In pea plants, T is the allele for tall plants, while t is the allele for dwarf plants. If you have a tall plant, demonstrate with a test cross how it could be determined if the plant is homozygous tall or heterozygous tall?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:since T- represent tallness
t-dwarf plant
TT- means the plant is homozygous tall i.e the allele T is the same 100% talk
Tt- means the plant is heterozygote tall which implied that though this plant express tallness its still have gene for shortness hidden in its cell and if crossed with a plant that is dwarf some of the offspring will be dwarf.
From the test cross all the gametes are heterozyote - Tt Tt Tt Tt
Related Questions
In a diploid individual, one chromosome carries A and B genes, and the homologous chromosome carries different forms (alleles) of these same genes, a and b. If there is a single crossover between these two genes involving non-sister chromatids during metaphase I of meiosis, the resulting four gametes are:
A. AB, AB, ab, ab.
B. AB, ab, AB, ab.
C. AaBb, AaBb, AaBb, AaBb.
D. AB, Ab, aB, ab.
E. Ab, Ab, aB, aB.
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
This involves a dihybrid inheritance I.e. two genes are being passed on. During meiosis, specifically, the Prophase stage, homologous chromosomes (similar but non-identical chromosomes received from each parent) line side by side. According to the question, one chromosome contains A and B alleles and its homologue, received by the other parent carries a and b alleles. This means that the diploid individual has a genotype AaBb for that gene.
According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, the alleles separate independently of one another into gametes. I.e. allele A and a separates into the gametes without affecting alleles B and b of the other gene.
Crossing-over, which is the exchange of chromosomal segment occurs between the two homologues. Hence, the exchange of chromosomal segments containing alleles in the individual will possibly produce four gametes with the genotypes: AB, Ab, aB, ab.
With independent assortment, the ratio of genotypes in the F2 generation of a cross between true-breeding strains (AA bb x aa BB) can be described as 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1. To what genotype does the "4" in the ratio refer?a. AA Bb
b. Aa BB
c. Aa Bb
d. None of the answer options is correct.
Answers
Answer:
c. Aa Bb
Explanation:
The parents were pure breeding with genotypes AAbb and aaBB. A cross between AAbb and aaBB would produce AaBb genotypes in F1 progeny. Two F1 strains would be crossed to produce F2 progeny. The F2 progeny would have the genotype ratio= 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1.
Out of all the obtained genotypes in the F2 generation, the proportion of "AaBb" genotype was 4/16. Therefore, "4" in the given ratio represents the genotype "AaBb".
What does an antigen presenting cell encounter that allows the activation of both the humoral response and the cell mediated response in your immune system?
Answers
Answer:
Exogenous Antigen
Explanation:
An antigen-presenting cell (APC) is an immune cell that detects, engulfs, and informs the adaptive immune response about an infection. APC present the antigen complexed with with major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). There are two type of APC: professional APC that presesnt MHCII and non professional APC that present MHCI. Macrophages, Dentritic cells and B cells (before maturation) are examples professional APC cells.
T cells are major cells in cell mediated immunity and B cells are key component for humoral immunity beacuse they are involved in the production of antibodies. There are three types of T cells; helper,cytotoxic and supressive. Foreign antigen presented by professional APC cell with MHC class II are recognized by helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells can recognize endogenous antigen presented on MHC class I. The virus infected cells are destroyed by T cytotoxic cells and T helper cells play a part to activate the cell mediated response and humoral response by stimulating the rapid division of B cells & cytotoxic T cells by producing compounds called interleukins.
T cell can only recognize foreign non viral antigen presented by professional T cells and only T helper cell can induce both cell mediated and humoral immune response.
In a population of plants with a diploid number of 12, a new individual appeared with a chromosome number of 24. If this organism could self-fertilize, forming offspring with the same number of chromosomes (24), scientists would consider this an example of
Answers
not an answere but im looking for the same one
A test was given to a group of students. The grades and gender are summarized below A B C Total Male 5 18 8 31 Female 9 7 16 32 Total 14 25 24 63 If one student is chosen at random from those who took the test, Find the probability that the student got a 'C' GIVEN they are male.
Answers
Answer:
Pr. (male) = 0.49
Explanation:
A B C TOTAL
male 5 18 8 31
female 9 7 16 32
TOTAL 14 25 24 63
Now to find the probability that the student got a 'C' given they are male, we need to know the total numbers of males(i.e no of required outcomes) which = 31
also the total number of the group of students(i.e total no of possible outcomes) = 63
∴ Since Probability = [tex]\frac{no of required outcomes}{total no of possible outcomes}[/tex]
we have Pr (male) = [tex]\frac{31}{63}[/tex]
=0.49
As trees get larger and the number of leaves increases, transpiration rates rise and demand for water increases. How do mature plant stems meet this added demand for water?
Cells of secondary phloem adjacent to the vascular cambium differentiate into xylem cells.
Vascular cambium continues to divide, and cells of its inner surface differentiate to form additional secondary xylem cells.
Cells of the xylem continue to divide and produce more cells that transport water.
Cells present in the pith closest to the xylem differentiate into xylem cells.
Answers
Answer:
Vascular cambium continues to divide, and cells of its inner surface differentiate to form additional secondary xylem cells.
Every deliberate action you make, such as pedaling a bike, walking, scratching, or smelling a flower, involves neurons in the ________ nervous system.a) sympathetic
b) somatic
c) parasympathetic
d) autonomic
Answers
Answer:
b. Somatic
Explanation:
The somatic nervous system is one of the divisions of the peripheral nervous system. The somatic nervous system delivers the motor information from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles only. The skeletal muscles generate the responses which are consciously controlled. Therefore, the somatic nervous system regulates the voluntary movements of the body.
So, the voluntary movements of skeletal muscles such as the movement of limbs during walking, smelling a flower, pedaling, etc. are regulated by the neurons of somatic division.
Consider the following statement: "If all vertebrates have backbones, and turtles are vertebrates, then turtles have backbones." This statement is an example of_______
Answers
Answer: Deductive reasoning
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Final answer:
The given statement is an example of deductive reasoning, using the classification of animals in biology, specifically the characteristic of having a vertebral column, to conclude that turtles have backbones.
Explanation:
The statement 'If all vertebrates have backbones, and turtles are vertebrates, then turtles have backbones' is an example of deductive reasoning. This kind of reasoning starts with a general statement or hypothesis and examines the possibilities to reach a specific, logical conclusion. This is represented in biology when we classify organisms based on their characteristics. For example, all vertebrates exhibit certain traits such as a vertebral column, which includes the backbone. Since turtles are classified as vertebrates, they must have a backbone as well. This logical progression from the general to the specific is a hallmark of deductive reasoning.
An adult daughter whose mother has bipolar disorder is concerned that she may also have the disorder because she engages in all of the following behaviors. Which behavior should be explored further as a manifestation of bipolar disorder?
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Answer:
Making frequent purchases of expensive clothing that she never wears
Explanation:
Inhibitory neurotransmitters such as glycine and GABA make a postsynaptic cell harder to depolarize by allowing what?
Answers
Inhibitory neurotransmitters such as glycine and GABA make a postsynaptic cell harder to depolarize by allowing "an influx of Cl-".
Explanation:
The neurotransmitters which have inhibitory influence on the neuron are termed as "Inhibitory neurotransmitters". The major inhibitory neurotransmitters involve serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain and brain stem (spinal cord) respectively.
GABA uptake is temperature and ion-dependent as require both [tex]N a^{+}[/tex] and [tex]C l^{-}[/tex]. Even glycine transporters are also members of the large family of [tex]N a^{+} / C l^{-}[/tex] dependent neurotransmitter transporters. Both of them with the GABA transporters share approximately 50% sequence identity.
"Which theory suggests that input from touch fibers competes with input from pain receptors, possibly preventing pain messages from reaching the brain?"
Answers
Answer:
Gate theory of pain
Explanation:
Final answer:
The gate control theory of pain suggests that the competition between touch fibers and pain receptors can prevent pain messages from reaching the brain. Touch activates larger nerve fibers to close the 'gate' to pain. The brain's endorphin release and the descending pain modulatory system also play roles in pain perception.
Explanation:
The theory that suggests that input from touch fibers competes with input from pain receptors, possibly preventing pain messages from reaching the brain, is known as the gate control theory of pain. This theory was proposed by Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall and posits the presence of a 'gate' in the spinal cord. According to this theory, touch or massage can activate larger nerve fibers which then block the signals from smaller pain fibers, effectively closing the gate to pain and preventing the pain signals from ascending to the brain.
The gate control theory helps to explain why distracting activities or focusing on touch rather than the source of pain can sometimes provide relief. In addition to the gate mechanism, the brain's release of endorphins can also modulate our perception of pain, acting as natural painkillers.
Modern research continues to explore the descending pain modulatory system, which consists of complex brain structures that can influence the perception of pain, demonstrating pain's subjective and multifaceted nature.
What is a condition caused by some strains of staphylococci and streptococci in which toxic enzymes produced by the bacteria digest the connective tissue and spreads into muscle layers called
Answers
Answer:
Necrotizing fascilitis
Explanation:
It is a flesh eating disease that causes death to parts of the body's soft tissues such as the connective tissues and spreads to the muscles.
It is caused by multiple types of bacteria such as some strains of staphylococci and Streptococci. They do so by producing toxic enzymes which in turn digests these soft tissues.
Prevention include wound care and hand washing to prevent infection.
It is treated by surgically removal of the infected tissues and intravenous antibiotics.
Lipids are not like the other macromolecules we have discussed that are formed from polymerization of specific subunits. Instead lipids are grouped by being_____________
Answers
Answer:
chemically reacted (dehydrated)
Explanation:
By definition, polymers are macromolecules formed by the combination or interlinking of a single repeating unit i.e. a monomer. Unlike carbohydrates and proteins, lipids do not form polymers. Lipids consist of a unique starting molecule that is different from the other units.Lipids are formed by the chemical combination of sub-units through reactions such as dehydration. Fatty acids combine through dehydration and release water.This process only allow lipids to elongate in one direction only whereas carbohydrates and proteins can form complex, branched structures.To be considered part of the same population organisms must have a reasonable chance of mating with each other. Are two wild roses separated by a wide road part of the same population?
Answers
Two questions have been asked, and responded to
Answer:
For question 1: The statement is true
For question 2: Yes, the two wild roses are of the same population
Explanation:
Population is simply the total number of organisms of the same species LIVING and BREEDING together in a given area.
I) To be considered part of the same population, two of more organisms MUST BE able to mate i.e produce gametes that are viable enough to fuse together and create new offsprings.
2) Yes! Two wild roses separated by a wide road belong to the SAME POPULATION because
- it is still a given area or habitat
- transfer of pollen grains by agents such as wind or insects is possible, thus breeding still occurs.
1: The statement is true
2: Yes, the 2 wild roses are of the identical population
Population organismsWhen the Population is just the overall number of organisms of the identical species LIVING and also BREEDING together in an exceedingly given area.
I) Then To be considered a part of the identical population that two or more organisms MUST BE able to mate that's produce gametes that are viable enough to fuse and make new off-springs.
2) Yes! When Two wild roses separated by a good road belong to the identical POPULATION because it's still a given area or habitat transfer of pollen grains by agents like wind or insects is feasible, thus breeding still occurs.
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What 5-carbon sugar makes up the DNA backbone? *
A. splenda
B. cane sugar
C. deoxyribose
Answers
Answer:
C. deoxyribose.. Hope that helps :)
A client with a myocardial infarction (MI) develops pulmonary crackles and dyspnea. A chest X-ray shows evidence of pulmonary edema. The specific type of MI the client had is most probably:
Answers
Answer: The client may have ruptured ventricular septa because of MI which may cause cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Explanation:
When the heart is not able to beat properly and propel the blood forward into the body through aorta, blood can regurgitate into the lungs through pulmonary veins. Due to inceeased backup pressure in the veins, fluid may leak out of the vessels and therefore can be accumulated in the air spaces causing edema. This cardiogenic pulmonary edema causes dyspnea.
1. ATP is used in the cell to transfer energy. __________ (True or False).2. When ATP is used in a reaction, the last phosphate is transferred to the substrate __________. (True or False). 3. Once phosphates are released from ATP they can be added back in an endergonic reaction. __________ (True or False). 4. The Gibbs free energy for the conversion of ATP to ADP is __________ .
Answers
Answer:
ATP is used in the cell to transfer energy True. 2. When ATP is used in a reaction, the last phosphate is transferred to the substrate True. 3. Once phosphates are released from ATP they can be added back in an endergonic reaction True. 4. The Gibbs free energy for the conversion of ATP to ADP is water .
How do energy and matter move through an ecosystem?
1.Energy unidirectionally flows through an ecosystem, whereas matter generally cycles within an ecosystem.
2.Both energy and matter cycle within an ecosystem.
3.Matter unidirectionally flows through an ecosystem, whereas energy cycles within an ecosystem.
4.Both energy and matter unidirectionally flow through an ecosystem.
Answers
Answer:
1.Energy unidirectionally flows through an ecosystem, whereas matter generally cycles within an ecosystem.
Explanation:
In an ecosystem, energy from the organisms of one trophic level to that of next occurs by the process of feeding. The flow of energy follows a unidirectional path which means that energy from producers is carried to the primary consumers, secondary consumers and so on. It does not flow in reverse direction (from consumers to producers).
On the other hand, matter such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. are cycled via various biogeochemical cycles. For instance, plants intake carbon from the air in the form of CO2 and form organic nutrients. These organic nutrients carry the carbon from plants to herbivores and then to the consumers of higher trophic levels. However, when plants and consumers die, the carbon present in their tissues is decomposed and is released back to the surroundings. In this way, the carbon cycle cycles carbon in an ecosystem.
In an ecosystem, energy flows unidirectionally, starting from the sun to producers, then consumers. On the other hand, matter like carbon, nitrogen, or water is cycled within the ecosystem, passing through various living organisms and the physical environment.
Explanation:In an ecosystem, energy and matter interact in very different ways. Firstly, energy flows unidirectionally through an ecosystem. This means it is transferred from the sun to producers (like plants) in the form of light energy, which these organisms then convert into chemical energy via photosynthesis. Herbivores, or primary consumers, then eat these plants and take in this energy. This energy is subsequently transferred up the food chain as these herbivores are eaten by carnivores, and so on. However, with each transfer, some energy is lost to the environment as heat, making for a one-way flow.
On the other hand, matter cycles within an ecosystem. This encompasses components such as carbon, nitrogen, and water, which are recycled through living organisms and the physical environment. For example, plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for photosynthesis. When they are consumed by animals, this carbon is incorporated into their bodies. Once these organisms die and decompose, the carbon is released back into the soil or atmosphere, completing the cycle.
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Match the following:________ 1. chloroplast genes are made of this substance 2. DNA body that releases energy from foods 3. nucleus food-making body 4. mitochondria cell headquarters 5. cell wall layers of cellulose outside the cell
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Answer: 1. Chloroplast: food-making body
2. DNA: genes are made of this substance
3. Nucleus: cell headquarters
4. Mitochondria: body that releases energy from foods
5. Cell wall: layers of cellulose outside the cell
Explanation:
Chloroplasts are the cell organelle that helps in food-making. Present only in plants.The DNA which means DeoxyriboNucleic Acid is the carrier of genetic information. Genes are made of DNA. The Nucleus is referred to as the cell headquarters; it is the central and most important part of an cell. Mitochondria is the power house of the cell; it is the body that releases energy from foods. The Cell wall is a layer of cellulose outside the cell.
is a collections of 250 to 800 million neural fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain, permitting them to communicate and coordinate processing
Answers
Answer:
Corpus callosum
Explanation:
Corpus callosum is the red part of the brain that has a “C” shape. The corpus callosum, which is made up of over 200 million of neural fibers, links both hemispheres of the brain (the left and right brain) together, which allows for coordination and complex communication between both in order for the brain to function properly.
This structure usually starts forming about 12 weeks after conception of a child, and continues to develop up to about 12 years of age of the child.
The main function of the corpus callosum is the ensuring of uninterrupted flow of information, and the integration of complex information and tasks such as motor, sensory and cognitive functions between both hemispheres of the brain.
Salmon hatcheries are commonly found near rivers along the West Coast of the United States because of decline in wild salmon populations due to what activities?
Answers
Answer:
Salmon populations in the United States is declining due to the following factors:
1. Over-fishing and human activities have put a major influence on the population of salmon.
2. Due to industrialization, urban growth, unplanned farming, deforestation, and pollution would have imparted strains on the stocks of salmon. Apart from this chemical contamination from the industrial run-off and agricultural activities are also declining populations of salmon.
3. Genetically modified fish from hatcheries usually escape and interbreed with wild fish, thus, changing the genetic features of the populations.
4. Construction of hydropower dams is also a major cause of the salmon population declining.
Answer:
The Salmon are endothermic animals and there internal environment changes according to the external environments. The change in the external environment can lead to the sudden decline in the population.
The main factors that are responsible for the decline in salmon populations are habitat fragmentation, habitat loss, hatcheries, increased urbanization and sudden change in the external environment. The increase in the environmental population also decreases the Salmon population.
if you selected the correct answer above, this means that you realized that natural selection is at play here. identify the four postulates
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
•Variation: Organism shows variation within a population, these variation could be body size, facial marks, hair color, number of offspring, etc. Also some features shows little or no variation, for example the number of eyes a vertebrate have, etc
•Inheritance: Certain traits are always passed from parents to their offsprings, these traits are called HERITABLE TRAITS. But traits that are exhibited as a result of an environment are termed weak heritable traits.
•High rate of population growth: When the number of offsprings produced in a year is greater than the resources within an environment, such population will experience high rate of mortality.
•Differential Survival and reproduction: The ability possessed by an individual to struggle for survival within it's environment will give rise to more offspring in the next generation.
A strand of tRNA (anticodon) has a sequence of Adenine, Uracil, Guanine. What codon in mRNA attracts this strand of tRNA? A Adenine, Uracil, Guanine
Answers
Answer:
uracil, adenine, cytosine
Explanation:
The anticodon of tRNA binds to the triplet codon of mRNA. Adenine of tRNA would pair with uracil of mRNA codon. Uracil of the tRNA anticodon would pair with adenine of the mRNA codon. Similarly, the guanine of the tRNA anticodon binds to the cytosine of the mRNA codon. The codons of mRNA are read from 5' to the 3' direction. And the polarity of the anticodon of tRNA is opposite to that of the mRNA codons. Therefore, if a tRNA anticodon has a sequence of "Adenine, Uracil, Guanine", it would pair with the mRNA codon with a sequence "uracil, adenine, cytosine".
Answer:Uracil, Adenine,Guanine
Explanation: we have two nitrogenous base in both DNA and RNA this includes purine and pyrimidine.
Purine includes-Adenine and Thyamine or Uracil as in case of RNA while pyrimidine includes cytosine and guanine. Purine base pairs with pyrimidine base in both RNA and DNA i.e
Adenine-Thyamine/Uracil
Cytosine- Guanine.
For this question the pairing includes,
Adenine-Uracil(RNA)
Uracil-Adenine
Cytosine-Guanine
A combination of the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 VNTR gene and the 5-HTTLPR gene has been found to result in a(n) _____ temperament in 6-month-old infants.
Answers
Answer: Difficult temperament.
Explanation:
Difficult temperament in children is a situation where by a child shows characteristic features such as withdrawal, negative mood, high intensity, low regularity.
Raising children with difficult temperament can be very difficult, starting from infancy, such babies cry a lot, very hard and loudly, they are not easily soothe, they are difficult to get to sleep or even to stay asleep. They are also referred to as colic or high needs babies. One major way to deal with children who have difficult temperament is by not being emotional and instinctive in responding to them, the temperament of such children should be studied, and also their behaviour should not be taken personally.
Multicellular fungi are composed of thread-like structures called , which group together to form mycelia to perform specific functions?
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is- hyphae
Explanation:
Most multicellular fungi form thread-like filaments called hyphae. When these hyphae come together and fuse with each other they form mycelium.
This mycelium makes the body of multicellular fungi and because they are spread to longer distance they help in the absorption of water and nutrients for the fungi.
These mycelia are also responsible for secreting hydrolytic enzymes which play an important role in the decomposition of organic matter which is then absorbed by the fungi. Therefore the correct answer is hyphae.
Fungi are organized into thread-like structures known as hyphae. These hyphae, when grouped, form mycelia which enables fungi to perform various biological functions.
Explanation:
Multicellular fungi are composed of thread-like structures called hyphae, which group together to form mycelia. This organization allows fungi to perform essential tasks and function as a united entity. The grouped structure of the hyphae, the mycelium, is like the root system of the fungi, providing an expanded surface area for nutrient absorption. They play a distinctive role in decomposition and nutrient cycling and perform specific functions like nutrient absorption, reproduction, and growth.
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When too much sugar is consumed in the diet, glucose in the blood exceeds the body's need for energy, and glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, and as ________ in fat tissue.
Answers
Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, while the surplus is converted into fatty acids and stored as fat in adipose tissue.
Excess glucose in the blood, beyond the body's energy requirements, is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, and as fat in adipose tissue. When glycogen stores are full, additional glucose is converted into fatty acids, which are stored in adipose tissue cells as triglycerides.
Why is DNA replication essential for a cell?
a.It allows the organism to repair any mistakes.
b.Because DNA is double-stranded.
c.An organism must copy its DNA to pass genetic information to its offspring.
d.All organisms require two copies of DNA.
Answers
Answer:
C. An organism must copy its DNA to pass genetic information to its offspring
Explanation:
Without the copying of the DNA life would not continue as existing organisms would not be able to reproduce and replace themselves.
Starting with the smallest level of ecological organization and moving toward the highest, the order should go organism, __________.
Answers
Answer: population, community, ecosystem and biosphere
Explanation:
In ecological organization, the smallest level is Organism level (a unit representative).
Population level comes next after the Organism level. Population refers to the total number of organisms of the same species inhabiting a geographical area.
Then, Community level comes next after population level. A refers to group of plants, animals and other living components functioning in their non-living environment.
Ecosystem level is the next after community level. An ecosystem refers to the aggregate of living organisms interacting with the non-living components in an environment.
Lastly, Biosphere is the highest level in ecological organization. Biosphere refers to the part of the earth where living organisms occupies.
Answer: Individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome and biosphere .
Explanation:
The levels of ecological organization are individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome and biosphere . They describe the arrangement of biological organisms in relation to each other, being a classification and organization of the various ecosystems. These ecosystems can be studied at small or large levels. At the simplest level of the hierarchy are the individual organisms, where interactions with other organisms are not considered. As the hierarchy has moved upwards, environmentalists have found more complex ways to describe the relationships between organisms. These culminate in the biosphere, which describes the totality of all living things on planet Earth.
Individual: Individuals or organisms constitute the basic unit of study in ecology. At this level, form, physiology, behaviour, distribution and adaptations to environmental conditions are studied. Similar organisms or individuals have the potential to cross over and produce fertile offspring. An individual or organism is fully adapted to its environment.Population: An ecological population is made up of a group of individuals of a given species living in a specific geographical area at a given time and functioning as a biotic community unit. Populations include individuals of the same species, but may have different genetic characteristics such as the color and size of hair, eyes and skin between them and other populations.Community: They include all populations in a specific area at a given time. A community includes populations of organisms of different species. For example, populations of fish, salmon, crabs and herring coexist in a defined location forming an ecological community. Biotic community organization results from the interdependence and interactions between populations of different species in a habitat. It is a set of populations of plants, animals, bacteria and fungi that live in an area and interact with each other.Ecosystem: Ecosystems are the place where living organisms interact with each other and with their physical environment. It is composed of a biotic community, integrated with its physical environment through the exchange of energy and recycling of nutrients. An ecosystem has two basic components: abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living organisms). Abiotic components comprise inorganic materials such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, CO2, water, etc., while biotic components include producers, consumers and decomposers.Biome: It is a set of ecosystems that share similar characteristics with their abiotic factors adapted to their environment. Biomes are units of land with a natural boundary that have a mosaic of terrains generally representing different ecosystems. It is a large regional unit characterized by an important type of vegetation and associated fauna found in a specific climatic zone.Biosphere : When we consider all the different biomes, each mixed into the other, with all the human beings living in many different geographical areas, we form a huge community of human beings, animals, plants and microorganisms in their defined habitats. A biosphere is the sum of all the established ecosystems on planet Earth. It is the living (and decomposing) component of the Earth system. The entire inhabited part of the earth and its atmosphere, including the living components are called the biosphere.As fluid moves toward the injury site, which cells of the immune system follow to remove pathogens and cellular debris through phagocytosis__________.
Answers
Answer:
macrophages
Explanation:
Macrophages are the specialized cells that perform phagocytosis which refers to the intake of microbes, pathogens, toxins, etc. to remove them from the body. During any injury, capillaries become more permeable under the influence of histamine and other substances. This allows the tissue fluid to move towards the site of infection. Monocytes are the phagocytes that arrive at the site of injury or infections along with neutrophils. Monocytes are transformed into actively phagocytic macrophages. Macrophages ingest the debris and pathogens and kill them by the hydrolytic enzymes present inside them.
The cumulative biological war and tear that results from responses to stress that to maintain body equilibrium is known as:___________
Answers
Answer:
The cumulative biological war and tear that results from responses to stress that to main body equilibrium is known as Allostatic load
Explanation:
This condition results from excess cycle of response as they want to maintain allostasis when different environmental challenge takes place.In such cases, imbalance occur in those hormones( glucocorticoid, catecholamine,cytokines) which are responsible for stress.Chronic dysregulation causes cumulative physiological risk and causes disease by damaging the tissue and major organ system.