol H/1 mmol H2O) = 0.41 mmol
N = (4.725 mg – 0.29 * 12 – 0.41 * 1) * (1 mmol/14 mg) = 0.06 mmol
Divide everything by the smallest number:
C = 0.29/0.06 = 4.8 ~ 5
H = 0.41/0.06 = 6.8 ~ 7
N = 0.06/0.06 = 1
Empirical formula is:
C5H7N
A stack of books are sitting on the table. Which force is pulling it down ? A. Buoyant force B. Pressure force C. Gravitational force
There is a gravitational force pulling the stack of books downward. Gravity is always a factor on earth. Keep that in mind when asked these sort of questions. They are made to confuse you. Take your time and you will do just fine.
Hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes which figure into the average atomic mass found on the periodic table (1.00974): hydrogen-1, hydrogen-2, and hydrogen-3. Which would you guess is most abundant? Explain your answer
A mixture of n2(g) and h2(g) reacts in a closed container to form ammonia, nh3(g). the reaction ceases before either reactant has been totally consumed. at this stage 1.0 mol n2, 1.0 mol h2, and 1.0 mol nh3 are present. part a how many moles of n2 and h2 were present originally?
The amount of [tex]{{\text{N}}_2}[/tex] initially taken is [tex]\boxed{{\text{1}}{\text{.5 mol}}}[/tex] and the amount of [tex]{{\text{H}}_2}[/tex] initially taken is [tex]\boxed{{\text{2}}{\text{.5 mol}}}[/tex].
Further explanation:
Stoichiometry of a reaction is used to determine the amount of species present in the reaction by the relationship between the reactants and products. It can be used to determine the moles of a chemical species when the moles of other chemical species present in the reaction is given.
Consider the general reaction,
[tex]{\text{A}}+2{\text{B}}\to3{\text{C}}[/tex]
Here,
A and B are reactants.
C is the product.
One mole of A reacts with two moles of B to produce three moles of C. The stoichiometric ratio between A and B is 1:2, the stoichiometric ratio between A and C is 1:3 and the stoichiometric ratio between B and C is 2:3.
The balanced chemical equation for the formation of [tex]{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3}[/tex] is as follows:
[tex]{{\text{N}}_2}\left(g\right)+3{{\text{H}}_2}\left(g\right)\to2{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3}\left(g\right)[/tex]
The balanced chemical equation shows that 1 mole of [tex]{{\text{N}}_2}[/tex] and 3 moles of [tex]{{\text{H}}_2}[/tex] reacts to form 2 moles of [tex]{\mathbf{N}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{3}}}[/tex] .
In the question, reaction started with the unknown quantity of reactant [tex]{{\text{N}}_2}[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{H}}_2}[/tex] and stopped when 1.0 mol ammonia was produced. Also, reactants left in the reaction mixture are 1.0 mol of [tex]{{\text{H}}_2}[/tex] and 1.0 mol of [tex]{{\text{N}}_2}[/tex] .
According to the balance reaction 2 moles of ammonia is produced by the 3 moles of [tex]{{\text{H}}_2}[/tex] . Thus amount of hydrogen molecule required to produce 1 mole of ammonia is,
[tex]\begin{gathered}{\text{Moles of }}{{\text{H}}_2}=\frac{{3{\text{ mol }}{{\text{H}}_2}}}{{2{\text{ mol N}}{{\text{H}}_3}}}\times1{\text{ mol N}}{{\text{H}}_3}\\=1.5{\text{ mol }}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\\\end{gathered}[/tex]
According to the balance reaction 2 moles of ammonia is produced by the 1 mole of [tex]{{\text{N}}_2}[/tex] . Thus the amount of [tex]{{\text{N}}_2}[/tex] molecule required to produce 1 mole of ammonia is,
[tex]\begin{gathered}{\text{Moles of }}{{\text{N}}_2}=\frac{{1{\text{ mol }}{{\text{N}}_2}}}{{2{\text{ mol N}}{{\text{H}}_3}}}\times1{\text{ mol N}}{{\text{H}}_3}\\=0.5{\text{ mol }}{{\text{N}}_2}\\\end{gathered}[/tex]
Therefore, the amount of [tex]{{\text{N}}_2}[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{H}}_2}[/tex] are consumed until the reaction is stopped is 0.5 moles and 1.5 moles respectively.
Therefore, the amount of [tex]{{\text{N}}_2}[/tex] initially taken is,
[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Amount of }}{{\text{N}}_2}&=\left({1.0 + 0.5}\right){\text{ mol}}\\&=1.5{\text{ mol}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
The amount of [tex]{{\text{H}}_2}[/tex] initially taken is,
[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Amount of }}{{\text{H}}_2}&=\left({1.0 + 1.5}\right){\text{ mol}}\\&=2.5{\text{ mol}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Mole concept
Keywords: N2, H2, NH3, 3H2, 2NH3, limiting reagent, nitrogen, hydrogen, ammonia, 0.5 mol, 1.0 mol, 1.5 mol, 2.5 mol, 1.0 mol of NH3.
The number of moles of N2 and H2 that were originally present are;
N2 = 1.5 mol
N2 = 1.5 molH2 = 2.5 mol
We are told that N2(g) reacts with H2(g) to form ammonia NH3(g).This reaction when balanced is;
N2(g) + 3H2(g) = 2NH3(g)
Now, we are told that the reaction ceases before the reactants are totally consumed and that there was 1 mole of ammonia present. This means we have to simplify our balanced equation so that the number of moles attached to Ammonia(NH3) can be 1.Thus,divide each of the number of moles in the balanced equation by 2 to get;
0.5N2(g) + 1.5H2(g) = NH3(g)
We are told that the number of moles of N2 and H2 that were present at the stage after the reaction had ceased was;1 mol of N2 and 1 mol of H2.
Thus;
Number of moles of N2 originally present = 1 + 0.5 = 1.5 moles
Number of moles of H2 originally present = 1 + 1.5 = 2.5 moles
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Mole-Mass Conversions
How many moles in 28.o grams of Oxygen?
What is the mass of 5.0 moles of Iron?
Find the number of moles of argon in 452 g of argon.
Find the grams in 16.5 mol of Hydrogen.
Final answer:
To find the number of moles in a given mass of a substance, divide the mass by the molar mass. To find the mass of a given number of moles of a substance, multiply the number of moles by the molar mass.
Explanation:
To find the number of moles in a given mass of a substance, we use the formula:
moles = mass / molar mass
For example:
1. To find the number of moles in 28.0 grams of oxygen:
moles = 28.0 g / 32.00 g/mol (molar mass of oxygen)
moles = 0.875 mol
2. To find the mass of 5.0 moles of iron:
mass = 5.0 mol * 55.85 g/mol (molar mass of iron)
mass = 279.25 g
3. To find the number of moles of argon in 452 g of argon:
moles = 452 g / 39.95 g/mol (molar mass of argon)
moles = 11.31 mol
4. To find the grams in 16.5 mol of hydrogen:
mass = 16.5 mol * 1.01 g/mol (molar mass of hydrogen)
mass = 16.665 g
Why is a claim supported by a great variety of data more trustworthy than a claim made by an individual person?
How many more valence electrons does carbon need to be a full outer valence shell?
What celsius temperature, t2, is required to change the volume of the gas sample in part a (t1 = 43 ∘c , v1= 1.13×103 l ) to a volume of 2.26×103 l ? assume no change in pressure or the amount of gas in the balloon?
The Celsius temperature required to change the volume of the gas sample to a specific volume at constant pressure can be found using Charles's Law. In this case, the temperature, volume, and initial conditions are given, allowing us to solve for the unknown temperature. By substituting the values into the formula, we find that the required temperature is 316 K.
Explanation:A volume change caused by a temperature change at constant pressure means we should use Charles's law. Taking V₁ and T₁ as the initial values, T2 as the temperature at which the volume is unknown and V₂ as the unknown volume, and converting °C into K we have:
T₂ = (T₁ * V₂) / V₁
Substituting the given values:
T₂ = (43 + 273) * (2.26 × 10³) / (1.13 × 10³)
T₂ = 316 K
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To change the gas volume from 1.13×10³ L at 43°C to 2.26×10³ L, the required temperature is 359°C. This is calculated using Charles's Law and converting temperatures between Celsius and Kelvin.
Calculating the Required Temperature Using Charles's Law
To solve this, we will use Charles's Law, which states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature (in Kelvin) when pressure and the amount of gas are constant. The formula for Charles's Law is:
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂
First, we convert the temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin:
T₁ = 43°C + 273 = 316 K
Next, we rearrange Charles's Law to solve for T₂:
T₂ = (V₂ × T₁) / V₁
Substitute the known values into the equation:
T₂ = (2.26×10³ L × 316 K) / 1.13×10³ L
T₂ = 632 K
Finally, convert the temperature from Kelvin back to Celsius:
T₂ = 632 K - 273 = 359°C
Thus, the required temperature t₂ is 359°C.