The major flaw in John B. Watson's Little Albert experiment was ethical in nature. 'Little Albert' was subject to psychological stress and possibly long-term trauma without consent. He was also never desensitized to the instilled fears, possibly resulting in life-long effects.
Explanation:The major flaw with John B. Watson's Little Albert experiment lay in its ethical considerations. Watson and his graduate student, Rosalie Rayner, subjected a nine-month-old boy called 'Albert' to repeated pairings of a white rat (which originally Albert showed no fear of) with a loud, frightening noise, until Albert began to cry at the sight of the rat alone.
This experiment showcased classic conditioning of fear, however, it had severe ethical shortcomings. Most importantly, the test subject 'Little Albert' was exposed to psychological distress and possible long-term trauma without his (or his legal guardian's) informed consent. Furthermore, 'Little Albert' was never desensitized to the fears Watson had conditioned, which may have resulted in long-term effects.
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The major flaw in Watson's Little Albert experiment was the unethical practice of not reversing the conditioned fear response and not obtaining consent from the very young participant, which conflict with today's ethical standards in psychology.
The major flaw with John B. Watson's Little Albert experiment lies in its unethical nature regarding psychological research standards. The experiment involved conditioning a 9-month-old boy, known as Little Albert, to fear a white rat by pairing it with a loud noise. Despite the success in creating a conditioned fear response, the substantial ethical issue is that Watson never deconditioned Albert's response, leaving him with a potential long-term psychological impact.
An additional ethical concern is the use of such a young child who could not consent to participate, coupled with the distressing nature of the stimulus used to cause fear. This lack of consent and the potential for harm would almost certainly prohibit such an experiment under today's ethical codes, which prioritize the welfare and rights of research participants.
Watson's study, while groundbreaking in demonstrating the principles of classical conditioning, serves as a pivotal example in discussing ethical issues in psychology and the imperative to protect participants from harm.
What did henry think about the lieutenant who hit him with a sword and reminded him to catch up and get into the ranks?
Which personality big five personality trait is considered the most controversial?
The five personality traits are OCEAN (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism).
Openness is the most controversial personality trait among the five traits.
What is openness trait about?Characteristics like inventiveness and insight are present in this trait. People that score well on this attribute also have a diverse set of interests. They are curious about the world and other people, and they are ready to learn new things and participate in new activities. People with a high level of this personality trait are more daring and inventive. People that score low on this feature tend to be more traditional and may have difficulty thinking abstractly.For more information about personality traits, refer below
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The constitution limits the government's ability to suspend writs of habeas corpus. what does this protect individuals against
Jan can see objects well up close, but they appear blurry from afar. she is probably __________.
Nearsightedness also called myopia is a basic condition in which the light coming into the eye isn't centered appropriately onto the retina, making it hard to see things far away. The condition is generally caused by an elongation of the eyeball that happens after some time.
Other than the fear of his physical safety what is winston's biggest fear in meeting with the girl 1984
Final answer:
Winston's greatest fear, apart from physical harm, is the potential betrayal and subsequent consequences from the Party, including torture and loss of freedom, when meeting with Julia in Orwell's '1984'.
Explanation:
In George Orwell's novel 1984, other than the fear for his physical safety, Winston's biggest fear in meeting with the girl, which we can infer is Julia, is the fear of betrayal and the consequent torture and reprogramming by the Party. This fear encompasses being caught and the loss of the small fragment of personal freedom and rebellion he has carved out for himself within his mind and with Julia.
The stakes for Winston are incredibly high, as personal relationships are strictly controlled by the Party, and any form of dissent or nonconformity could lead to severe punishment, including the dreaded Room 101.
What is the major difference between the majority and dissenting opinions on false speech and the Stolen Valor Act? Write two to three sentences that contrast the opinions.
Answer:
sample response: on edguinity 2020
Explanation:
The majority writes that false speech is protected as long as it does not cause harm. The writer worries that the Stolen Valor Act would set a dangerous precedent for future laws. The dissent believes that false speech is rarely protected by the First Amendment, and the Act is constitutional
He best rule to follow in applying operant conditioning to your own life is to _____.
Studies have shown that chinese children who possess a higher degree of shyness are more likely ____.
Chinese children with high degrees of shyness may face limitations in their educational and occupational progress along with lower involvement in social activities. However, they may also display better health, coping mechanisms, and a lower susceptibility to depression.
Explanation:Studies have shown that Chinese children who exhibit a higher degree of shyness are likely to be socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. This could potentially limit their advancement in educational and occupational fields, result in lower socioeconomic status, and lead to less involvement in social activities (Kagan, Reznick, & Snidman, 1988; Katzelnick et al., 2001). These children may also possess an internal locus of control and thus, despite the potential setbacks, could have better health, coping mechanisms and be less prone to depression (Benassi, Sweeney, & Durfour, 1988; Lefcourt, 1982; Maltby, Day, & Macaskill, 2007; Whyte, 1977, 1978, 1980).
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According to bandura's concept of reciprocal determinism, how are our personalities shaped?
more than __________ percent of the motorcycle operators who died in single-vehicle crashes in were impaired. a. eighty b. sixty c. forty d. twenty
More than Forty percent ( C )of the motorcycle operator who died in single-vehicle crashes were impaired
Negative effects of alcohol impairmentAlcohol impairment is the leading cause of most auto crashes in America especially amongst young adults. statistically about 40 percent of motorcycle crashes are caused by alcohol impairments. and overspeeding.
Hence we can conclude that More than Forty percent ( C )of the motorcycle operator who died in single-vehicle crashes were impaired
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As dominique reviews the vocabulary terms for her french class when is she most likely to experience the greatest degree of forgetting
A young scientist has discovered a new species of grub worm in the amazon. he would like to explore the possibility that in this grub worm the codon cuc is the start codon and that it codes for methionine rather than leucine as it does in other worms. he has been unable to get his research funded to date most likely because:
Are there ideas that are distinctively japanese or vietnamese, or are the authors totally caught up in chinese precedents
While both Japan and Vietnam have been influenced by China historically, they have each developed unique cultural elements, such as Japan's Zen Buddhism and Bushido and Vietnam's diverse languages and local myths. Japanese and Vietnamese societies adapted Chinese traditions to fit their unique cultural identities.
Explanation:The question asks whether there are distinctively Japanese or Vietnamese elements in their cultures, or if they are entirely influenced by Chinese traditions. While there is a strong historical Chinese influence in terms of technology, language, and ideology, both Japan and Vietnam have developed unique cultural aspects.
In Japan, for example, during the transition from the classical to the medieval era, distinctive Japanese elements such as Zen Buddhism, the Bushido code of the samurai, and unique dietary practices including the consumption of raw fish and use of soy sauce emerged. The Heian period marked a time of cultural independence where Japanese art and literature, like the famous Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu, flourished. Moreover, specific practices like arranging miniature landscapes and having large communal baths became part of Japanese culture. Similarly, Vietnam had a diverse range of languages and polities, and despite adopting certain Chinese traditions, they maintained their unique cultural identity and mythology, like the legend of King Van-Lang.
Both societies selected and adapted aspects of Chinese culture while contributing to the written tradition, leading to the development of unique cultural expressions that were authentically Japanese and Vietnamese.
A cross-sectional study is one in which different characteristics of a given individual are assessed at the same time. the behavior of a group is assessed by different researchers. the same people are retested over a period of years. different age groups are tested at the same time.
When there is a cross- sectional study, the data are then collected on the whole study population at a single point in time. There is the process of testing different age groups at the same time. The purpose of this is to examine the relationship between diseases or other health related states, and other variables of interest. For a cross-sectional study’s findings to be valid there should be a representation of a whole population. Take for instance, a study of the prevalence of diabetes among women aged 40-60 years in Town A should be composed of a random sample of all women aged 40-60 years in that town. Attempts should be made to include hard to reach groups, such as people in institutions or the homeless for this study to be said that there is proper representation.
Answer: c
people of different age groups in one study at one time
Explanation:
Which of the Gibb categories does the boss exhibit when she criticizes the employee's behavior?
In the mentioned scenario, Nadia exhibits a 'strategy' behavior from the Gibb categories; she hides her true feelings of distress about her coworker's behavior and instead voices approval.
Explanation:The Gibb categories are a classification system developed by psychologist Jack Gibb for categorizing communication between people. In the interaction described, Nadia would be presenting a strategy behavior from the Gibb category when she praises her coworker's partying lifestyle but is inwardly distressed.
Strategy, as a Gibb category, refers to a form of communication where a person hides their true feelings or intents behind a façade of what they feel is expected or would be approved by others.
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Drawing an unwarranted conclusion or generalization about an entire group of people is called...
James wants to investigate why many modern societies tend to strongly encourage monogamous relationships among their members. james will be studying:
How would you assess the preparation feasibility relevance and schedule of the project?
This is usually asked for on letters of recommendation when assessing the preparation feasibility relevance and schedule of the project. All this means is how well you scheduled, prepared and executed your plan for the specific project.
“How would you access the preparation feasibility relevance and schedule of the project” is part of the questions being asked on letters of recommendation when evaluating the preparation feasibility relevance and the project schedules.
Further Explanation
In actual sense, what this implies is to check and ascertain an individual preparedness towards executing a particular project. Feasibility study is an assessment of the practicality of a proposed plan. It’s getting to know if a project is doable, the number of workers to get it done, the equipment required, and the necessary resources needed to complete the project.
Understanding all aspect all project is the primary purpose of conducting a feasibility report.
The five areas of project feasibility include,
Technical feasibility Legal feasibility Economic feasibility Operational feasibility Scheduling feasibilityA feasibility study can be prepared for a project by
Scanning the environment where the project is likely to be executed. Assessing the necessary parameters for project execution Documentation of step to be taken for project execution Analyzing prove of concept with sample input and observe output. Why conducting feasibility study is important in project execution It helps the project team to be focus It helps in identifying new opportunities It helps in discovering reasons not to embark on a project.LEARN MORE:
Feasibility determines if the project is an acceptable financial risk and if the organization can afford the expense and time needed to complete the project. https://brainly.com/question/1535943KEYWORDS:
preparation feasibility relevance feasibility study project execution preparation feasibility feasibility relevancehome equity is __________
A. the difference between the current value of a house and the money still owed on it
B. the market value of a house
C. the fair or equitable price of a house
D. the difference between the current value of a house and what the buyer paid for it
Home equity is the difference between the current value of a house and the money still owed on it. Therefore, option A is correct.
Home equity refers to the portion of a property's value that the homeowner truly owns, representing the difference between the property's current market value and the outstanding amount of any mortgage or loans secured against it.
As homeowners make mortgage payments and the property's value appreciates over time, their equity increases.
Home equity is an essential financial asset for homeowners, as it provides a source of wealth that can be tapped into through options like home equity loans or lines of credit, allowing individuals to borrow against the value of their property.
Therefore, option A is correct.
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Welfare checks and food stamps are examples of _______ used by the government to redistribute income.
A. transfer payments
B. taxation
C. market intervention
D. corporate subsidies
Which type clouds are indicative of very strong turbulence?
The type of clouds indicative of very strong turbulence are cumulonimbus clouds, which are related to severe thunderstorms and extreme weather conditions. Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and supercells also indicate the presence of significant turbulence.
The type of clouds that are indicative of very strong turbulence are cumulonimbus clouds. These clouds are associated with intense weather phenomena such as thunderstorms, high winds, hail, lightning, and heavy downpours. Cumulonimbus clouds can extend into the stratosphere, indicating highly unstable atmospheric conditions. Turbulence associated with these thunderstorms can be very dangerous to aircraft.
Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is another cloud formation that can indicate turbulence. With these billow-shaped clouds, a more dense air layer lying over a less dense air layer can lead to the formation of billows which collapse into turbulence. Such indicators are particularly important for aviation and meteorology.
Finally, storms such as supercells and tropical cyclones are characterized by complex cloud structures and intense turbulence. Supercells, which may produce phenomena such as hail, tornadoes, and high winds, are associated with vertically rotating columns of air known as mesocyclones. These storms can involve turbulence not only in the cloud formations but also in the surrounding areas affected by the storm's circulation.
Tension was apparent as the management team discussed changes to promotion requirements. but then chris made a joke about jake's white-knuckled grip on his pen, and the laughter seemed to lighten the mood. chris was acting in a ______ role.
What was the result of the Hungarians revolting against the Austria? Please answer with a nine sentence. Thanks
In american born chinese, the monkey king, danny, and jin wang each share which type of conflict?
The effort of each one to accept himself where he stands.
Explanation:Danny and Chin-Kee’s fiction combines with Jin Wang’s and the Monkey King’s. We discover how they are all linked and are left to examine life’s preferences, cultural and self-identities, acclimatization, recognition, and consideration. A story of heroes who must learn how to properly meet their futures while keeping their integrity and in societies. that don’t always understand their strength and value.
The whole story explores;
Immunity and prejudice of those who are opposed.Individual versus group identity.Social descriptions and limits.Myth and its impact on societies and inheritances.Twist and equity.How did the Assyrians create an empire
The Assyrians created their empire through military strength, territorial expansion, efficient organization, and religious justification. They had a well-equipped army, a messenger service for communication, and collected annual tributes from conquered lands. Their rule focused on extracting wealth and power, rather than assimilating conquered peoples.
Explanation:The Assyrians created their empire through a combination of military might, territorial expansion, and efficient state organization. They had a highly trained army with iron weapons, a messenger service for communication, and a system of annual tributes from conquered territories to fund their state and military. Their rule was characterized by constant demands for tribute and taxation, and they did not assimilate conquered peoples into their culture. Additionally, the Assyrians justified their conquests through their religious beliefs and their need for dominance in a region with no natural borders.
_____ describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern.
a. institutionalization
b. industrialization
c. habitualization
d. rationalization
The correct answer is C) habitualization.
Institutionalization refers to the development of a norm within a society or organization.
Industrialization refers to when a country or territory focuses on producing goods in factories rathern than agriculture. Industrialization deals with a shift within an economy and does not refer to any specific pattern.
Rationalization refers to when a person uses an excuse, piece of information, or something else in order to justify their decision making process.
This shows why letter C can be the only correct answer.
Habitualization describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern. In short, habitualization means creating habits based on environment and/or society’s stimulation.
EXPLANATION:
The word “habitualization” first came from Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann’s book entitled The Social Construction of Reality. Berger and Luckmann were sociologists who wrote that book in 1966. In that book, Berger and Luckmann stated that habitualization means the society which is created by human and its interaction with each other. Habitualization is “any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern, which then be performed again in the future in the same manner and with the same economical effort” (Berger and Luckmann 1966).
Habitualization is done by us, as a human being. Society, where we live in, is created by us from the repeated actions or activities. We, as human, construct our own society, where we live, and accept is as it is naturally because others (humans, individuals, people) in the past have created it. Society is the real and right example of “habit” and “habitualization”.
For example, we go to school every day. We see school as “school” with all of its norms, rules, regulation, activities, and many more, and we don’t just see it as just “a building” because we and others have agreed that it is a school, not just a regular building as the other building. People before us have created a habitualization by creating a school building as a school we know and visit every day.
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If you’re interested in learning more about this topic, we recommend you to also take a look at the following questions:
1. A set of skills, talents, and capabilities in which a firm is particularly strong is referred to as https://brainly.com/question/13189371
2. Psychological researchers study genetics in order to better understand the ________ that contributes to certain behaviors. https://brainly.com/question/5118796
KEYWORDS: habitualization, habit, repeated actions, Berger and Luckmann, society
Subject: Social Studies
Class: 10-12
Sub-chapter: Habitualization
Hebron was an appropriate city for the capital of
Hebron was an appropriate city for the capital of the Israelite state In King David's time. It was Hebron before the capital was moved to Jerusalem. Hebron is a Palestinian city located in the southern West Bank nestled in the Judaean Mountains.
Answer:
isral
Explanation:
Which method is an effective way to minimize proactive and retroactive interference? decreasing sleep time making the material meaningful scheduling back-to-back study times for topics that are similar studying before sleeping?
I believe the answer is: studying before sleeping
Retroactive interference refers to a process when newer information prevent older information from being recalled. Proactive interference refers to the situation when Old information prevent new information from being recalled. Studying before sleeping can reduce the amount of this interference and make new information become more likely to be stored in the memory without any disturbance.
S barcelona's soccer stadium. in spain, the between the two main soccer teams has always existed. a game between real madrid and is always a great social, cultural, and even political event. the colombian team is the famous rival of the team millonarios. two soccer teams a game when they score the same number of goals. to play soccer you need
a. the person who referees a soccer game is the . a worldwide championship is
a.
The rivalry between Real Madrid and Barcelona's soccer teams serves as a notable example of sports' cultural and social significance highlighted by the Geography of Sports. It emphasizes how sports can unite communities, reflect social dynamics, and have minimal requirements for participation, thereby enhancing accessibility and fostering global adoption.
Explanation:Significance of Barcelona's Soccer Stadium in Sports GeographyThe game between Real Madrid and Barcelona's soccer teams is much more than a sporting event; it is a social, cultural, and political spectacle, deeply rooted in Geography of Sports. Located in Spain, Barcelona's stadium is not just an architectural marvel; it represents the community and cultural identity, embodying the anthropological concept of "tribal affiliation." The magnitude of such games also reflects in the extended influence sports have on society, as seen with teams from the NFL, NBA, and Major League Baseball, which are valued in billions and contribute to sports being a multi-billion-dollar global industry.
The impact of sports extends beyond economic factors, creating avenues for community belonging, cultural significance, and even political dialogue. For example, while Venezuela favors baseball due to historical influences, soccer is gaining popularity, adding to the nation's social and cultural dynamics. Similarly, the FIFA World Cup hosted by Brazil in 2014 and the intense rivalry between India and Pakistan in cricket illustrates the importance of sports in national pride and cultural identity.
Furthermore, the minimal space and resource requirements for sports like soccer, cricket, and basketball have allowed them to become accessible worldwide, enabling their participation in less affluent areas. This accessibility is evidenced by the use of vacant lots, streets, and small parks as playing fields, forsaking the need for full-sized pitches and courts. Sports, thus, act as a unifying force, transcending social and economic barriers, providing entertainment, and fostering a sense of belonging.
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Why is the threat of pollution from the factories along the shores of lakee Baikal an important challenge to Russia and the world?