The U.S. federal judiciary is organized into three tiers: district courts, circuit courts, and the Supreme Court. The district courts are the trial courts, circuit courts are intermediate appellate courts, and the Supreme Court is the highest appellate court.
Explanation:The federal judiciary in the United States is organized into three tiers: the district courts, the circuit courts, and the Supreme Court. The district courts are the trial courts of the federal system. Here, cases are decided by a judge and possibly a jury. If a party is not satisfied with the outcome, they may choose to appeal to the circuit court. The circuit courts, also known as courts of appeals, are intermediate appellate courts. They review decisions from the district courts and can uphold or overturn those decisions. Lastly, the Supreme Court is the highest court in the federal system. It has the final authority on interpreting federal law and the Constitution. However, it only takes a limited number of cases each year, typically those that have a significant impact on the law and legal precedent.
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Why did indian agents and missionaries create indian schools off the reservations as part of the effort to solve what was seen as the "indian problem"?
Val and max are in their first year of middle school. statistically, one would expect their academic achievement to _____.
Final answer:
Middle school students' academic achievements, such as those of Val and Max, can vary based on socioeconomic factors and grade inflation trends.
Explanation:
When considering the academic achievement of students like Val and Max in their first year of middle school, one might expect their performance to be influenced by various factors, including socioeconomic status, grade inflation trends, and individual effort. Students coming from low-income households typically have lower achievement markers compared to those from higher-income families. However, over time there has been a trend where grade inflation has made it so that what used to be regarded as average (C-level) work is now receiving higher grades (B or A). Thus, depending on individual students' backgrounds and the changing educational landscape, their academic achievement can vary significantly and is subject to a complex set of influences.
The quotation was published in a Boston newspaper. Based on the quotation, which of these is MOST LIKELY true about the Stamp Act?
A)It taxed food and drink items
.B)It was supported by the colonists
.C)It was passed to help poor colonists
.D)It made the colonists angry with Britain.
In a study of education in the united states, __________ would look at the role the schools play in maintaining the social system as a whole; how education provides the young with skills they need later in life; and how education transmits cultural values from one generation to the next
When people communicate _____, they are often less focused on others' reactions and less inhibited in their self-disclosures?
via text message
a. via text message ✓
b. in a group setting x
c. via the telephone x
d. face to face x
Identify the four types of congressional committees, and describe the function served by each.
In Congress, four types of committees categorize the legislative workload: standing committees handle bills in specific areas, joint committees provide informational reports on key issues, conference committees reconcile different bill versions between the House and Senate, and special or select committees address particular problems often through investigations.
Explanation:The four types of congressional committees are integral to the legislative process.
First are the standing committees, which are permanent and handle bills related to specific policy areas. They play a crucial role in the legislative process, with subcommittees to examine proposals more closely.
Second, the joint committees consist of members from both the House and Senate and focus on important issues like the economy, but do not have bill referral powers. Their role is primarily informational.
The third type is the conference committees, which are temporary, ad hoc groups formed to reconcile different versions of a bill passed by the House and Senate. They are essential in finalizing the legislation but are sometimes bypassed to expedite the process.
Lastly, there are special, or select committees, also temporary, established to investigate specific issues that might not fall under the jurisdiction of existing committees.
These committees help divide the workload in Congress, enabling specialization and efficient handling of specific legislative issues, akin to departments in the executive branch. By understanding the function of these committees, one can better comprehend the complex process by which legislation is created, debated, and passed in Congress.
Research on sleep and dreaming confirms that
Research on sleep and dreaming confirms the importance and benefits of sleep for our overall health and well-being.
Explanation:Research on sleep and dreaming confirms that sleep is essential for our overall health and well-being. During sleep, our brain undergoes important processes such as memory consolidation and restoration. Dreams are a natural part of the sleep cycle, and they provide insight into our emotions, thoughts, and experiences.
For example, research has shown that adequate sleep improves learning and cognitive function. Lack of sleep, on the other hand, can lead to difficulties in concentration, memory problems, and mood disturbances.
Scientists use various methods to study sleep and dreaming, including polysomnography, which measures brain activity, eye movements, and muscle tone. Through this research, we have gained a better understanding of the importance of sleep and dreaming in maintaining our mental and physical well-being.
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if a majority of committee members support a bill,what is likely to happen to it
Answer:
The correct answer is: The committee will report the bill favorably to the floor.
Explanation:
A bill, in general terms, is the proposed law presented to the competent legislative body (Congress, Parliament or Assembly), and that has not yet been approved or ratified by it.
After passing a bill in general, you can delegate to your particular approval committees of the bill, with the vote of the absolute majority of your total members. The Chamber may, with the same number of votes, leave the delegation without effect and resume the ordinary procedure. The approval in commission will require the vote of the absolute majority of the total of its members. Once the project is approved in commission, the ordinary process will be followed.
Preconventional morality involves _____.
At the Preconventional level, the Norms are an external reality that are respected only by attending to the consequences, or the power of those who establish them. It is subdivided into two Stages:
Stage 1: Obedience and fear of punishment. It is the stage in which the Rules are respected for obedience and for fear of punishment. There is no autonomy but heteronomy: external agents determine what to do and what not to do.
Stage 2: Favor your own interests. It is the stage in which the Rules are assumed if they favor one's own interests. The individual aims to do what satisfies their interests, considering it right that others also pursue theirs.
Preconventional morality, as outlined in Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, is the initial stage of moral reasoning that typically occurs before the age of 9. Morality at this stage is based on self-interest and consequences such as rewards or punishments, rather than internalized societal standards or personal principles.
Explanation:Preconventional morality, as per Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, pertains to the first level of moral reasoning that an individual goes through, usually before the age of 9. At this stage, an individual's sense of morality is not informed by societal norms, conventions, or laws but is principally based on self-interest and likely consequences. Decisions are typically seen as morally right or wrong depending on the punishments or rewards associated with them.
For example, a child in the preconventional stage might decide not to lie because he fears punishment or hopes to receive a reward for honesty, not necessarily because he understands that lying is morally wrong. This stage precedes the conventional stage, which reflects a more nuanced understanding of societal rules, and ultimately, the post-conventional stage, where moral decisions are informed by a deeper, individualized understanding of justice and human rights.
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In Santa Fe District v. Doe, the court ruled that student led prayer at a school football game failed the lemon test because it was “too entangled.” What does this mean?
In this case, the question was whether student led prayer could be seen as an endorsement by the school of a particular religion. If this were the case, then students might feel pressured to comply with the prayer, and this would be equivalent to the school pushing religion unto the students.
The ruling declared that the prayer at the game was "too entangled." What this meant is that it was too difficult to separate the game from other school activities. The football game could be considered an extension of the school and therefore, should not endorse the practice of religion.
Children acquire vocabulary so efficiently and accurately that some theorists believe that
B.f. skinner and albert bandura would have disagreed about the importance of ____ in affecting behavior.
Who believes that social institutions were originally designed to meet basic survival needs?
The difference between ethnicity and race is that ethnicity refers to _____ characteristics, and race to _____ characteristics, distinguishing one group of people from another.
Ethnicity refers to cultural characteristics while race refers to perceived physical characteristics. Ethnicity involves shared culture and can change, while race is a social construct that historically involved physical traits.
Explanation:The difference between ethnicity and race lies in cultural and physical characteristics respectively. Ethnicity refers to cultural characteristics such as shared practices, norms, values, and beliefs including language, religion, and traditions. These are aspects of identity that individuals are born into, but can also embrace or change throughout their lives through individual choices and societal interactions.
In contrast, race is understood as a social construct that is fundamentally about superficial physical characteristics. Race historically derived from categorizations based on geographic origins, skin color, or ancestry, but today is less about familial ties and more about how society perceived physical differences to be significant. Importantly, minority groups are not exclusively defined by race or ethnicity but by their lack of power or subordinate position in a given society.
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Craig likes to add two spoons of sugar to his coffee. when he adds three spoons of sugar to his coffee, he does not notice a difference. craig also likes to add two spoons of sugar to his milk. in this case, however, he notices a difference when he adds three spoons of sugar. this phenomenon is best explained by the ponzo illusion. the stroop effect. weber's law. thorndike's law.
Imagine that you are a server in a fancy restaurant. when taking orders without writing anything down, what type of attention are you engaging in
When you think of special effects in movies, what are your favorite types of examples. name and describe the 2 movies you feel have most effectively used special effects. why?
Special effects for videos aid in the telling of a more engaging and interesting story. Special effects (SFX) are optical illusions or trickery used to imitate imagined happenings in a storyline or a fictional environment.
Special effects in films are artificial or mechanical visual effects that significantly enhance the audience's visual experience.
To keep audiences engaged, filmmakers must create better digital effects, some of which have the potential to redefine or transform the business in the future. The La La Land and the Interstellar has the best special effects because it takes the audience to the different world experience. The effects that make the audience forget the reality is a mesmerizing act from the filmmakers.
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3. The author writes that whoever develops a plan to make children useful should ''have his statue set up for a preserver of the nation.'' This means that the person who solves this problem deserves _____
Final answer:
The individual who can plan to make children useful to society would be greatly esteemed and honored with a statue, symbolic of the highest admiration for their contributions.
Explanation:
The phrase 'have his statue set up for a preserver of the nation' suggests that the individual who develops a plan to make children productive members of society would be so greatly esteemed that they would be honored monumentally. In this context, setting up a statue for someone is a symbol of the highest respect and admiration for their contributions to society. It means that the person who can solve the problem of helping children become useful to the commonwealth would be regarded as an immense benefactor to the nation, deserving of permanent remembrance and gratitude.
A family member's longest set of relationships are likely to be:
How is lily's relationship with zach causing her to change?
Sally, age 16, primps in front of every mirror she comes across, and believes that she is the focus of everyone's attention—even fictitious observers. sally is demonstrating _______.
Final answer:
Sally is demonstrating the concept of an 'imaginary audience,' which is common among adolescents and refers to the belief that they are the center of attention with many fictitious observers watching and judging them.
Explanation:
Sally, age 16, is demonstrating imaginary audience. This concept describes a state during adolescence when individuals believe they are the center of attention. The imaginary audience refers to the fictitious observers that adolescents think are continually watching and judging their appearance, ideas, and behavior. It is a result of adolescent egocentrism, a phase where teenagers have difficulty distinguishing between their perception of what others think about them and what people actually notice.
The phenomenon of the imaginary audience can impact one's self-consciousness and behavior significantly. Teenagers, like Sally, may become preoccupied with how they look and act, leading to a heightened sense of public self-awareness. This preoccupation with the self reflects their developmental needs to understand themselves in the context of their wider social environment, informed by both actual and perceived judgments of others. In some cases, it may also lead to behaviors aimed at distracting from deeper feelings of shame or inadequacy, as observed in some social practices.
Eunkyung's oven is dirty, and it smokes whenever she bakes anything. eunkyung is worried that it will catch fire, so whenever she smells smoke while baking, she quickly checks the oven. eunkyung is most likely experiencing a form of non-associative learning called
Eunkyung is most likely experiencing a form of nonassociative learning called sensitization. This is a type of learning process in which there is a presence of enhancement in response and are often repeated in which we could her behavior of having to check the oven repeatedly whenever she saw smoke or smell one and it is a sort of enhancement in response.
The people who have been accused of being witches by the court may save themselves from hanging by
Compare and contrast roman strategies for promoting stability along its borders with those of the han dynasty. How different were the threats that each empire faced from borderland peoples?
if a police applicant is asked questions about her favorite hobbies and religious beliefs, she may feel the test is not valid. in this case, her impression demonstrates the importance of ______ validity.
Research participants formed more gut-level liking for pokémon characters associated with positive rather than negative images. this best illustrates the impact of
Explain how intellectual and religious movements impacted the development of colonial north america
"the intensity of a conviction that a hypothesis is true has no bearing on whether it is true or not"?
Seeing a snake, and then simultaneously running away from it and becoming frightened, is the sequence of events postulated by ______ theory.
Thomas paine's classic pamphlet, ____, presented one of the most rousing arguments in favor of independence.