How many electrons would be expected in the outermost electron shell of an atom with atomic number 12?
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Next, it is important to understand electron shells.
The first electron shell around an atom always has 2 valence electrons with the exception of Hydrogen because it only has one electron to begin with. It doesn't have enough electrons to fill it up with 2e-.
Every electron shell after the first shell fills up with electrons until it runs out of electrons or until it reaches 8 electrons. Once a shell fills up with 8 electrons a new shell is started. This pattern continues until all the atom's electrons are used up.
I drew a picture of this atom and its electron shells so that you can see what I mean. The answer is: The outermost shell will have 2 electrons on it. The electrons on the outermost shell are called valence electrons.
If you understand the material, often times you can use a shortcut for this problem. (atomic #)12 - (shell 1)2- (Shell 2)8= 2e- You keep subtracting 8 until your answer is less than or equal to 8.
Hope that made sense! Comment with any questions if things are still unclear or if you think I made a mistake. :)
Final answer:
A neutral magnesium (Mg) atom, with atomic number 12, has 2 electrons in its outermost shell.
Explanation:
The atom with atomic number 12 is magnesium (Mg), and according to its electronic configuration, it has 12 electrons.
In a neutral magnesium atom, the first shell (1s) is filled with 2 electrons, the second shell (2s and 2p) contains a total of 8 electrons, and the third and outermost shell has 2 electrons, as expressed in the electronic configuration of Mg (1s²2s²2p¶3s²).
Therefore, the number of electrons in the outermost electron shell of an atom with atomic number 12 would be 2.
Related Questions
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The following graph shows the relationship between predator and prey populations. If the time is measured in months, how long does the predator rise in population follow the prey rise in population?
a. About six months
b. About two months
c. About one month
d. About eight months
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The job outlook for physical therapists
A) is weak to very poor.
B) depends on the economy.
C) will remain stable.
D) will improve over time.
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D) will improve over time.
Physical therapists are extremely skilled experts in the evolution and purpose of the human body. The purpose of a physical therapist is to improve the patient's capacity to move, reduce anxiety, restore employment, and prevent incapacity. Physical therapy is a requisite element of inpatient care here is a high demand for physical therapists in the workforce. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the profession of physical therapists is required to grow by 36 percent from 2014 to 2024, much durable than the average for all professions.
The job outlook for physical therapists is projected to improve over time, due to increasing demands from aging populations and those with chronic conditions that impact mobility.
The job outlook for physical therapists D) will improve over time. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of physical therapists is projected to grow much faster than the average for all occupations. Demand for physical therapy services will come from aging baby boomers, who are staying active later in life. Physical therapists will also be needed to treat people with mobility issues stemming from chronic conditions, such as obesity or diabetes.
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Does matter have protons, nuetrons, and electrons ??
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The "stickiness" of water results from the ______________ bonding of water molecules.
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How is the mass in grams of the element converted to amount in moles
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What does the velocity of a wave describe
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Answer:if you increase the frequency, the wave length will be shortened
Explanation:
An _____ is a hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms is replaced by a -COH group.
A. aldehyde
B. alcohol
C. ester
D. amino acid
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Esters (=O)
Alcohols (-OH)
Amino acids (-NH2COOH)
Answer : The correct option is, (A) Aldehyde
Explanation :
Alcohol group : It is the class of organic compound in which the hydroxy (-OH) group is attached to a hydrocarbon is known as alcohols.
The general representation of alcohol are, [tex]R-OH[/tex].
For example : [tex]CH_3-CH_2-OH[/tex] is obtained when one hydrogen atom is replaced by [tex]-OH[/tex] group.
Amino acid : Amino acid are the acid that contains two functional groups which are carboxylic group, [tex]-COOH[/tex] and ammine group, [tex]-NH_2[/tex].
The bond present between the two amino acid is a peptide bond. The peptide bond is formed between the nitrogen of one amino acid and carbon of another amino acid.
Ester group : It is the class of organic compound in which the [tex]-COO[/tex] group is attached to a hydrocarbon is known as ester.
The general formula of ester are, [tex]R-COO-R^'[/tex]. It is directly attached to the two alkyl group of carbon.
Aldehyde group : It is the class of organic compound in which the (-CHO) group is attached to a hydrocarbon is known as aldehyde.
The general representation of aldehyde are, [tex]R-CHO[/tex].
For example : [tex]CH_3-CH_2-CHO[/tex] is obtained when one hydrogen atom is replaced by [tex]-CHO[/tex] group.
Hence, the correct option is, (A) Aldehyde
If zinc chloride weighs 136.28 g/mol, what is its molecular formula? show calculations
Answers
The molecular formula of zinc chloride, which has a molar mass of 136.28 g/mol, is ZnCl2. This was determined by summing the molar mass of one zinc atom and two chlorine atoms.
Explanation:To find the molecular formula of zinc chloride, we need to know the atomic masses of zinc and chlorine. The atomic mass of zinc is approximately 65.38 g/mol whereas chlorine has an atomic mass of approximately 35.45 g/mol. Since we know that zinc chloride is composed of one zinc atom and two chlorine atoms (ZnCl2), we can calculate the molar mass as follows:
So, the molecular formula for zinc chloride is ZnCl2.
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The molecular formula of zinc chloride, given a molar mass of 136.28 g/mol, is determined to be ZnCl2 by dividing the difference between the molar mass and the atomic mass of zinc by the atomic mass of chlorine and finding that there are approximately two chlorine atoms per zinc atom.
Explanation:The molecular formula of zinc chloride can be determined using its molar mass of 136.28 g/mol and the atomic masses of zinc (65.38 g/mol) and chlorine (35.45 g/mol). If we assume the formula is ZnClx, where x is the number of chlorine atoms, we can calculate x as follows:
Molar mass of ZnClx = atomic mass of Zn + (x)(atomic mass of Cl)
136.28 g/mol = 65.38 g/mol + (x)(35.45 g/mol)
Solving for x gives us:
x = (136.28 g/mol – 65.38 g/mol) / 35.45 g/mol
x ≈ 2
Therefore, the molecular formula of zinc chloride is ZnCl2.
Janice is given a mixture of alcohol and water. The teacher tells her that she can use temperature to separate these compounds. What property is being demonstrated by this experiment.
A) conduction
B) density
C) solubility
D) boiling
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Answer: D) boiling
Explanation:
In order to separate a mixture of alcohol and water the mixture can be heated until the alcohol boils. The boiling point of alcohol is lower than water. The alcohol will boil off leaving the water.
Final answer:
The experiment utilizes the physical property of boiling points to separate a mixture of alcohol and water through distillation, demonstrating how substances with different volatilities can be separated without altering their chemical properties. The correct answer is D) boiling.
Explanation:
The experiment demonstrates the physical property of boiling points by utilizing temperature to separate a mixture of alcohol and water. This is because alcohol and water have different boiling points, which allows them to be separated through a process known as distillation. Distillation relies on the fact that the substance with the lower boiling point (in this case, alcohol) will vaporize first, and then it can be condensed back into a liquid and collected separately from water. This method is a physical process that does not alter the chemical properties of the substances involved.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is D) boiling. This property is crucial for separating mixtures into their component substances by taking advantage of their different volatilities, a measure of how easily a substance converts to gas at a given temperature.
How many sugar molecules are in 0.734 mol sugar, C6H12O6? Please explain
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The calculation should be like this: 0.734 mol * 6.02*10^23 molecule/ mol= 4.41 * 10^23 molecule
Which scenario would cause a covalent bond to form?
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"1.Two atoms share electrons so they can fill their outer shells2.The constant motion of electrons and the creation of charge imbalances bonds two molecules together3.A hydrogen atom with a slight positive charge is attracted to a negative charge of another molecule or atom4.One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom gains one or more electrons"
The correct answer would be number 1. A covalent bond is achieved when two atoms share electrons from their outer shell so that they have a full outer shell leading to the electronic configuration balance they need.
What do the properties of waves moving through aquatic environments tell us about the organisms living in those environments?
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Explain the conductivity results observed for sodium chloride in the solid state and in aqueous solution
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NaCl when in solid state does not conduct electricity while it does in aqueous solution.
Explanation:
NaCl (or what we call common salt) first needs to be either melted or dissolved in a solution for it to conduct electricity. The reason for this is that electrons in a solid state does not have enough freedom to move to either the Cathode (-ve) or to the Anode (+ve). So in a liquid state the electrons are now free enough to move.
The ionic nature of sodium chloride (NaCl) influences its ability to conduct electricity. It is non-conductive in solid form as the ions are fixed and aren't able to move. However, in an aqueous solution or when molten, the ions dissociate and can freely move, enabling the conduction of electricity.
Explanation:Sodium chloride, or NaCl, displays different conductivity results in its solid state versus aqueous solution due to its ionic nature. When NaCl is in its solid state, it does not conduct electricity because the ions are fixed in place and cannot flow. It is said that electricity is the flow of charged particles, and in the case of a solid such as solid NaCl, these charged particles, i.e. ions, are unable to flow due to the rigid ionic lattice structure.
However, the situation changes when sodium chloride is in an aqueous solution or when it is molten. Sodium chloride, when dissolved in water, dissociates into ions, producing free flowing Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions are electrolytes and are capable of conducting an electrical current in solution. Similar thing happens when it becomes molten due to high heat, sodium chloride melts at around 801 °C, freeing the ions and allowing them to conduct electricity.
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Jimmy does a cannonball into the swimming pool. After surfacing and floating for a few seconds, he observes something interesting. He notices that if he takes deep breaths his body seems to float more. Also he notices that he sinks into the water after he releases his breath. Explain why this is happening to Jimmy.
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Therefore, when Jimmy takes a deep breath, he fills his lings with air which is lighter than water, therefore, he floats.
On the other hand, when he releases his breath, he loses the air, therefore, he sinks in the water.
You can imagine your lungs as a balloon. When you fill the balloon with air, you will find that the balloon floats in water.
Aqueous lithium sulfate was mixed with aqueous strontium chlorate, and a crystallized strontium sulfate product was formed. consider the other product and its phase, and then write the balanced molecular equation for this precipitation reaction
Answers
Lithium sulfate is Li2SO4
Strontium chlorate is Sr(ClO3)2
Strontium sulfate is SrSO4
So the complete balanced chemical reaction for this is:
Li2SO4 (aq) + Sr(ClO3)2 (aq) --> SrSO4 (s) + 2 LiClO3 (aq)
This is a type of double replacement reaction since there is an exchange of ions.
In a precipitation reaction between aqueous lithium sulfate and strontium chlorate, strontium sulfate precipitates while lithium chlorate remains aqueous. The balanced molecular equation for this reaction is: Li2SO4 (aq) + Sr(ClO3)2 (aq) → SrSO4 (s) + 2 LiClO3 (aq).
Explanation:When aqueous lithium sulfate (Li2SO4) is mixed with aqueous strontium chlorate (Sr(ClO3)2), one product that forms is strontium sulfate (SrSO4), which crystalizes due to its insolubility in water. The other product is lithium chlorate (LiClO3), which remains aqueous due to its high solubility.
The balanced molecular equation representing this precipitation is: Li2SO4 (aq) + Sr(ClO3)2 (aq) → SrSO4 (s) + 2 LiClO3 (aq).
This equation reflects the conversion of the reactants, lithium sulfate and strontium chlorate, into the products, strontium sulfate (a precipitate) and lithium chlorate.
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2na + cl2 → 2nacl in this chemical reaction a very reactive metal, sodium, combines with a poisonous gas and results in the formation of ordinary table salt. in the chemical reaction ______________ is the product.
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Answer:
NaCl is the product
Explanation:
What is unique about the orbitals around the nucleus of an atom?
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The thing that makes the orbitals surrounding an atom's nucleus special is that the energy level changes as the electrons occupy space farther away from the nucleus. The s, p, d, and f orbitals are distinct because the nucleus is dropped as their energy rise and their bonds weaken.
Generally speaking, an atom's electrons have a lot of special characteristics, such as how they orbit the nucleus.
The electrons that it contains
Additionally, the energy level that changes when electrons occupy space farther from the nucleus
The s, p, d, and f orbitals are distinct because the nucleus is dropped as their energy rise and their bonds weaken.
What is the concentration of a solution prepared by dissolving 100g of sorbitol in 1000 ml of water?
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first you divide them together and get an answer of 10 then you times it by 5 and your answer is 50 ml
Under which conditions will sugar most likely dissolve fastest in a cup of water? open study
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A tub of water is placed in a small room. If heat is removed from the room, which of the following will most likely occur if enough heat is removed?
Question 3 options:
A.The water will freeze.
B.The water will evaporate.
C.The water will become a gas.
D.The water will change from gas to solid
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Someone help me please
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how many moles of sodium carbonate na2co3 are contained by 57.3 g of sodium carbonate
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we can calculate number of moles in a compound by dividing number of grams of compound by the molar mass of the compound.
molar mass of sodium carbonate = 105.987 g/mol
now, 57.3 / 105.987 = 0.54 moles
In this experiment you are directed to add a limited amount of naoh (aq) and then an excess amount. a similar strategy will be used with the addition of nh3(aq). why?
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Adding a limited amount of NaOH and then an excess amount is because initially, a metal hydroxide may form which gets soluble when more base will be added and then form a metal complex.
What is qualitative analysis?Qualitative Analysis can be described as the determination of non-numerical information about a chemical species, a reaction, etc. Qualitative analysis is often easier, faster, and cheaper to perform.
In qualitative analysis, we commonly add the base in drops, and then in addition will be done in excess. When the base is added in drops, then metal hydroxide is formed and this metal hydroxide is often insoluble.
After the formation of metal hydroxide, the base can be added in excess so that the metal hydroxide which was formed first will dissolve in the excess base by forming a metal complex.
For example,
[tex]CuCl_2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) \longrightarrow Cu(OH)_2(s) + 2NaCl(aq)\\Cu(OH)_2(s) + 2OH^-(aq) \longrightarrow[Cu(OH)4]^{2+}(aq)[/tex]
This same strategy can be used with the addition of ammonia NH₃(aq).
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Adding limited and then an excess amount of NaOH and NH₃(aq) helps in selective titration and neutralization reactions when dealing with mixtures. It ensures accurate stoichiometry and the formation of desired products while maintaining appropriate conditions such as pH.
In the described experiment, adding a limited and then an excess amount of NaOH as well as NH₃ is a strategy used to perform selective titrations in the presence of multiple reactive species. The use of NaOH in limited amounts allows for the neutralization of specific components, such as acids in a mixture, while minimizing interference from other components. For NH₃, since it is a weak base and would react to form ammonium ions (NH₄⁺ ), adding NaOH in excess ensures that any conjugate acid forms of amines present are converted back to the free base, making it easier to extract due to its non-polar nature.
When dealing with a mixture containing NH₄⁺ ions, their titration with NaOH can be problematic due to a poorly-defined end point. This is because NH₄⁺ is a weak acid with a very low acid dissociation constant (Ka), resulting in an end point that is difficult to detect accurately. By adding NaOH in varying amounts, chemists are able to control the reactions and attain the correct stoichiometry needed for analytical purposes or product formation.
Moreover, buffers such as the HC₂H₃O₂/NaC₂H₃O₂ buffer help to maintain pH levels when strong bases are added, preventing significant pH changes by converting the OH⁻ ions into water instead of simply increasing the basicity of the solution.
If an atom has an equal number of electrons and protons, it would be considered ________
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What does henry miller mean when he says "Life moves on,whether we act as cowards or heroes"?
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Compare and contrast the bonds in these two compounds: MgCl2 and C2H6. Include similarities and differences. Be sure to discuss both compounds in your answer.
PLEASE HELP!!!!!
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Dalton theorized that atoms are indivisible and that all atoms of an element are identical. Scientists now know that
A. Dalton’s theories are completely correct.
B. atoms of an element can have different numbers of protons.
C. atoms are all divisible.
D. all atoms of an element are not identical but they all have the same mass.
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Scientists know that atoms of elements are all divisible.
What is atomic structure ?Atomic structure refers to the structure of atom which consists of a nucleus in the center with protons and neutrons being present inside the nucleus .Protons are positively charged sub atomic particles while the neutrons are sub atomic particles which are electrically neutral.
Outside the nucleus , in circular orbits there are electrons revolving around the nucleus with negative charge on each electron .The history of atomic structure dates back to the time of Democritus who proposed that matter is made up of atoms.
The study of atom gives a great insight about the wide range of chemical reactions , chemical bonds and their physical properties.To explain the atomic structure , various atomic models were proposed like Dalton's atomic theory ,Thomson's atomic model and Rutherford's atomic model and Bohr's atomic model.
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List the following minerals in order of decreasing hardness: apatite, calcite, corundum, feldspar, and talc.
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Explanation:
Mohs scale is a scale that represents hardness of different minerals in increasing order from bottom to top.
So, according to Mohs scale hardness of given minerals is rated as follows.
Apaptite is at number 5.
Calcite is at number 3.
Corundum is at number 9.
Feldspar is at number 6.
Talc is at number 1.
Therefore, given minerals in order of decreasing hardness are listed as follows.
Corundum > Feldspar > Apaptite > Calcite > Talc
Xenon (xe) of mass 5.08 g reacts with fluorine to form 9.49 g of a xenon fluoride compound. what is the empirical formula of this compound?
Answers
mass of Xenon (Xe) = 5.08 g
mass of Fluorine (F) = 9.49 g - 5.08 g = 4.41 g
Determine the number of moles of each of the element in the compound.
moles of Xenon (Xe) = (5.08 g)(1 mol Xe / 131.29 g of Xe) = 0.0387 mols of Xe
moles of Fluorine (F) = (4.41 g)(1 mol F/ 19 g of F) = 0.232 mols of F
The empirical formula is therefore,
Xe(0.0387)F(0.232)
Dividing the numerical coefficient by the lesser number.
XeF₆
Final answer:
To find the empirical formula of a xenon fluoride compound, first calculate the mass of fluorine that reacted, then determine the mol amounts of both xenon and fluorine, and finally, simplify their ratio. The calculations reveal that the empirical formula of the compound is XeF₆.
Explanation:
To determine the empirical formula of the xenon fluoride compound formed when xenon (Xe) reacts with fluorine, we first need to figure out the mass of fluorine that reacted with xenon. Given that the original mass of xenon is 5.08 g and the final mass of the xenon fluoride compound is 9.49 g, the mass of fluorine that reacted can be calculated as 9.49 g - 5.08 g = 4.41 g.
Next, we calculate the molar amounts of xenon and fluorine in the compound. The molar mass of xenon (Xe) is approximately 131.29 g/mol, and the molar mass of fluorine (F) is approximately 19.00 g/mol. Therefore, the molar amount of xenon is 5.08 g / 131.29 g/mol = 0.0387 mol, and the molar amount of fluorine is 4.41 g / 19.00 g/mol = 0.232 mol.
Then, to find the empirical formula, we divide the molar amounts of both elements by the smallest value to simplify the ratio. This gives us a molar ratio of Xe:F approximated to 1:6, leading to the empirical formula of XeF₆.
Which ion will form a basic solution when dissolved in water? hso4-?
Answers
Final answer:
The hydrogen sulfate ion (HSO4-) will form a slightly basic solution when dissolved in water because it reacts to produce hydroxide ions (OH-) which increases the pH above 7.
Explanation:
The hydrogen sulfate ion (HSO4-) is the conjugate base of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and the conjugate acid of sulfate (SO42-). When HSO4- is dissolved in water, it can react with water to form hydrogen sulfate (H2SO4) and hydroxide ions (OH-), which causes the solution to be basic. This is due to the fact that it slightly ionizes to produce OH- ions. Based on the reactions and comparative strengths of acids and bases, HSO4- being a conjugate base of a strong acid is a very weak base and will therefore form a solution that is slightly basic, provided that the resulting concentration of OH- ions is greater than that of H3O+ ions in the water.