Answer:
400 cells
Explanation:
Bacterial growth refers to the increase in the number of bacteria population in an exponential manner. That is, if a bacteria cell divides in a generation to give rise 2 bacteria cells, while in the next generation, we would be having a bacterial cell population of 4 cells.
So, if one generation has 100 cells and the following has 200 cells, the next generation would have a bacterial cell population of 400, showing an exponential increase in bacterial cell growth from one generation to another.
Which of the following would likely reduce the threats posed by exotic species to native species?I. Increasing inspections of goods coming into a country.II. Mandating that bilge water from vessels be emptied in ports instead of the open ocean.III. Enforcing legislation that restricts imported materials such as untreated wooden packing crates.a. I onlyb. II onlyc. III onlyd. I and III onlye. I, II, and III
Answer:
A. I only
Explanation:
Exotic animal species are really found in most countries and given that people these animals, they are very valuable. Species like lions, tigers, parrots, cheaters and even pythons are loved for exotic nature.
For this reason, they are caught, killed, shipped and sold in various countries or regions like dubia, Saudi Arabia etc. Its effects on the population of these species are disastrous.
If the inspection of goods coming into a country is intense and frequent, it will mitigate the shipping and sales of the species.
All three measures, I, II, and III, are strategies that reduce the threats from exotic species to native species by focusing on prevention and management at ports of entry and in goods transport.
Explanation:The threats posed by exotic species to native species can be significantly reduced by implementing a combination of strategies that focus on prevention and management. Measures such as increasing inspections of goods entering a country can help detect potential invasive species before they enter new environments. Additionally, practices like mandating the disposal of bilge water from vessels in ports instead of the open ocean can prevent the introduction of marine organisms that may become invasive. Enforcement of regulations that restrict imported materials, such as untreated wooden packing crates, can also limit the likelihood of invasive species hitchhiking into a country. Therefore, all three listed measures, I, II, and III, collaboratively contribute to reducing the risks associated with exotic species.
The best indication that dreaming serves a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that________.
Answer:
most organisms, especially mammals experience what is known as REM rebound.
Explanation:
An increasing frequency of rapid eye movement [ REM sleep] that occurs after period of sleep deprivation is regarded as REM rebound.
The REM sleep is described to be important for normal brain development especially in the infants, because ,it stimulates part or region of the brain used in learning. This is why, infants are believed to spend more time in REM sleep than the adults.
Note that, REM means Rapid Eye Movement.
What are the most common cells that line the surface of the alveoli and are therefore associated with the exchange of gases within the lungs?
Answer: The epithelial cells
The endothelial cells .
The epithelial cells are pulmonary while the endothelial are vascular
These cells exist as tight-two celled structure for gas exchange in the lungs
They are moistened , thin layered , and use diffuse gradient of oxygen and carbon dioxide to move gases across their wall.s
They are well lined with blood capillaries for rapid absorption of gases into the blood stream,
Why can many different species coexist and thrive in areas close to the equator?
Answer:
Equatorial climatic conditions discourage any one species from dominating the ecosystem and encourage biodiversity
Explanation:
Brodt and Zimbardo found that shy women who were bombarded with loud noise and told that it would leave them _____ were subsequently _____ when interacting with a handsome male. a) with a pounding heart; no longer so shy b) unaffected; no longer so shy c) with a pounding heart; even more shy
Brodt and Zimbardo found that shy women who were bombarded with loud noise and told that it would leave them with a pounding heart were subsequently no longer so shy when interacting with a handsome male.
a) with a pounding heart; no longer so shy
Explanation:
Shy is an emotion expressing nervousness, being reserved and timidity when communicating or being with some people. Shyness is generally observed in the person who has low self-confidence and inferiority complex.
Brodt and Zimbardo found that when a woman is continuously allowed to face loud noise, initially it may lead to pounding heart and subsequently they get used to it and they will be no longer shy. These scientists also found that when woman is interacting with the handsome male they will never feel shy.
Scientists determined that a species of a reptile dinosaur cohort had 20% survivorship during the first two years of life, but then the survivorship of those individuals that survived to age 2 had a 70% survivorship to middle age. Survivorship declined later in life. Which of the following best illustrates the shape of the survivorship curve for this species?
Answer:
C. downward curve
Explanation:
In this case, graph C explains the shape of the survivorship curve for this species.
Answer: C
Explanation:
A graph for this species would have a curve that drops off before age 2, is concave until middle age, and then drops again, paralleling that of a Type I survivorship curve.
Which action could lead to foodborne illness from cross-contamination?
a) thawing meat at room temperature
b) failing to quickly refrigerate cut up fruit
c) eating chicken that is not fully cooked
d) chopping meat and vegetables on the same cutting board
Answer:
The correct answer is d) chopping meat and vegetables on the same cutting board.
Explanation:
There should be two different cutting boards for chopping meat and vegetable separately to prevent cross-contamination. Raw meat may have lots of pathogenic bacteria like Salmonella, Shigella, E.coli, Listeria, etc which can contaminate the board and the vegetable which is cut on the same board.
So if you consume the contaminated food then you can get foodborne illnesses. Therefore separate board should be used for cutting veg and non-veg items and the board should be washed with soapy water after each use to wash the remaining bacteria from board. So the right answer is d.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
The rupture of the mature (Graafian) ovarian follicle during ovulation is stimulated by a surge in the secretion of _______
Answer:
Lutenising hormone (LH)
Explanation:
Follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) are released by pituitary gland as the follicle develops. As the follicle matures, the level of oestrogen increase thereby suppressing the release of FSH. A hormone named inhibin also suppresses the production of FSH. The rise in level of Oestrogen triggers the release of Lutenising hormone which is responsible for ovulation. LH causes the follicle to rupture and thus lutenise it to form corpus luteum.
The rupture of the mature ovarian follicle during ovulation is stimulated by a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH). Post-ovulation, the luteal phase begins, producing progesterone from the newly formed corpus luteum, which also inhibits the secretion of FSH and LH to prevent further follicle development.
Explanation:The rupture of the mature (Graafian) ovarian follicle during ovulation is stimulated by a surge in the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). Ovulation typically occurs around day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle and is crucial for human reproduction. During the follicular phase of the cycle, a rising estrogen level initially suppresses LH secretion from the pituitary gland. However, as estrogen reaches a threshold, this effect is reversed, and a significant LH surge is triggered, which in return matures the egg and facilitates the weakening of the follicle wall. This culminates in the release of the secondary oocyte from the follicle.
Once ovulation has happened, the ovarian cycle moves into the luteal phase, in which the remaining cells within the ruptured follicle transform into the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum is an important endocrine structure that produces large amounts of progesterone, essential for the maintenance of pregnancy and the preparation of the uterus to accept a fertilized egg. This progesterone surge also invokes a negative feedback mechanism that inhibits further secretion of FSH and LH, thereby preventing the development of new dominant follicles during this phase.
A pedigree is not helpful to a counselor in predicting the probability of a recessive gene being present and the chances for an offspring to receive the gene and express the trait.
A. true
B. false
Answer:
False i got this 100% correct on mine!
To prevent fecal-to-oral transmission of pathogenic microorganisms, it is important to __________.
Answer:
Wash hands after using the washroom.
Explanation:
Fecal oral transmission also known as oral fecal route, this transmission is defined as the route of the disease where pathogens which are present in fecal particles passes from person to the mouth.
Some common example of fecal oral transmission are fluids, fingers, flies, and food. Main cause of this transmission are poor hygiene practices, and lack of adequate sanitation.
You are a conservation biologist, studying genetic variation in three populations of an endangered species of ladybug beetle. Population 1 has 20 beetles, two of which have brown spots, a recessive trait; the other nine beetles have red spots. Population 2 has 150 beetles and 15 of them have brown spots, while 135 have red spots. Population 3 has 50 beetles, and five of them have brown spots. In which population is the frequency of the allele for brown spots the highest?
Answer:
Let's add the options to complete the question
a. Population 1
b. Population 2
c. Population 3
d. The frequency for allele for Brown spot is the same in all three populations
e. It is not possible to answer this question from the given data
The RIGHT ANSWER IS e
e. It is not possible to answer this question from the given data
Explanation:
It is not possible to answer this question from the given data because some variables or information are missing
In comparing three populations of ladybug beetles, the frequency of the allele for the recessive brown spots trait (calculated as the square root of the phenotype frequency) is the same across all populations (0.3162). Therefore, the frequency of the brown spot allele is equally high in all three populations.
We need to apply the principles of population genetics and use the Hardy-Weinberg formula. Population 1 has 20 beetles with a frequency of brown-spotted beetles of 2/20. Population 2 has 150 beetles with a brown spot frequency of 15/150. Population 3 has 50 beetles with a brown spot frequency of 5/50.
In each case, the frequency of the recessive allele (r) representing brown spots can be calculated as the square root of the frequency of the recessive phenotype, since all brown beetles are homozygous recessive (rr).
Population 1:
Frequency of rr = 2/20 or 0.1.
Frequency of r allele = √0.1 = 0.3162.
Population 2:
Frequency of rr = 15/150 or 0.1.
Frequency of r allele = √0.1 = 0.3162.
Population 3:
Frequency of rr = 5/50 or 0.1.
Frequency of r allele = √0.1 = 0.3162.
Interestingly, in all three populations, the frequency of the allele for brown spots is the same (0.3162). So, the answer is that all three populations have the same highest frequency of the recessive allele for brown spots.
You are called urgently to examine a term, 2-hour-old newborn who has had temperature instability, difficulty with feeding, and a sus- pected seizure. He has atypical facies (wide-set eyes, a prominent nose, and a small mandible), a cleft palate, and a holosystolic murmur. Stat laboratory tests and chest radiograph reveal marked hypocalcemia, a boot-shaped heart, and no apparent thymus. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Ataxia–telangiectasia
B. DiGeorgesyndrome
C. Hyper-IgE syndrome
D. SCID
E. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Answer:
Answer is B. DiGeorge syndrome.
Explanation:
DiGeorge syndrome is a disorder which is caused when part of chromosome 22 is missing. This results in several body systems developing poorly. It is caused when there is abnormal formation of certain issues during fetal development.
One of the symptoms is epileptic seizure.
DiGeorge syndrome is also referred to as the velocardiofacial syndrome.
Which of the following statements is FALSE? Which of the following statements is FALSE? a.Vitamin A supplements can sometimes cure nyctalopia because vitamin A can be converted into retinal. b.Nyctalopia affects vision in the fovea centralis, resulting in impaired vision. c.Retinitis pigmentosa is a disorder in which the discs released from rods are not properly phagocytized. d.All of the listed responses are false.
Answer:
Correct option is (B). Nyctalopia affects vision in the fovea centralis, resulting in impaired vision.
Explanation:
Nyctalopia which is also known as night blindness, in this condition it's difficult to see in relatively low light. It can cause by two types one is from birth, and another is injury or vitamin A deficiency which is also called as malnutrition.
It is caused by the loss of normal rod function in retina, and loss their ability to response in the light. The outer part of retina is made up of more rods compare to cones, loss of peripheral area repeatedly results in night blindness.
A scientist testing the effects of a chemical on apple yield sprays an orchard with the chemical. A second orchard does not receive the chemical. In the fall, the number of apples harvested from each forest is counted.
Which of the following is the independent variable in the experiment?
1.the amount of water that each orchard receives
2. the species of trees in the orchard
3.the number of apples that are produced by each tree
4.the size of each of the orchards
Answer:
None of the given options
Explanation:
An independent variable is the one whose quantity or specification is varied during an experiment in order to test the impact of the variation of independent variable on the dependent variable. From the description provided it is clear that the yield of apple is the dependent variable while the chemical is the independent variable. The application of chemical is varied on the two sets of apple gardens.
Hence, among the given options none is correct
In the scientific name, Pan paniscus, Pan represents the name of the ____ while paniscus represents the name of the ____.
Answer:
genus, specie
Explanation:
The binomial nomenclature is a naming system used by scientists to identify organisms, it's composed by two words, the first refer's to the individual's genus, a small group of closely related organisms, and the second word is the specific name or epithet used to diffetentiate species in the same genus.
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The oxygen that is released as o2 during photosynthesis came from _____________ molecules.
Answer:
Water (H2O)
Explanation:
Light reactions of photosynthesis release oxygen as a by-product. In the presence of sunlight, photolysis of water molecules occurs. Splitting of two water molecules obtains four electrons, four protons, and molecular oxygen. The oxygen-evolving complex, also called the water-splitting complex is associated with photosystem II (PS II). Splitting of water occurs in the oxygen evolving complex and the released electrons are passed one at a time to the reaction center of PS II. Therefore, a water molecule serves as a source of oxygen released during photosynthesis.
The oxygen (O2) released during photosynthesis comes from water molecules. This happens during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis where water molecules are split and oxygen is released as a by-product.
Explanation:
The oxygen that is released as O2 during photosynthesis comes from water molecules. The process of photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria where light energy typically from the sun is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (a sugar) and oxygen. In detail, during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, water molecules are split, thereby releasing oxygen as a by-product. This oxygen is what we, and other animals, breathe.
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The most significant difference between archaea and bacteria is the:
a. presence of a single filament flagellum in bacteria.
b. absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of archaea.
c. absence of the 70S ribosomes in bacteria.
d. presence of fatty acids in the plasma membranes of archaea
Answer:
b. absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of archaea.
Explanation:
Archaea is a domain of unicellular organism (procaryotes) that live in extreme environments, their cell walls are made of pseudo peptidoglycan (similar in function to peptidoglycans but different in structure), on the other hand, bacteria's cell walls are made of peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide.
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What is the subcutaneous layer that separates the integument from the deep fascia around other organs?
Answer:
Answer is hypodermis .
Explanation:
The hypodermis which is also known as the subcutaneous tissue layer, is found lying beneath the dermis and act as a passageway or channel through which blood vessels and nerves passed. It is made up of fat and connective tissues.
It acts as an insulator, this, help in keeping the body temperature stable.
Arrange in the correct sequence these components of the mammalian immune system as it first responds to a pathogen.I) Pathogen is destroyed.II) Lymphocytes secrete antibodies.III) Antigens from a pathogen bind to antigen receptors on lymphocytes.IV) Lymphocytes specific to antigens from a pathogen become numerous. V) Only memory cells remain.a. I â III â II â IV â Vb. II â I â IV â III â Vc. IV â II â III â I â Vd. III â IV â II â I â V
Answer:
The answer is d. 3,4,2,1,5
Explanation:
The correct sequence is:
Antigens from a pathogen bind to antigen receptors on Lymphocytes.Lymphocyte specific to antigens from a pathogen become numerous.Lymphocytes secrete antibodiesPathogen is destroyed.Only memory cells remain.Adaptive Immune System/Acquired Immunity:
Adaptive immune system involves the part of immune system that is contains specific and highly specialized cells to target specific pathogens. Acquired immunity involves antigen specific antibodies that bind and mark a specific pathogen. This pathogen is then cytotoxically destroyed by specific effector cells of the immune system. Acquired immunity is also characterized by the production of memory cells at the time of mass production of antigen specific antibodies. These memory cells remain long after the pathogen has been destroyed to protect against consequent attacks from the same pathogen.
Answer:
III → IV → II → I → V
Explanation:
Match the following. 1 . cytokinesis The chemical unit or building block of protein 2 . protein Having two layers 3 . biochemical A chemical substance coming from an organism 4 . bilayer Rod-shaped structure contains the genes 5 . glucose Causes the separation of the cytoplasm 6 . polar Segments of DNA contained on chromosomes 7 . nucleic acid Blood sugar used by the cells in the production of energy 8 . phospholipid A group of biochemicals including DNA and RNA 9 . amino acid Makes up the plasma membrane together with protein 10 . genes Having slightly negative and positive charged ends 11 . chromosome A long chain molecule made up of amino acids
Answer:
1.cytokinesis ----Causes the separation of the cytoplasm
2 . protein ----A long chain molecule made up of amino acids
3 . biochemical ---A chemical substance coming from an organism
4 . bilayer ---Having two layers
5 . glucose ----Blood sugar used by the cells in the production of energy
6 . polar ----Having slightly negative and positive charged ends
7 . nucleic acid ----A group of biochemicals including DNA and RNA
8 . phospholipid ----Makes up the plasma membrane together with protein
9 . amino acid---The chemical unit or building block of protein
10 . genes-----Segments of DNA contained on chromosomes
11 . chromosome ----Rod-shaped structure contains the genes
What are possible negative effects of building a hydropower dam? Select the two correct answers.
1. decreased sanitation in the city
2. displacement of people living near the proposed dam
3. lower river water levels in other areas
4. decreased economic activity
5. increased water prices
Answer:
Decreased sanitation in the city / Displacement of people living near the proposed dam
Explanation:
Answer:
2. displacement of people living near the proposed dam
3. lower river water levels in other areas
Explanation:
A hydroelectric dam aims to dam and store water, the raw material for the production of hydroelectric energy. It is also the function of the dam to obtain the necessary gap to rotate the turbines of the generating units.
The hydroelectric dam can bring numerous benefits to society, however not everything is perfect when it comes to the use of hydroelectric energy, as there are also several problems related to this resource, among which we can mention: the displacement of people who live near the proposed dam , lower levels of river water in other areas, deforestation, loss of ecosystem balance, among others.
True or false Teratogens tend to affect the developing fetal brain during the second and third trimesters.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The enzyme through which hydrogen ions (H ) travel back into the cell after being transported outside the membrane by the electron transport chain is called:_________.
Answer:
The correct answer is - ATP synthase.
Explanation:
The role of ATP synthase which is an enzyme highly present in all domains of living organisms by converting into chemical energy by producing ATP which is essential for the most of the cellular functions and reactions.
The proton or hydrogen ion is pumped during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP. Protons move back into the matrix once it transported outside the cell.
Thus, the correct answer is - ATP synthase.
Flower color in snapdragons is due to a gene with incomplete dominance: CRCR plants have red flowers, CRCW have pink flowers, and CWCW plants have white flowers. Which cross is expected to yield progeny with flower colors in a ratio of 1 red:1 pink?
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:
Question: Flower color in snapdragons is due to a gene with incomplete dominance: CRCR plants have red flowers, CRCW have pink flowers, and CWCW plants have white flowers. Which cross is expected to yield progeny with flower colors in a ratio of 1 red:1 pink?
A. CRCR × CRCW
B. CRCR × CWCW
C. CRCW × CRCW
D. CRCW × CWCW
E. CWCW × CWCW
Answer:
A. CRCR × CRCW
Explanation:
According to the given information, the flower color gene in snapdragon exhibits incomplete dominance. When a snapdragon plant with red flowers is crossed with a snapdragon plant with pink flowers, it obtains progeny in following phenotype ratio= 1 Red (CRCR): 1 Pink (CRCW).
Here, the genotype of the parent with the red flowers is CRCR and that of the parent plant with pink flowers is CRCW. The parent plant with pink flowers produces two types of gametes carrying CR or CW alleles. Random fusion of gametes of the two parent plants obtains the progeny in 1 red: 1 pink ratio.
A cross between a homozygous red snapdragon (CRCR) and a heterozygous pink snapdragon (CRCW) will yield progeny in a ratio of 1 red:1 pink.
Explanation:In genetics, when dealing with incomplete dominance, a cross between two heterozygotes (CRCW x CRCW) will result in an offspring phenotypic ratio of 1:2:1 for red:pink:white. However, the question is asking for a 1:1 ratio for red:pink with no white. This can be achieved by crossing a homozygous red parent (CRCR) with a heterozygous pink parent (CRCW).
The Punnett square for this cross would look something like this:
CRCR x CRCR = CRCR (Red)CRCR x CRCW = CRCR (Red)CRCW x CRCW = CRCW (Pink)CRCW x CRCR = CRCW (Pink)As a result, half of the offspring would be CRCR (red) and half would be CRCW (pink), resulting in a 1:1 phenotypic ratio for red:pink flowers, with no white flowers.
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A client comes into the urgent care center to have sutures removed on an arm. The nurse finds significant crusting along the suture line. The client claims to have not had time to get the sutures removed a week prior, as directed. The nurse soaks the crust and attempts to remove the sutures. As the nurse attempts the suture removal, the client frequently pulls the arm away and tells the nurse, "You do not know what you are doing." In response, the nurse should answer:
A. "I am sorry this is hurting but you are hurting my feelings."
B. "You are the cause of the problem here. I do not have to tolerate this behavior, and you are free to leave."
C. "How would you know if I know what I am doing or not?"
D. "Sir, I understand this is uncomfortable, but I assure you I am experienced with this task and would like to continue."
The nurse should respond with patience and professionalism, reassuring the client of their competency, while acknowledging the client's discomfort.
Explanation:In a health care setting, it is essential for healthcare professionals to maintain patience and professionalism, even when dealing with difficult patients. Based on the options provided, the best response the nurse can make in this scenario is:
D. "Sir, I understand this is uncomfortable, but I assure you I am experienced with this task and would like to continue."
This response displays empathy toward the client's discomfort but also reassures the client about the nurse's competency and experience. The other options are not professional and do not adequately address the client's concerns or behaviors.
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Which of the following is the term for an abnormally low white blood cell count?
Answer:
The correct answer is- Leukopenia
Explanation:
White blood cells are present in our blood which protect our body from foreign antigens like bacteria, viruses, etc. When these white blood cells decrease abnormally in number then this condition is called leukopenia.
White blood cells contain different cell which protect our body from different type of infections. So there are different types of leukopenia according to the particular white blood cell whose number became low.
For example when neutrophils number in the body decrease it is called neutropenia. So the correct answer is leukopenia.
Leukopenia is the term for an abnormally low white blood cell count which increases individual's risk for disease due to immune system weakness.
Explanation:The term for an abnormally low white blood cell count is Leukopenia. This condition occurs when too few leukocytes (white blood cells) are in the blood. A low white blood cell count leaves the individual at a higher risk for disease since these cells play a significant role in the immune system. Their production begins in the bone marrow, and abnormalities with this can cause deficient counts. Matters are further complicated when abnormally low lymphocyte counts occur, as a result of chronic illness or immunosuppression.
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A leukocyte is responsible for: bringing oxygen to the other body cells fighting disease by phagocytosis or antibody production causing muscle contraction conducting nervous impulses throughout the body
Final answer:
A leukocyte, or white blood cell, is vital in the immune system, responsible for defending the body against disease through phagocytosis or antibody production.
Explanation:
A leukocyte, commonly known as a white blood cell (or WBC), is an integral component of the immune system responsible for protecting the body against illness. Leukocytes engage in various defense mechanisms, including phagocytosis and antibody production.
Neutrophils and macrophages are types of leukocytes that actively engulf and digest pathogens, a process known as phagocytosis. Other leukocytes, such as lymphocytes, primarily function in the immune response by making antibodies tailored to foreign antigens.
Additionally, leukocytes are involved in inflammation, an immune response that helps to isolate and heal the affected area.
_____ was the first taxonomist to group animals by blood color and plants by size and shape. 1. aristotle 2. linneaus 3. adam 4. cordus
Answer:
Answer is Aristotle.
Explanation:
Aristotle was a pioneer in the field of philosophy and science. This is because of his contributions to these fields.
He was considered as the first person to developed the classification system, where he grouped organisms into two, namely plants and animals. He also created subgroups for these two major groups.
Plant subgroup are small, medium and large.
Animal subgroup are Water, land , Air.
The classification system of Aristotle was considered as not very good because of some reasons. For example, he grouped everything that can fly together, that is, flying insects and some birds that can fly were grouped together, while birds that couldn't fly were left out of the group.
In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate 1) loses a carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO2, 2) is oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called acetate, and 3) is bonded to coenzyme A.
These three steps result in the formation of
A) acetyl CoA, O2, and ATP.
B) acetyl CoA, FADH2, and CO2.
C) acetyl CoA, FAD, H2, and CO2.
D) acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2.
E) acetyl CoA, NAD+, ATP, and CO2.
Answer:
D. acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2.
Explanation:
Pyruvate formed by the glycolytic breakdown of glucose enters Kreb's cycle in the form of acetyl CoA. Conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and the reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). It is an oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate.
The PDH complex is composed of multiple copies of three enzymes. The enzyme complex catalyzes an irreversible oxidation process in which the carboxyl group of pyruvate is removed as a molecule of CO2 and the two remaining carbons become the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA. Here, NAD+ serves as the electron acceptor and is converted into NADH.
The conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, in the presence of oxygen, produces acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2. The correct answer from the provided options is D) acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2.
Explanation:When pyruvate is metabolized in the presence of oxygen, it undergoes a process that converts it into acetyl CoA. This process involves three key steps: 1) the removal of one carbon from pyruvate, which is released as a molecule of CO2,2) the oxidation of pyruvate to form a two-carbon compound called acetate, and 3) the coupling of acetate to coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyl CoA. Concurrently, the electrons released during oxidation are accepted by NAD+, forming NADH and H+ (a proton). Therefore, the end products of these three steps are acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2. Given the options provided, the correct answer is D) acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2.
what accounts for the similarities in life forms found in the same type of biome in geographically separated areas?
Explanation:
It is due to convergent evolution, which is the mechanism by which non-related organisms evolve similar characteristics separately as a result of having to acclimate to similar environments.
The analogous nature of insect wings, birds, pterosaurs, and bats is an example of this. All four serves the same purpose and in form are identical, but each has developed differently, not from a single winged ancestor.