Newton's third law - every action has an opposite reaction
when you press a forward force the log moves backwards in opposite reaction
Final answer:
When you walk on a floating log and it moves backward, this is an example of Newton's third law of motion, which states for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The action of walking on the log creates a force that pushes it backward.
Explanation:
When you walk on a log that is floating in the water and the log moves backward, this phenomenon is explained by Newton's third law of motion. Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In this case, when you walk towards one end of the log, your feet push the log in the opposite direction with a force. Consequently, the log reacts to this force by moving in the opposite direction to your motion, which is backward. This principle is the same as a swimmer doing the breaststroke who pushes backward against the water, resulting in the water pushing forward on him, propelling him through the water.
This law helps explain various everyday actions and reactions, covering movements in sports, vehicle propulsion, and even celestial movements. For instance, when a person runs, they push against the ground with their feet, and the ground pushes them forward. This interaction between forces allows for motion and is a fundamental aspect of how we understand and interact with the physical world around us.
If kb for nx3 is 4.0×10−6, what is the poh of a 0.175 m aqueous solution of nx3?
pOH = 3.08
Explanation;NX3 + H2O <----> NHX3+ + OH-
Kb = 4.0 x 10^-6
Kb = c(NH₄⁺) · c(OH⁻) ÷ c(NH₃).
c(NH₄⁺) = c(OH⁻) = x.
x² = Kb · c(NH₃)
x² = 4.0 × 10⁻⁶ × 0.175 = 7.0 × 10⁻⁷.
x = c(OH⁻) = √(7.0 × 10⁻⁷)
= 8.367 × 10⁻⁴
pOH = -log(c(OH⁻))
=- log ( 8.367 × 10⁻⁴)
= 3.08
Final answer:
To calculate the pOH of a 0.175 M aqueous solution of NX₃ with Kb of 4.0×10⁻⁶, we simplify the dissociation equation and find the OH- concentration to be approximately 1.67×10⁻³ M, resulting in a pOH of about 2.78.
Explanation:
To find the pOH of a 0.175 M aqueous solution of NX₃, given that Kb for NX3 is 4.0×10⁻⁶, we start by setting up the base dissociation reaction NX₃ + H₂O → NX₃H+ + OH−. The equilibrium expression associated with this dissociation is Kb = [NX3H+][OH−]/[NX3]. We can assume the concentrations of NX₃H+ and OH− to be equal (x) and much smaller than the initial concentration of NX₃, thus [NX₃] approximately equals 0.175 M. With these assumptions, Kb can be rewritten as 4.0×10⁻⁶ = x₂ / (0.175 − x).
Assuming x is much smaller than 0.175, we simplify to 4.0×10⁻⁶ ≈ x2 / 0.175. Solving for x gives us x ≈ √(4.0×10⁻⁶ ∗ 0.175) ≈ 1.67×10⁻³ M, which is the concentration of OH−. The pOH is calculated using the formula pOH = −log[OH−], resulting in pOH ≈ 2.78.
What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 33.4 g of sodium chloride in some water and then diluting the solution to a volume of 300.00 mL?
1. Since you must need the value for moles to find the molarity you have to convert 33.4g into moles.
33.4gNaCl / 58.44gNaCl = .572molNaCl
2. Since you cannot use mL to find molarity, you must convert the value into liters by dividing the value by 1000.
300.00 / 1000 = .3L
3. Now plug in your values into the equation. ( M = mol/L) [ Just divide moles by the liters]
M = .572 / .300 = 1.91M OR 1.91mol/L (Units can be M, or mol/L)
which of the following causes the formation of ionic bonds
A. Two atoms sharing electrons
b. One atom transferring electrons to another atom
C. An element undergoing radioactive decay
D. Fission
Answer: b. One atom transferring electrons to another atom
Explanation: An ionic bond is formed when an element completely transfers its valence electron to another element. The element which donates the electron is known as electropositive element and the element which accepts the electrons is known as electronegative element. This bond is formed between a metal and an non-metal.
Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between non metals
For example, In calcium iodide the one electron from calcium metal gets transferred to iodine atom and thus form an ionic bond to give [tex]CaI_2[/tex]
Electronic configuration of calcium:
[tex][Ca]=1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^2[/tex]
Calcium atom will lose two electron to gain noble gas configuration and form calcium cation with +2 charge.
[tex][Ca^{2+}]=1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^6[/tex]
Electronic configuration of iodine:
[tex][I]=1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^{10}4p^5[/tex]
Iodine atom will gain one electron to gain noble gas configuration and form iodide ion with -1 charge.
[tex][I^-]=1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^{10}4p^6[/tex]
A balloon filled with helium occupies 20.0 l at 1.50 atm and 25.0◦c. How many moles of helium will there be in the balloon at stp?
Answer:
There will be 1.23 moles of helium in the balloon at STP
Explanation:
1) Initial conditions of the helium gas:
V = 20.0 literp = 1.50 atmT = 25.0 °C = 25.0 + 273.15 K = 298.15 K2) Ideal gas equation:
pV = n RTp, V, and T are given aboveR is the Universal constant = 0.0821 atm-liter / ( K - mol)n is the unknown number of moles3) Solve for n:
n = pV / (RT) = n = 1.50 atm × 20.0 liter / (0.0821 atm-liter /k -mol ×298.15K)n = 1.23 mol4) At STP:
STP stands for standard pressure and temperature.The amount (number of moles) of the gas will not change because the change of pressure and temperature, so the number of moles reamain the same: 1.23 mol.1. Fill one container with very hot water and the other with ice water. 2. Place one end of spoon into the cup with hot water and hold on to the other end with your finger tips. 3. Hold the spoon for a minute or two. What do you feel happening?
The spoon will get warmer as it takes in the heat of the water
What is ΔH∘rxn for the following chemical reaction? CS2(g)+2H2O(l)→CO2(g)+2H2S(g) You can use the following table of standard heats of formation (ΔH∘f) to calculate the enthalpy of the given reaction. Element/ Compound Standard Heat of Formation (kJ/mol) Element/ Compound Standard Heat of Formation (kJ/mol) H(g) 218 N(g) 473 H2(g) 0 O2(g) 0 H2O(l) −285.8 O(g) 249 CS2(g) 116.7 H2S(g) −20.60kJ C(g) 71 CO2(g) −393.5kJ C(s) 0 HNO3(aq) −206.6 Express the standard enthalpy of reaction to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. View Available Hint(s)
Answer : The standard enthalpy of the reaction is 20.2 kJ
Explanation :
Enthalpy change : It is defined as the difference in enthalpies of all the product and the reactants each multiplied with their respective number of moles. It is represented as [tex]\Delta H^o[/tex]
The equation used to calculate enthalpy change is of a reaction is:
[tex]\Delta H^o_{rxn}=\sum [n\times \Delta H^o_f(product)]-\sum [n\times \Delta H^o_f(reactant)][/tex]
The equilibrium reaction follows:
[tex]CS_2(g)+2H_2O(l)\rightleftharpoons CO_2(g)+2H_2S(g)[/tex]
The equation for the enthalpy change of the above reaction is:
[tex]\Delta H^o_{rxn}=[n_{(CO_2)}\times \Delta H^o_f_{(CO_2)}+n_{(H_2S)}\times \Delta H^o_f_{(H_2S)}]-[n_{(H_2O)}\times \Delta H^o_f_{(H_2O)}+n_{(CS_2)}\times \Delta H^o_f_{(CS_2)}][/tex]
We are given:
[tex]\Delta H^o_f_{(CS_2(g))}=116.7kJ/mol\\\Delta H^o_f_{(H_2O(l))}=-285.8kJ/mol\\\Delta H^o_f_{(CO_2(g))}=-393.5kJ/mol\\\Delta H^o_f_{(H_2S(g))}=-20.60kJ/mol[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\Delta H^o_{rxn}=[(1mol\times -393.5kJ/mol)+(2mol\times -20.60kJ/mol)]-[(1mol\times 116.7kJ/mol)+(2mol\times -285.8kJ/mol)]=20.2kJ[/tex]
Therefore, the standard enthalpy of the reaction is 20.2 kJ
The standard enthalpy of reaction is 20.2 kJ/mol.
We can calculate the standard enthalpy of reaction from the standard heat of formation using the formula;
ΔHreaction = ∑ΔH∘f products - ΔH∘f reactants
The equation of the reaction is; CS2(g)+2H2O(l)→CO2(g)+2H2S(g)
ΔH∘f CS2 = 116.7 KJ/mol
ΔH∘f H2O(l) = −285.8 KJ/mol
ΔH∘f CO2 = −393.5 kJ/mol
ΔH∘f H2S= −20.60 kJ/mol
Substituting values, we have;
ΔHreaction = ∑[(−393.5) + 2 ×(−20.60) - (116.7) + 2 ×(−285.8)] kJ/mol
ΔHreaction = 20.2 kJ/mol
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Question 1
Nuclear processes which involved the splitting of a heavy nucleus into 2 nuclei with smaller mass numbers is called _____________.
Fusion
Nuclear Chain Reaction
Spent rods
Fission
Question 2
When U-235 absorbs a neutron and becomes the unstable nucleus of U-236, this is the beginning of a(n) _________________.
a chain reaction
Nuclear Fusion
spent rods
Exothermic reaction
Question 3
Nuclear power plants use the principle of ________________.
Exothermic Reactions
Spent Rods
Nuclear Fusion
Controlled Nuclear Fission
Question 4
Two serious negatives about nuclear power plants:
1. a potential meltdown of the plant releasing huge amounts of radiation
2. _________________
Hard to find safe nuclear waste disposal of radioactive materials that are radioactive for thousands of years
unleashed chain reactions
Nuclear Fusion
Critical Mass
Question 5
Biological effects of exposure to radiation include:
1. the penetrating ability of the radiation into tissues
2. ___________________________________
uncontrolled chain reactions
nuclear fission
nuclear fusion
The ionizing ability of radiation to affect cell functions
Question 1: Fission
Question 2: Chain reaction
Question 3: Controlled nuclear fission
Question 4: Hard to find safe nuclear disposal of...
Question 5: The ionising ability of radiation to affect cell functions.
Hydrofluoric acid, hf, has a ka of 6.8 × 10−4. what are [h3o+], [f−], and [oh−] in 0.710 m hf?
Answer:
[H₃O⁺] = [F⁻] = 2.2 x 10⁻² M. & [OH⁻] = 4.55 x 10⁻¹³.
Explanation:
For a weak acid like HF, the dissociation of HF will be:HF + H₂O ⇄ H₃O⁺ + F⁻.
[H₃O⁺] = [F⁻].
∵ [H₃O⁺] = √Ka.C,
Ka = 6.8 x 10⁻⁴, C = 0.710 M.
∴ [H₃O⁺] = √Ka.C = √(6.8 x 10⁻⁴)(0.710) = 2.197 x 10⁻² M ≅ 2.2 x 10⁻² M.
∴ [H₃O⁺] = [F⁻] = 2.2 x 10⁻² M.
∵ [H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴.
∴ [OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴/[H₃O⁺] = 10⁻¹⁴/(2.2 x 10⁻²) = 4.55 x 10⁻¹³.
The value of concentration of [H₃O⁺] & [F⁻] is 2.2 x 10⁻² M and [OH⁻] is 4.55 x 10⁻¹³M in 0.710M HF.
How we calculate acid dissociation constant?
Acid dissociation constant for any HA acid will be calculated as:
Ka = [H⁺][A⁻] / [HA].
ICE table for given reaction is written as:
HF + H₂O ⇄ H₃O⁺ + F⁻
Initial: 0.710 0 0
Change: -x +x +x
Equilibrium: 0.710-x +x +x
Given value of Ka = 6.8 × 10⁻⁴
Putting all values on the above value of Ka, we get
6.8 × 10⁻⁴ = x.x / 0.710-x
We take the value of 0.710-x as 0.710, because value of x is negligible as compare to 0.710.
6.8 × 10⁻⁴ = x.x / 0.710
x² = 6.8 × 10⁻⁴ × 0.710
x = 2.197 x 10⁻² M ≅ 2.2 x 10⁻² M
So, [H₃O⁺] = [F⁻] = 2.2 x 10⁻² M
We know that pH + pOH = 14, we write this equation in base 10 form as:
[H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴
[OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴ / 2.2 x 10⁻² = 4.55 x 10⁻¹³
Hence, value of [H₃O⁺] & [F⁻] is 2.2 x 10⁻² M and [OH⁻] is 4.55 x 10⁻¹³M.
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Water contrasts on freezing ?
No. When water first begins to cool down, it contracts. However, as it gets colder and eventually freezes, it begins to expand.
You can test this by freezing water in a water bottle: when you take it out of the freezer, the cap might have popped off or cracks may have formed in the sides of the bottle.
Answer: Water expands when frozen, not contracts.
Strong bases are
a
also strong acids.
b
weak electrolytes.
c
nonelectrolytes.
d
strong electrolytes.
D strong electrolytes
Strong bases are strong electrolytes that completely dissociate in water to form hydroxide ions.
Explanation:Strong bases are strong electrolytes. They completely dissociate in water, forming hydroxide ions (OH-) that are able to conduct electricity. Examples of strong bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH).
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What two ions are central to the arrhenius definitions of acids and bases?
Answer: hydrogen (H⁺) or hydronium (H₃O⁺) and hydroxide (OH⁻)
Explanation:
1) Arrhenius definitions
The chemist Svante Arrhenius, winner of the Noble Prize in chemistry by 1903, defined acids and bases based on the ability of such substances to give ions in water solutons.
2) Acids
Arrhenius defined an acid as a substance that dissociates in water to form hydrogen ions (H⁺), also called protons. This process is called protonation (formation of protons). Due to its small size and high activity, H⁺ does not exist in that form, but it forms H₃O⁺ ions in aqueous solution.
3) Bases
Arrhenius defined a base as a substance that dissociates in water to form hydroxide (OH⁻) ions.
4) Examples
That was the first definitions of acids and bases and is restricted to water solutions and does not include many compounds (like NH₃) which nowadays are identified as acids or bases.
Some examples of Arrhenius acids and bases are:
KOH (aq) → K⁺ + OH⁻ (base becaue it produces OH⁻)H₂SO₄ (aq) → H⁺ + HSO₄⁻ (acid because ir produced H⁺)According to the Arrhenius definition, acids release hydrogen ions (H⁺) and bases release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in aqueous solutions. These two ions are central to identifying Arrhenius acids and bases.
According to the Arrhenius definition, acids and bases are classified based on the ions they release in an aqueous solution. An Arrhenius acid is a compound that produces hydrogen ions (H⁺), while an Arrhenius base is a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH⁻). For example, HCl dissociates in water to form H⁺ ions and Cl⁻ ions, categorizing it as an Arrhenius acid. Conversely, NaOH dissociates to form Na⁺ ions and OH- ions, making it an Arrhenius base.
The central ions in these definitions are thus hydrogen ions (H⁺) for acids and hydroxide ions (OH⁻) for bases.
Be sure to answer all parts. Predict the effect of decreasing the temperature on the amounts of reactants in the following reactions: (a) C2H2(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CH3CHO(g) ΔH o rxn = −151 kJ The amounts of reactants stay the same. The amounts of reactants decrease. The amounts of reactants increase. (b) CH3CH2OH(l) + O2 (g) ⇌ CH3CO2H(l) + H2O(g) ΔH o rxn = −451 kJ The amounts of reactants stay the same. The amounts of reactants decrease. The amounts of reactants increase. (c) 2 C2H4(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 CH3CHO(g) (exothermic) The amounts of reactants stay the same. The amounts of reactants decrease. The amounts of reactants increase. (d) N2O4(g) ⇌ 2 NO2(g) (endothermic) The amounts of reactants decrease. The amounts of reactants stay the same. The amounts of reactants increase.
Answer:
(a) The amounts of reactants decrease.
(b) The amounts of reactants decrease.
(c) The amounts of reactants decrease.
(d) the amounts of reactants increase.
Explanation:
Le Châtelier's principle states that when there is an dynamic equilibrium, and this equilibrium is disturbed by an external factor, the equilibrium will be shifted in the direction that can cancel the effect of the external factor to reattain the equilibrium.(a) C₂H₂(g) + H₂O(g) ⇌ CH₃CHO(g) ΔH°rxn = − 151 kJ.
Since, ΔH is a negative value, the reaction is exothermic reaction.So, the reaction can be represented as:
C₂H₂(g) + H₂O(g) ⇌ CH₃CHO(g) + heat.
As the temperature is decreases, it is like that decreasing the concentration of products side, that shifts the reaction towards the right side (products side) to attain the equilibrium again. So, the amounts of reactants decrease.
So, the right choice is reaction is: The amounts of reactants decrease.
(b) CH₃CH₂OH(l) + O₂ (g) ⇌ CH₃CO₂H(l) + H₂O(g) ΔH°rxn = − 451 kJ.
Since, ΔH is a negative value, the reaction is exothermic reaction.So, the reaction can be represented as:
CH₃CH₂OH(l) + O₂ (g) ⇌ CH₃CO₂H(l) + H₂O(g) + heat.
As the temperature is decreases, it is like that decreasing the concentration of products side, that shifts the reaction towards the right side (products side) to attain the equilibrium again. So, the amount of reactants decrease.
So, the right choice is reaction is: The amounts of reactants decrease.
(c) 2C₂H₄(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2CH₃CHO(g) (exothermic).
Since, the reaction is exothermic reaction.So, the reaction can be represented as:
2C₂H₄(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2CH₃CHO(g) + heat.
As the temperature is decreases, it is like that decreasing the concentration of products side, that shifts the reaction towards the right side (products side) to attain the equilibrium again. So, the amounts of reactants decrease.
So, the right choice is reaction is: The amounts of reactants decrease.
(d) N₂O₄(g) ⇌ 2NO₂(g) (endothermic).
For endothermic reaction, it can be represented as:N₂O₄(g) + heat ⇌ 2NO₂(g)
As the temperature is decreased, it is like that decreasing the concentration of reactants side, that shifts the reaction towards the lift side (reactants side) to attain the equilibrium again. So, the amounts of reactants increase.
So, the right choice is reaction is: the amounts of reactants increase.
Convert the following values:
1. 1.35 atm to psi
2. 100.2 kPa to mm Hg
3. 10.83 psi to kPa
1. 1.35 atm to psi = 19.83953 psi.
2. 100.2 kPa to mm Hg = 751.5617 mm / 29.589043 Hg
3. 10.83 psi to kPa = 74.670221 kPa
Hope this helps,
Davinia.
What is the pH of a solution with a 2.20 × 10−8 M hydroxide ion concentration?
Answer:
The pH of the solution is 6.35.
Explanation:
Concentration of hydroxide ions = [tex][OH^-]=2.20\times 10^{-8} M[/tex]
pH + pOH = 14
pH = 14 - pOH
[tex]pOH=-\log[OH^-][/tex]
[tex]pOH=-\log[2.20\times 10^{-8} M]=7.65[/tex]
[tex]pH=14-pOH=14-7.65=6.35[/tex]
The pH of the solution is 6.35.
The pH of the solution with a [tex]\( 2.20 \times 10^{-8} \)[/tex] M hydroxide ion concentration is approximately [tex]\( 6.34 \)[/tex].
To find the pH of a solution with a given hydroxide ion concentration [tex](\( [\text{OH}^-] \))[/tex], we can use the relationship between [tex]\( [\text{OH}^-] \)[/tex] and [tex]\( \text{pOH} \)[/tex], and then convert [tex]\( \text{pOH} \)[/tex] to pH.
The relationship between [tex]\( [\text{OH}^-] \)[/tex] and [tex]\( \text{pOH} \)[/tex] is:
[tex]\[ \text{pOH} = -\log([\text{OH}^-]) \][/tex]
Given [tex]\( [\text{OH}^-] = 2.20 \times 10^{-8} \) M[/tex], we can calculate [tex]\( \text{pOH} \)[/tex]:
[tex]\[ \text{pOH} = -\log(2.20 \times 10^{-8}) \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{pOH} = -\log(2.20) - \log(10^{-8}) \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{pOH} = -(\log(2.20) + (-8 \times \log(10))) \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{pOH} = -(0.3424 - 8 \times 1) \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{pOH} = -(0.3424 - 8) \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{pOH} = -(7.6576) \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{pOH} = -(-7.6576) \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{pOH} = 7.6576 \][/tex]
Now, we can convert [tex]\( \text{pOH} \)[/tex] to pH using the relationship:
[tex]\[ \text{pH} + \text{pOH} = 14 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{pH} = 14 - \text{pOH} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{pH} = 14 - 7.6576 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{pH} = 6.3424 \][/tex]
(Only answer if you’re for certain) Which type of molecule is shown below?
A. Alkene
B. Aromatic
C. Alkyne
D. Alkane
i believe B is the answer
Answer: Alkene
Explanation: Apex
Which condition will release more energy when an electron changes levels? From n = 4 to n = 3 from n = 3 to n = 2 from n = 2 to n = 1
Answer:
n = 2 to n = 1
Explanation:
The electrons in the closest orbitals to the atomic nucleus experience the strongest attraction. Therefore, for an electron to jump up from the ground state to n = 2 a lot of energy is required to overcome the attractive force of the nucleus (also means this energy will be dispensed when the electron jumps down). The energy required to jump up to other energy levels decreases as these orbitals are shielded from the attractive force of the nucleus.
Answer:
From n = 2 to n = 1
Explanation:
There are 7 energy levels, numbered from 1 to 7, and in which electrons are distributed, logically in order according to their energy level. Electrons with less energy will be spinning at level 1. Level 1 is the innermost level or closest to the nucleus and is the one with the lowest energy level. Level 7 is the outermost or furthest from the core and is the level that has the highest energy level.
Then the electrons are spinning around the nucleus forming layers, as previously mentioned. In each of them, the energy that the electron possesses is different. In the layers very close to the nucleus, the force of attraction between it and the electrons is very strong, so they will be strongly bound (joined). The opposite occurs in remote layers, in which electrons are weakly bound, so it will be easier to make electronic exchanges in the last layers.
So, since electrons are more strongly attracted to the nucleus, for an electron to jump from the fundamental state at level n = 2 to level 1, a lot of energy is required to overcome the aforementioned force of attraction. At the other levels, the attraction of the nucleus is lower, so the energy required to jump to other energy levels will also be lower.
Ultraviolet light from the Sun can A. damage nerve cells but not skin cells. B. damage molecules in skin cells, such as DNA. C. cause skin cells to release stinging chemicals. D. help skin cells to repair DNA faster.
B. It can damage molecules in skin cells such as DNA. Prolonged exposure can actually cause skin cancer.
Ultraviolet light from the Sun primarily damages molecules in skin cells, particularly the DNA, which can lead to skin aging, skin cancer, and wrinkle formation. However, it also aids in Vitamin D production in the skin that has several health benefits. Apart from this, UV light is also used effectively for disinfection purposes.
Explanation:Ultraviolet light from the Sun primarily damages molecules in skin cells, particularly the DNA. This happens through the formation of bonds between an adjacent pair of pyrimidine nucleotides, thymine, and cytosine, on the same strand of DNA. The extent of the damage is often believed to be proportional to the amount of ultraviolet radiation received, which is known as the linear hypothesis.
All types of UV radiation can damage collagen fibres, causing an acceleration of skin aging and wrinkle formation. Overexposure to the Sun when young has been linked to the development of skin cancer like melanoma in later life. However, UV-B radiation from sunlight does have some beneficial effects too, such as Vitamin D production in the skin, reducing risks of certain types of cancer and osteoporosis.
Lastly, UV light can sometimes be used effectively for disinfection. It forms thymine dimers in the DNA of microbes, leading to mutations that can kill the microorganisms. These properties of UV rays are used in water purification systems and germicidal lamps.
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In a metabolic pathway, succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. the reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, a substance that resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. increasing the amount of succinate molecules to those of malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect of malonic acid. what role does malonic acid play with respect to succinate dehydrogenase? malonic acid is a noncompetitive inhibitor. malonic acid blocks the binding of fumarate. malonic acid is an allosteric regulator. malonic acid is a competitive inhibitor.
Competitive inhibitor
In the haber process, ammonia is synthesized from nitrogen and hydrogen: n2 (g) + 3h2 (g) → 2nh3 (g) δg° at 298 k for this reaction is -33.3 kj/mol. the value of δg at 298 k for a reaction mixture that consists of 1.9 atm n2, 1.6 atm h2, and 0.65 atm nh3 is __________. a -40.5 b -1.8 c -3.86 ´ 103 d -104.5 e -7.25 ´ 103
The change in free energy of the system under the given conditions is -40.5 KJ/mol.
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → 2NH3 (g)
We have to use the relation; ΔG = ΔG⁰ + RT ln Q
ΔG = Free energy change under the given conditions
ΔG⁰ = standard free energy change
R = gas constant
Q = reaction quotient
We can obtain the reaction quotient from;
Q = [NH3]^2/[N2] [H2]^3
Q = [0.65]^2/[1.9] [1.6]^3
Q = 0.4225/7.7824
Q= 0.0543
Substituting the values;
ΔG⁰ = -33.3 KJ/mol
R = 8.314 JK-1mol-1
T = 298 K
Q = 0.0543
ΔG = -33.3 KJ/mol + (8.314 JK-1mol-1 × 298 K) ln (0.0543)
ΔG = -33.3 KJ/mol + (-7.2 KJ/mol)
ΔG = -40.5 KJ/mol
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To find the value of δG for the reaction mixture, use the equation ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln(Q), where ΔG° is the standard Gibbs free energy change, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and Q is the reaction quotient.
Explanation:The value of δG at 298 K for a reaction mixture that consists of 1.9 atm N2, 1.6 atm H2, and 0.65 atm NH₃ can be calculated using the equation ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln(Q), where ΔG° is the standard Gibbs free energy change, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and Q is the reaction quotient.
First, calculate the reaction quotient using the given pressures: Q = (NH₃)² / (N₂)(H₂)³. Substitute the given pressures into the equation to find Q. Then, use the equation ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln(Q), where R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K)), T is the temperature in Kelvin (298 K), ΔG° is the standard Gibbs free energy change (-33.3 kJ/mol), and Q is the reaction quotient. Calculate the value of ΔG at 298 K for the given reaction mixture using the calculated Q value.
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Explain where your space mission will take you and why you wish to explore that particular feature of the solar system. List what you hope to learn from your mission. (3 points)
The answer is that you have to write this in your own words.
To help you on how to get started, here's what you need to do:
Just say what planet you want to go and why you want to go there. Then, say what you wish to learn on that planet.
Template: My space mission would be going to planet _______. I would like to go there because ___________________. I hope to learn that ________________.
Our space mission involves studying Mars' geological features and potential for life. This will enhance our understanding of the possibility of life beyond our solar system and specifically detail the environment on Mars. The mission might also reveal evidence of past or present life.
Explanation:Our space mission will aim to explore the unique geological features and potential habitability of Mars. Mars is a planet of particular interest due to evidence suggesting its past was warmer and wetter, hinting at the possibility of life beyond our solar system.
We wish to explore this aspect of the solar system because it could fundamentally alter our understanding of life's existence in the universe. The mission will involve the use of hi-tech equipment to identify potential biomarkers, signs of past or present life.
Through this mission, we hope to learn more about the environment on Mars, detail its capacity for sustaining life, and possibly find evidence of life itself. Our findings will not only influence future Mars missions but also add a significant chapter to our understanding of life in the universe.
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Can someone help me with #1 please?
Remark
HA is an acid that produces only 1 Hydrogen when it breaks down.
The NaOH is a base and a good strong one.
When you do the titration you can be guaranteed that ever mole of NaOH that is consumed represents 100% of what is needed.
So your first step is to find out how many moles of NaOH is needed.
Givens
C = 0.1 mol/L
V = 23.64 mL * [ 1 L / 1000 mL] = 0.02364 L
Formula
C = mol / L
Solution
What you are looking for is the number of mols of NaOH used.
0.1 mol/L = mol / 0.02364 L Multiply both sides by 0.02364
0.1 mol/L * 0.02364 L = mol
mol = 0.002364
Now the number of mols of HA is going to be exactly the same. That's because the titration formula is
HA + NaOH ==> NaA + HOH
==========================
mols = given mass / molar Mass
Molar Mass = given mass / mols
mols = 0.002364 moles
given mass = 0.5632
Molar Mass = ??
Molar Mass = 0.5632 grams / 0.002364
Molar Mass = 238.24 grams
CAN YOU HELP ME WITH THIS?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Determine the volume occupied by 2.0mol of a gas at 20°C if the pressure is 85.0kP
PV=nRT
P = 85.0 x 10^3 Pa
T = 273 + 20 = 293 K
n = 2.0 moles
R = 8.314 m3. pa / mol .K
V = 2.0 x 293 x 8.314 / 85.0x10^3 = 0.195623529 m^3
what is the best form for writing the hypthesis
I think the best way is persuasive. plz forgive me if this is wrong or not the answer that was expected
Plz I need help!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Answer:
C) 8.9x10-19M
Explanation:
Whe disolving a solid in water, this solid splits in anions and cations, in our example for CuS solid:
CuS (s) -------> Cu+2 (ac) + S-2 (ac)
Whe this solution is saturated, and balance is reached, this balance can be represented with Ksp formula (solubility constant), as following:
Ksp= [Cu+2][S-2], and for tgis ecuation, you only consider aqueous ions, but not the solid salt
When balance is reached, you may suppose that "X" moles of CuC gives you "X" moles of Cu+2 and "X" moles of S-2 (according to the stoicheometry of the above reaction):
XCuS (s) ------> XCu+2(ac) + XS-2(ac) , for which:
[Cu+2]=X and [S-2]=X so this gives us: Ksp=8x10-37=X.X=X²
X= √8x10-37 and finally X=[Cu+2]=8.9x10-19M (expressed in molar units)
Which brønsted-lowry acid is not considered to be a strong acid in water?
HNO2 IS WEAK ACID IF U LOOK AT Ka VALUES U FIND ONE LISTED FOR HNO2
Predict whether each of the following molecules is polar or non-polar:a) IF,b) CS2, c) SO3, d) PCl3, e) SF6, f) IF5.
Polar: IF, PCl3, IF5
Nonpolar: CS2, SO3, SF6
Explanation:Polar molecules form when two atoms do not share electrons equally in a covalent bond. A molecule is classified as a polar molecule when the arrangement of the atoms is such that one end of the molecule has a positive electrical charge and the other end has a negative charge. A non-polar molecule does not have electrical poles.The electrons are distributed more equally. Therefore, a non-polar molecule does not have a profusion of charges at the opposite ends. The majority of hydrocarbon liquids are non-polar molecules.Le Châtelier's principle states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will shift to relieve that stress. This is true for all types of equilibrium, including the dissolution of salts that are only sparingly soluble. Here is the chemical reaction that represents solid barium sulfate dissolving in water: BaSO4(s) ⇌Ba2+(aq)+SO42−(aq) Ksp =1.1×10−10
Which of the following actions would shift this reaction toward solid barium sulfate?
Add more barium sulfate. Add more sulfate ions. Remove sulfate ions. Remove barium ions.
In which of the following would barium sulfate be least soluble?
pure water
1 M NaNO3
1 M K2SO4
Answer:
1) Add more sulfate ions.
2) 1 M K₂SO₄.
Explanation:
1) Which of the following actions would shift this reaction toward solid barium sulfate?
Le Châtelier's principle states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will shift to relieve that stress and attain the equilibrium again.
Add more sulfate ions will increase the concentration of the products side, so the reaction will be shifted towards the reactants side to relieve the stress and attain the equilibrium again.
So, the right choice is: Add more sulfate ions.
2) In which of the following would barium sulfate be least soluble?
The answer is 1 M K₂SO₄, it has a common ion effect of SO₄⁻ ions that increase the concentration of the products side, so the reaction will be shifted towards the reactants side to relieve the stress and attain the equilibrium again.
So, the solubility will decrease.
1. b) Adding more sulfate ions shifts the reaction towards solid barium sulfate.
2. Barium sulfate is least soluble in a c) 1 M K₂SO₄ solution.
1. Le Châtelier's principle states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will shift to relieve that stress.
For the reaction:
BaSO₄(s) ⇌ Ba₂+(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq), with a Ksp = 1.1×10⁻¹⁰To shift this reaction towards solid barium sulfate, one must consider the factors that affect the equilibrium. Using Le Châtelier's principle:
Adding more barium sulfate will not shift the equilibrium as it only increases the amount of solid in the system.Adding more sulfate ions will increase the concentration of SO₄²⁻, pushing the equilibrium towards the reactants (solid BaSO₄).Removing sulfate ions will decrease the concentration of SO₄²⁻, shifting the equilibrium towards the products (Ba²⁺ and SO₄²⁻).Removing barium ions will decrease the concentration of Ba²⁺, shifting the equilibrium towards the products.Hence, adding more sulfate ions would shift the reaction towards the solid barium sulfate. The correct option is b).
2. Solubility Consideration
Barium sulfate would be least soluble in a 1 M K₂SO₄ solution. This is because K₂SO₄ provides additional SO₄²⁻ ions, which increases the common ion effect, thus decreasing the solubility of BaSO₄. The correct option is c).
Question: Le Châtelier's principle states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will shift to relieve that stress. This is true for all types of equilibrium, including the dissolution of salts that are only sparingly soluble.
Here is the chemical reaction that represents solid barium sulfate dissolving in water:
BaSO₄(s) ⇌ Ba₂+(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq), with Ksp = 1.1×10⁻¹⁰
1. Which of the following actions would shift this reaction toward solid barium sulfate?
a) Add more barium sulfate.
b) Add more sulfate ions.
c) Remove sulfate ions.
d) Remove barium ions.
2. In which of the following would barium sulfate be least soluble?
a) pure water
b) 1 M NaNO3
c) 1 M K2SO4
What branch of science is concerned with the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation?
chemistry
physics
spectroscopy
geology
The branch of science that relates with the interaction of matter and electromagnetic radiation is spectroscopy. Thus, option C is correct.
What are electromagnetic radiations?Electromagnetic radiations are given as the beam of protons with the presence of the perpendicular magnetic and electrical waves travelling at the speed of light.
The interaction of the electromagnetic radiations with the matter results in the propagation of the valence electrons of matter to the higher energy level and creating transitions.
These interactions between the electromagnetic radiations and matter are studies with spectroscopy. Thus, option C is correct.
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Which of these molecules and polyatomic ions cannot be adequately described using a single Lewis structure? Check all that apply.CO3 2-COH2HCNO3NH4+OF2
CO3^2- and O3
Explanation;Ozone, O3 is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms joined together. Two oxygen atoms joined together form the basic oxygen molecule O2.A polyatomic ion is a charged particle which has two or more atoms held together by covalent (sharing of pairs of electrons) bonds.Carbonate (CO3^2-) is an example of polyatomic ion. It can not be adequately described using Lewis structure. which element would you think is the best conductor of electricity?
A. zinc (Zn)
B. argon (Ar)
C. silicon (Si)
D. hydrogen (H)
A. Zinc (Zn)
Like all the other metals, it has a cloud of an electron because of the free electrons in the valence shell. These electrons are easier to move.
When some electric force is applied, the electrons start moving towards the positive end due to the attraction. This causes the flow of electrons, and, ultimately, the generation of electricity. Zinc one has 27%