How does ph affect enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

Answers

Answer 1
Changes in pH may not only affect the shape of an enzyme but it may also change the shape or charge properties of the substrate so that either the substrate connot bind to the active site or it cannot undergo catalysis. In geneal enzyme have a pHoptimum. However the optimum is not the same for each enzyme
Answer 2

Each enzyme has an optimum pH level at which it shows its highest activity. Below or above this pH, the activity level probably decreases.

What are enzymes ?

Enzymes are biological catalysts in living bodies. There are thousands of individual enzymes present in human body itself. Each enzymes are having their specific functions.

Enzymes have a pocket like receptor structure on which the substrate can attach. Hence enzymes provide a perfect platform for a chemical reaction. Each enzymes has an optimum pH and temperature at which it can shows it highest activity.

For example, the enzyme pepsin functions in digestion in humans works at a pH of 2. Similarly the enzyme amylase will be active only at pH around 7. This way, enzymes activity is significantly dependent on the pH.

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Related Questions

Number the elements sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, and chlorine in the predicted order ionization energies from the highest to the smallest.

PLEASE HELP FAST!!!

Answers

Chlorine              1
Phosphorus        2
Magnesium         3
Sodium               4

The order  of  ionization energies  from  the highest  to smallest is as below

Chlorine -1 ( highest)

phosphorus -2

magnesium-3

sodium-4 (smallest)

Explanation

sodium, magnesium,phosphorus  and chlorine are in period  three in periodic table.
The trend of ionization energy across period 3 is that it increases across the period ( from the left to the right).
The ionization energy increases  across the period 3 because  there are more protons  in each nucleus  which led to increase in nuclear  charge across the period. ( from left to the right)
This led to increase  in force  of attraction between nucleus and outer  electron.( from the left to the right)
 among the four element  given above from the left  of period 3  , Sodium is 1st element  followed  by magnesium, then phosphorus and then  chlorine.
Therefore since sodium is in left side it has the smallest ionization energy while chlorine has the highest ionization energy  since is is located at the fur right  of period  3.

Margarine is usually made by a process called ________, in which hydrogen atoms are added to unsaturated fatty acids found in vegetable oils.

Answers

saturation, this is where all the octets are filled with hydrogens

Jupiter has a gravity of 2.9, what would your weight be on Jupiter if you weighed 84 lbs on Earth?

Answers

gravity on earth= 1.98
gravity on jupiter= 2.9
1.98/2.9= .683
84x.683= 57.352
57.352+84= 141.352

how was the first periodic table of the elements organized?




Answers

In 1869 Dmitri Mendeleev developed the periodic table of the elements, in which he arranged chemical elements by atomic mass. In case there would be some more new elements, the chemist left some spaces open, predicting the discovery of other elements.

Fats that are liquid at room temperature can be made more solid by the process of ________.

Answers

Process of hydrogenation

When carbon is burned in air, it reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. when 18.0 g of carbon were burned in the presence of 62.3 g of oxygen, 14.3 g of oxygen remained unreacted. what mass of carbon dioxide was produced?

Answers

C + O2 --> CO2

18g C = 18/12.01 = 1.49 moles (Limiting Reagent) 
62.3-14.3 = 48g oxygen that reacted 
48g O = 3 moles 

For the element barium, which wavelength of light is produced by the largest drop in energy for an electron? Which represents the smallest drop? Explain.

Answers

For such calculation, we apply Planck's equation:
E = nhc / λ; where n is the number of photons, h is the Planck's constant, c is the speed of light and λ is the wavelength of the light.
As is visible from the equation, energy and wavelength have an inverse relationship. Therefore, larger energy drops produce smaller wavelengths and smaller drops produce larger wavelengths.

Which equation represents an interaction of a weak base with water?

Answers

N2H4(aq) + H2O(l) N2H5 + (aq) + OH1-(aq) this would be the equation for the problem or c for plato users
Final answer:

The interaction of a weak base with water is represented by the equation B(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇒ BH+(aq) + OH⁻(aq), where the weak base forms its conjugate acid and a small proportion of hydroxide ions. An example of this is the reaction of trimethylamine with water, which does not fully dissociate and reaches equilibrium mostly in the nonionized base form.

Explanation:

The equation that represents the interaction of a weak base with water is B(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇒ BH+(aq) + OH⁻(aq). This equation shows that when a weak base (represented by B) reacts with water, it forms its conjugate acid (BH+) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻), though not to the extent that a strong base would. The reaction of water acting as an acid with the weak base forms these two products. A weak base will give only a small proportion of hydroxide ions compared to a strong base, which fully dissociates in water.

For example, a weak base such as trimethylamine ((CH3)3N), interacts with water as follows: (CH3)3N(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇒ (CH3)3NH+(aq) + OH⁻(aq). This reaction reaches an equilibrium where most of the base is in the nonionized form.

Overall, the strength of a base is determined by its tendency to form hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. The equilibrium constant for the ionization of a weak base, known as the base ionization constant (Kb), helps in quantitating this tendency. A base that has a Kb value closer to that of water is a weaker base, whereas one with a Kb value further from that of water is a stronger base.

In the formation of table salt, the product, NaCl, has less energy than the reactants, Na and Cl 2 . This reaction is ____________

exothermic
endothermic

Answers

Exothermic I think that the correct
I think it's exothermic.

Which type of change occurs when electrons form a bond between two atoms?
a. atomic change
b. chemical change
c. physical change
d. phase change?

Answers

B is the answer. hope this helps

Taking into consideration Genesis 1:28, what is the value of methodical problem solving?

Answers

And God blessed them, and God said to them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth. The above is text of the Bible Genesis 1:28. It appears to be an admonishment to man to have control over every living thing. but also has been interpreted as suggesting that man use "science and beneficence" in this task and by implication using methodical problem solving to build civilizations in a step by step manner from ancient pyramids and stone cities to modern skyscrapers and hand shovels to modern excavators for example.

How do insects walk on water? hydrogen bonding, cohesion, surface tension?

Answers

the answer is surface tension. thats also how jesus did it

Ammonia can also be synthesized by the reaction 3h2(g)+n2(g)→2nh3(g) what is the theoretical yield of ammonia, in kilograms, that we can synthesize from 5.22 kg of h2 and 31.5 kg of n2? express the mass in kilograms to three significant figures.

Answers

We are given the complete reaction:

3 H2(g)  +  N2(g) → 2 NH3(g)

 

First let us convert mass to moles.

moles H2 = 5.22 kg / (2 kg/kmol) = 2.61 kmol H2

moles N2 = 31.5 kg / (28 kg/kmol) = 1.125 kmol N2

 

Then we find for the limiting reactant. The limiting reactant is the one who has lower (moles/coefficient) ratio.

H2 = 2.61 / 3 = 0.87

N2 = 1.125 / 1 = 1.125

 

Hence the H2 is the limiting reactant so we should base the calculation of NH3 from it. We see that 2 moles of NH3 is produced for every 3 moles of H2, therefore:

moles NH3 = 2.61 kmol H2 * (2 kmol NH3 / 3 kmol H2) = 1.74 kmol

 

The molar mass of NH3 is 17 kg/kmol, therefore the mass NH3 is:

mass NH3 = 1.74 kmol * 17 kg/kmol

mass NH3 = 29.58 kg

Given:
3H2(g)+H2(g)→2NH3(g)

5.22 kg of H2
31.5 kg of N2

Required: Theoretical Yield of NH3

Solution:

Check for the limiting reactant,
5.22 kg H2 x mol/2 kg H2 = 2.61 mol H2
31.5 kg N2 x mol/28 kg N2 = 1.125 mol N2

According to the balanced equation, we need 3 moles of H2 and 1 mole of N2 to produce 2 moles of NH3.  Based on our previous calculation, the limiting reactant is H2 since we have only 2.61 moles.

Solving,

2.61 mols H2 x 2 mols NH3/3 mols H2 = 1.74 mols NH3
1.74 mols NH3 x 17 kg NH3/1 mol NH3 = 29.58 kg NH3

ANSWER: Theoretical Yield is 29.58 kg NH3

The n = 1 shell contains ________ p orbitals. all the other shells contain ________ p orbitals.

Answers

When determining the location of electrons using quantum numbers, the n=1 shell only contains the 1s orbital; therefore the shell contains zero p orbitals. All the other shells contain one less than the n number, or n-1 p orbitals.

Answer:

Zero; Three

Explanation:

The quantum numbers are the set of four described unique values that describes each electron in the orbitals of the atom. The four quantum numbers are the principal, azimuthal, magnetic, and spin.

The principal quantum number (n) gives the energy levels of the electrons. The value of n is always n ≥ 1.

The azimuthal quantum number, also known as the orbital quantum number, describes the shape of the subshell. The values of this quantum number ranges from 0 ≤  ℓ ≤ n − 1.

For n = 1,

The value of:  ℓ = n-1 = 1-1 = 0

∵  ℓ = 0 ⇒ s-orbital

Therefore, in n=1 shell, there is only one value of ℓ. So, there is only one s-orbital and zero p-orbital.

For n > 1,

The value of: l = n-1 > 0

Therefore, for n > 1 shell, there are more than one values of ℓ. So, n > 1 shells contains a set of three p-orbitals each.

Which phrase best describes an exothermic chemical reaction? a does not absorb any energy b forms products with higher bond energy than reactants c is in a state of equilibrium d releases more energy than it absorbs?

Answers

The correct answer is d. The reaction releases more energy than it absorbs. An example of an exothermic reaction is fire. Connecting the carbon atoms in wood with the oxygen in the air causes flames and gives of heat and light.

Why does it make sense that if an atom loses electrons, it is left with a positive charge?

Answers

Electrons are negatively charged. If you remove negative particles, the leftover atom is positive and positive is really just another word for "less negative".

Ions can be made by single element or covalently bonded group of elements. On removing an electron from an atom, atoms occupy positive charge.

What is Ions?

Any species that contain charge whether it is positive charge or negative charge is called ions. The example of polyatomic ions are sulfate, phosphate, nitrate etc.

Cation is the species that loose electron and attain positive charge while anion is a species which gain electron and attains negative charge. Electrons are negatively charged. If we remove negative particles, the leftover atom is positive. when anion and cation combine in fixed ration the the overall charge of the molecule is zero that is molecule is neutral.

Therefore, on removing an electron from an atom, atoms occupy positive charge.

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What does the law of conservation of mass state about the chemical process?

Answers

Hi, Pipsquad!

In a chemical reaction, the law of conservation states that the total mass of the product is equal to the total mass of the reactants.

Hope this helps!
-Timmeh

Rontloc pestu (Scrambled word)

Answers

Is it "control setup"?

Answer:

control setup

Explanation:

I looked it up

What is the difference between alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?

Answers

Fermentation occurs when there is a lack of oxygen. Alcoholic fermentation occurs in plants such as yeast. Whereas, Lactic acid fermentation occurs in humans and when we are deprived of oxygen.

Answer:

Differences

Lactic acid fermentation involved a   step  from Pyruvate  to Lactate in muscles and bacteria

Alcoholic fermentation  involved a  two way   step- pyruvate → ethanal  

and

Ethanal→ ethanol  in yeast cells

End products  

Lactic acid fermentation ; lactase  is the end product

Alcoholic fermentation- C02 and Alcohol:  Alcohol is give off

Enzymes

Lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase are the  two enzymes for catalysis of  lactic acid fermentation reactions  

The two enzymes of  alcoholic fermentation are; Pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase,

Explanation:

Which of the following is true concerning atoms? A.Atoms are made of even smaller substances called subatomic particles B.The properties of atoms cannot be measured or observed

Answers

a.) atoms are made of even smaller atoms

Answer:

A.Atoms are made of even smaller substances called subatomic particles

Explanation:

Atoms are made up of small subatomic particles such as protons, electrons and neutrons.  

Protons and neutron are located in the center of the atom. Electrons orbit the center of the nucleus. Hence option A is incorrect.

Properties of an atom can be studied. The chemical property of an aton depends on its atomic number or the number of protons. Some atoms are inherently unstable and their radioactive properties are also studied. Hence option B is incorrect.  

What is the potential energy of the products minus potential energy of the reactants?

Answers

Exothermic reactions have a potential energy difference between the products and reactants that is negative.

An atom nucleus contains 28 protons and the atom has a mass number of 60. how many neutrons does this atom contain? how many electrons? what is the identity of the atom?

Answers

Number of neutrons = mass number - proton number = 60- 28 = 32
electrons = proton number for a neutral atom = 28
the identity of the atom is written as
60
. X
28
Final answer:

The given atom contains 32 neutrons, 28 electrons, and is identified as Nickel (Ni) based on its 28 protons.

Explanation:

An atom's mass number is the sum of its protons and neutrons. Given that this atom has 28 protons and a mass number of 60, we subtract the number of protons from the mass number to find the number of neutrons. Therefore, 60 mass number - 28 protons equals 32 neutrons. As the number of protons in a neutral atom equals the number of electrons, this atom has 28 electrons.

The identity of the atom is determined by the atomic number which is equal to the number of protons. In this case with 28 protons, this atom is Nickel (Ni), according to the periodic table.

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When writing the electron configuration for an element in the d block you have to remember to lower the energy level by 1. 

Question 2 options:

True

False

Answers

True. The d block shells are always n-1. f shells (lanthanides and actinides) are n-2 shell number.

john dalton said that all atoms are identical in size and mass. explain why this is incorrect.

Answers

This question can be explained in a variety of ways, but the easiest can be that elements exist, and since each has a different atomic mass, all atoms are not identical in size and mass.

The cube has a mass of 3,300 g. What is its density? g/cm3 What substance is it?

Answers

The density of the cube is 0.22

Answer:the Density is 0.22 and the Substance is Cork

Explanation:

calculate the energy of a photon of radiation with a wavelength of 6.4x10^-7 m.

Answers

I think the answer is 0.00000064.
Please tell me if I'm wrong.

Final answer:

The energy of a photon with a wavelength of 6.4x10^-7 m can be calculated using Planck's equation, E = hc/λ, giving a result of E = 3.11 x 10^-19 Joules.

Explanation:

To calculate the energy of a photon of radiation with a wavelength of 6.4x10^-7 m, you use the equation derived from Planck's equation, specifically E = hc/λ, where E is the energy of the photon, h is Planck’s constant (6.626 × 10^-34 J-s), c is the speed of light (3.00 × 10^8 m/s), and λ is the wavelength. So plugging in the given wavelength, we get:

E = (6.626 × 10^-34 J-s)*(3.00 × 10^8 m/s) / 6.4x10^-7 m

Performing this calculation gives E = 3.11 x 10^-19 Joules. This is the energy of the photon.

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If a poison expires, is it no longer poison, or is it more poisonous?

Answers

If poison expires it becomes less poisonous and soon it won't be poisonous. Depends on what kind of poison as well 
IT depends completely on the TYPE of poisin, some posions dont even expire

Explain why metals are capable of conducting electricity while ionic solids are not.

Answers

Metal atoms have outer electrons which are not tied to any one atom. These electrons can move freely within the structure of a metal when an electric current is applied. There are no such free electrons in covalent or ionic solids, so electrons can't flow through them..
however ionic solids might be able to conduct electricity in their molten state to a certain degree

When we write the reaction mg(oh)2(aq) ⇌ mg2+(aq) + 2oh-(aq) we are indicating that?

Answers

The forward and reverse rates of the reaction are equal, therefore it is in equilibrium. This is indicated by the double arrows pointing in the left and right directions.

A. what are isotopes?
b. how are the isotopes of a particular element alike?
c. how are they different?​

Answers

Answer:

A.) An isotope is an atom that has the same number of protons (or the same atomic number) as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons (and thus a different atomic mass)

B.) They are alike because every element has its own isotopes, H has three isotopes protium, deuterium, tritium

C.) They are different from each other due to having the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Final answer:

Isotopes are variations of a single element with the same proton count but various neutron counts. As a result, their chemical properties are comparable, but they may have different physical characteristics, such as atomic mass and stability.

Explanation:

Isotopes are various versions of a single element that have varied numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons. Isotopes of the same element share the same number of protons and electrons, hence they essentially have the same chemical properties.

However, due to variations in their atomic weights, isotopes of a particular element might have different physical characteristics. Different stability levels are frequently the result of this variation in atomic mass.

Some isotopes may also be radioactive, which means they are unstable and release radiation as they decay over time.

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Which figurative language technique is demonstrated in this sentence?"The boat resisted, and refused to answer for a while, and next she came surging to starboard, mounted the reef, and sent a long, angry ridge of water foaming away from her bows."A. similieB. metaphorC. hyperboleD. personification 1.Factor the expression 3x^3 + 4x^2 - 15x - 20 Please show work! Where in the ocean are you likely to find animals that make their own light?A. The mesopelagic zoneB. The continental shelf C. The epipelagic zoneD. The Gulf Stream Nominal gdp is: question 31 options:a.the inflation-adjusted gdp.b.the constant-dollar gdp.c.the real gdp minus depreciation.d.the current-dollar gdp. Variable costing is more appropriate than absorption costing when the decision ________. a grandmother is making clothes for her three granddaughters. She'll make a jacket and one other item for each granddaughter. The three other items will be exactly the same. A jacket takes 1 5/8 yards of fabric. She had 10 yards of material of. She's trying to figure out how much fabric she has for each of the three extra items. Write a number sentence to represent the situation of the total fabric use. Mike and tom debone chicken breasts for ted's chicken co. mike is new and can only debone 30 chicken breasts per hour by hand, while tom's experience allows him to debone 60 chicken breasts per hour by hand. ted buys one new machine that can debone 100 chicken breasts per hour. both mike and tom work the same 40 hours per week, but one of them is assigned to operate the machine instead of deboning the chicken breasts by hand. to obtain maximum average hourly productivity, ______ is assigned to use the machine and their combined average hourly productivity as a team is ______ chicken breasts Calculate the kinetic energy in joules of a 1500 kg automobile moving at 19 m/s Please, create a song or song/s detailing the life of each person on the manor. Create names for each of the characters. The lyrics of the song should help others understand the tasks involved in the daily life of each of the following people: Lord Lady (noblewoman) Peasant Knight Craftsman (such as blacksmith, miller, etc.) One car rental company charges $30 per day plus $0.25 per mile driven. a car company charges $40 per day plus $0.10 per mile driven. how many miles must you drive for a one-day rental at the second company to be less expensive than the same rental at the first company? write an inequality to solve. if 4.1 L of gas at 22 degrees celsius is heated to 52 degrees celsius, what would the final volume be? What are ethics? how would they apply to business and technology? Lola visits trish in weston, ct. at some point, lola asks trish whether there is a lot of crime in weston. although crime rarely occurs there, trish recalls a recent news story about a weston drug store robbery. on the basis of this memory, she then tells lola that there is a lot of crime in weston. this scenario illustrates reliance on the ____________ heuristic. the purpose of the flashbacks in "Disguises" is to give the readerA.some info from the pastB.info about a story's settingC.a hint about some future development D.insight into a characters family Stacy couldn't wait to get to Macy's the first thing in the morning. She wanted to be one of those people that stood outside the store and rushed in as soon as the doors were open. She put on her clothes and wore comfortable shoes in case she had to wait awhile. When she got there, a whole bunch of people were already in line. She didn't mind waiting, though. As soon as the doors were open, Stacy rushed in with the others. She wanted to buy gifts for family and friends for the holidays. Since Stacy had to save up for school, she didn't want to pay an arm and a leg to buy the gifts.The phrase an arm and a leg means that Stacy A. did not want to walk to the shopping mall. B. did not like touching things while shopping. C. did not want to use her hands and legs. D. did not want to spend a lot of money. What are six disadvantages of self-employment? Increased activity in the ________ during rem sleep may best explain why dream images are often accompanied by a strong emotional tone. Twenty-five members of the eighth grade class at Park Center Middle School are going to a museum and then to lunch. Each student must pay an entrance fee to the museum and $7.25 for lunch. The total cost for the trip is $443.75. What is the entrance fee for one student? Hugh hefner's playboy magazine became an instant success in 1953 thanks in part to Below are two different functions, f(x) and g(x). What can be determined about their slopes? f(x) George reads 200 pages in 40 minutes. x g(x) 4 8 4 10 4 28 Steam Workshop Downloader