Answer: True
Explanation: ABS is Anti-lock Braking System. This is a safety braking system in vehicles of today where it helps to keep the brakes of the vehicle from locking up which in turn help drivers to maintain control of the steering.
ABS helps to control a moving vehicle during event of sudden braking. It helps to avoid skidding while braking.
ABS has four major components which are: Speed sensor, valves, electronic control unit and hydraulic control unit. They all work together for a perfect braking system.
while vehicles without abs is not easy to stop unexpectedly. A quick jab of the brakes may help control the front wheel traction loss.
Arrange these events in chronological order:
(A) Dred Scott decision,
(B) Lincoln-Douglas debates,
(C) Kansas-Nebraska Act,
(D) Harpers Ferry raid.
Answer:
C, A, B, D
Explanation:
C - The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed as a bill in 1854 – that allowed territorial colonists to decide if slavery would be permitted within the borders of a new state .
A- The Dred Scott decision was a ruling by the Supreme Court in 1857 – which confirmed that the owners of slaves can take them into western territories.
B - The Lincoln–Douglas debates took place in 1858 – which centered on the issue of slavery in a series of seven debates by Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas.
D- The Harpers Ferry raid happened in 1859 – by John Brown, who tried to instigate revolutions by slaves that require the use of arms.
Ever since his mother began to give Julio gold stars for keeping his bed dry all night, Julio discontinued his habit of bed-wetting. His change in behavior best illustrates the value of a primary reinforcement. b classical conditioning. c spontaneous recovery. d operant conditioning. e latent learning.
Answer:
Ope-rant conditioning
Explanation:
Ope-rant conditioning is the process in which an animal or human learns behavior through reward and punishment. In this process, the experimenter makes an association between the behavior and its consequences. Ope-rant conditioning plays a great role in daily life, in educational settings as well. Punishment and reinforcement could be taken in natural settings in daily routine.
Thus in the above statement, Julio's mother used ope-rant conditioning to change her behavior of bed-wetting.
The scenario demonstrating Julio's change in behavior due to receiving gold stars for keeping his bed dry is an example of operant conditioning. The gold stars serve as a secondary reinforcer, a form of positive reinforcement that encourages the continuation of the desired behavior.
Explanation:Julio's change in behavior after his mother began giving him gold stars for keeping his bed dry illustrates the value of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is a method of learning that uses rewards or punishments to strengthen or extinguish a behavior. In this case, the gold stars are a form of positive reinforcement, encouraging Julio to maintain the desired behavior of a dry bed at night.
A primary reinforcer is something that provides innate satisfaction or fulfills a biological need; however, the gold stars Julio is receiving are more akin to a secondary reinforcer. Secondary reinforcers, like gold stars, money, or praise, have no inherent value but become reinforcing after being linked with primary reinforcers or other inherently desirable outcomes over time.
Therefore, the scenario with Julio demonstrates operant conditioning with a secondary reinforcer being the gold stars which act as a form of positive reinforcement to alter his behavior.
Researchers have found that when habitual smokers are provided with low-nicotine cigarettes they:
a) smokers commonly report that smoking reduces stress.
b) adult smoking increases with stress.
c) smokers feel much more relaxed than nonsmokers do.
d) smokers report less anxiety if allowed to smoke.
Answer:
Option 1 is the answer - smoke more to maintain their nicotine intake
Explanation:
Nicotine is a highly addictive component of tobacco that leads to the continuous smoking of cigarette by habitual smokers. When nicotine obsession develops, it becomes very difficult to refrain from the use of tobacco products by addicted individuals.
Experimental studies on reduced nicotine content cigarettes have shown that when chain-smokers are presented with low nicotine cigarettes, they tend to adjust their smoking habits so as to maintain the amount of nicotine intake they need.
The sign for slow moving vehicles ( those that can only drive less than 25 mph) is
a) a red hexagonb) an ovalc) a red triangle with its corners snippedd) is an orange diamond
Answer:
c) a red triangle with its corners snipped
Explanation:
In the United States and Canada, a slow moving vehicle refers to vehicles that are slower than the normal traffic, in particular a slow moving vehicle can only drive less than 25 mph. This kind of vehicles must display a sign at the rear to warn people driving behind them that they are a slow moving vehicle.
The sign is shown below and we can see that it is a red triangle with its corners snipped. Therefore, the correct answer is c)
"You should now understand the three most-recommended methods for improving your ability to recall people's names: the repetition method, the word-association method, and the visual imagery method. I hope you will put these methods into practice and you will remember my name the next time you see me in the hall." What device is Aisha making use of in her speech?A) a final summaryB) a transitionC) an internal summaryD) a preview statement
Answer:
A) a final summary
Explanation:
A summary may be defined as a brief account or statement of the main speech or a writing. It is also the abstract or synopsis where it represents the short and main idea of the entire speech.
In the context, Aisha is presenting a final summary of her speech to the audience by saying the final and the most important points in short or brief of how to improve the retention ability of a person to recall a person's name.
Thus the correct option is (A).
Approximately ___________ of commercial banks in the U.S. are chartered by state banking commissions with the remainder being chartered by the Federal Comptroller of the Currency.
Answer:
Two-Thirds
Explanation:
After various analyzes on the commercial banks within the United States of America, it has been shown that approximately Two-Thirds of commercial banks in the U.S. are chartered by state banking commissions with the remainder being chartered by the Federal Comptroller of the Currency.
Approximately half of U.S. commercial banks are chartered by state banking commissions, and the others by the Federal Comptroller of the Currency. This reflects a complex banking system regulated by multiple agencies to ensure stability and protect deposits.
Approximately half of commercial banks in the U.S. are chartered by state banking commissions, with the remainder being chartered by the Federal Comptroller of the Currency. Over time, the number of banks in the U.S. has decreased due to factors such as bank failures, banking crises like those occurring between 2007 and 2009, and bank mergers. However, regulations, such as those from the Federal Reserve and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), help manage the banking environment and ensure the safety of depositor funds up to $250,000 per account.
State-chartered banks are regulated by their respective state banking departments and may be members of the Federal Reserve System. The federal bank charter, granted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, allows banks to operate with certain advantages, but also requires adherence to federal banking laws. The landscape of banking supervision is complex, managing both national and international banking operations to maintain financial stability.
Abigail's parents own a small restaurant. She has helped out and worked there for as long as she can remember. Her father keeps saying that Abigail will eventually run the business side and her brother, Anthony, will run the kitchen. Abigail has accepted this for her future, knowing it would devastate her parents if she didn't. Abigail is displaying:
The following is missing for the question to be complete:
A. Identity diffusion
B. Identity moratorium
C. Identity foreclosure
D. Identity achievement
Answer: C. Identity foreclosure
Explanation: Identity foreclosure is characteristic of adolescence, that is, in young people who have an identity but all ideas and traits the young person has just picked up from their parents, friends, group. Young people in this age have a pronounced identity, and are prone to discover their own identities, but also a tendency to receive various influences first of all family and then environment. In other words, young people in this age, are still not exploring other opportunities and ideas, but are adopting established patterns.
The combination of the emphatic need to explore one's own identity in adolescence and the established characteristics of family and society creates this psychological phenomenon. Identity foreclosure is, in fact, a consequence of a pronounced desire to discover one's identity, but when adolescents are still unsure of who they are, what their true traits and aspirations are, they can then adopt someone else's, from a close environment, ideas and traits for which they think they are theirs.
Under the Good Samaritan Law, you can not be held liable for trying to help someone at a traffic collision if you helped in good faith.a) trueb) false
Final answer:
Under the Good Samaritan Law, you generally cannot be held liable for helping someone at a traffic collision if you act in good faith, making the statement true. However, willful or reckless conduct is not protected, and regular employment duties are excluded from Good Samaritan protections.
Explanation:
Under the Good Samaritan Law, if you help someone in good faith at a traffic collision, you generally cannot be held liable for any unintended harm. Good Samaritan laws were enacted to promote helping others in emergency situations without fear of legal repercussions. These laws insulate individuals from liability when they render emergency care or assistance without compensation and without willful, wanton, or reckless disregard for the safety of those they help. In essence, as long as your actions are well-intentioned and not reckless, you should be protected by Good Samaritan statutes.
So, the statement that under the Good Samaritan Law, you cannot be held liable for trying to help someone at a traffic collision if you helped in good faith is true. However, it's important to note that not all situations are covered and protections vary by jurisdiction. Acts deemed willful, wanton, or reckless could still result in liability. Additionally, Good Samaritan Laws don't cover actions taken during the course of regular employment if one is compensated for such activities.
What is the term for an imitation treatment that has no known physical effect or therapeutic value on the subjects in a research study?
a) theory
b) placebo
c) single-blind trial
d) double-blind trial
The correct answer is letter B
Explanation: Placebo is a treatment that has no action against a symptom or disease, but often leads to healing.
Used primarily in research control groups, they are critical for evaluating the effects of a given drug. When we use placebos in experiments, we expect that the group using it will not show any clinical improvement. The group that is using the real drug, on the other hand, should show a substantial improvement, thus representing the therapeutic efficacy of a new drug.
A placebo is a fake treatment with no therapeutic value used in clinical trials to control for the placebo effect. When both participants and researchers are unaware of who receives this placebo, the study is known as a double-blind trial.
Explanation:The term for an imitation treatment that has no known physical effect or therapeutic value on the subjects in a research study is a placebo. A placebo is a "fake" treatment used in clinical trials to control for the placebo effect. Such treatments help researchers to determine the actual effectiveness of a medical treatment without the influence of the subjects' or clinicians' expectations. When both the subjects and the researchers involved do not know who is receiving the active treatment and who is receiving the placebo, the study is called a double-blind trial. This methodology is considered the gold standard, as it minimizes biases that could influence the results of the study.
Maureen, an attorney, went to law school to become a child advocate. Instead, she accepted a high-paying job at a corporation and was a partner by age 45. When looking back on the last two decades of her life, she wishes she had made different career choices. Maureen is experiencing________.
Answer:
The answer is life regrets.
Explanation:
Regret is a common emotion among people, especially in middle age and old age. Some experts agree that these regrets are usually about career and education choices. Regretful thoughts often lead to feelings of guilt and frustration.
Most psychologist agree that retrospective analysis (understanding the reason behind past decisions) can ease the feelings of regret.
Jessica comes home from middle school one day and is upset. Her Mom asks her what is wrong and Jessica responds, "All the kids at school make fun of me and say that I am chunky and big-boned. I just want to be thin like the rest of the girls!" Jessica's Mom retorts with, "Honey, don't worry what the other kids say. You don't have to be very thin like some of those other girls, just make sure you are healthy. Besides, we are all genetically preprogrammed to carry around a certain amount of body weight. That is just how we were made." Jessica's Mom is clearly referring to the _____
Answer:
The answer is the set-point theory.
Explanation:
According to set-point theory, everyone is "programmed" with an ideal body weight in order to function properly. This also means that any weight-loss will result in a slower metabolism and increased energy expenditure, leading to more food consumption. Eventually, the body will go back to its ideal weight.
Roy was sitting in class when he realized that he had stopped listening to his instructor's lecture and started day dreaming. He only stopped paying attention for a few minutes, but the instructor had already moved on to a new topic. It would be most appropriate for Roy to __________.
Answer:refocus his attention on the lecture and start actively taking notes again.
Explanation:
Roy need to stop daydreaming and draw back his focus to the lecture otherwise he will have a lot to catch up on and may end up being lost completely when she tries to study in the future which may effect his grade.
It will be hard to try to study something that he didn't understand whilst he was in the classroom.
Which of the following is true of a general election?
A. It is regularly scheduled in even-numbered years.
B. It is used to fill vacancies caused due to resignations.
C. It is used to fill vacancies caused by reason of death.
D. It is held to decide an issue before the next special election.
E. It is carried out to elect the governors of states. 1
Answer:
A
Explanation:
General elections are elections held in a country to choose the President, and this occurs every 4 years, which is after a term has been served by the incumbent President. Although it may also involve special elections which are observed to occupy prematurely vacated positions.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Regularly scheduled elections for the Senate and the House of Representatives are always held in even-numbered years. Elections for these offices are only held during odd-numbered years if accommodating a special election—usually either due to incumbents resigning or dying while in office.
Article II, Section 1, of the Constitution states that the president must be at least 35 years old, a resident of the United States for at least fourteen years, and _________.
Answer:
Section 1 of Article II of US constitution state that president must be of 35 year of age and must resident in US for 14 year and must be natural born citizen of US.
Explanation:
Section 1 of Article II of US constitution state that president must be of 35 year of age and must resident in US for 14 year and must be natural born citizen of US.
Section 1 of Article II of US constitution also state that US president has absolute power to control all executive department of government and it also state that president and his vice president elect at the same time for serving period of 4 year.
Colin had researched, outlined, and practiced his speech carefully, but on the day he was to give the speech, his girl-friend broke up with him. He found it impossible to keep his mind on his speech or his audience and continually lost his place. What public speaking term best describes this situation?
a) psychological noise
b) speaker anxiety
c) auditory channel deficiency
d) physiological noise
Answer:
a) psychological noise
Explanation:
In psychology, the term psychological noise refers to a mental interference that exists in the speaker. One form of psychological noise is wandering thoughts, in other words, the speaker is not focused and his thoughts keep wandering away from the topic he should focus in.
In this example, Colin had a very well practiced speech but on the day he was supposed to give it, his girlfriend broke up with him. Therefore, he found impossible to keep his mind on his speech or audience. We can see that Colin had difficulties staying focused and his mind kept wandering away from his speech because of what happened with his girlfriend. Therefore this would be an example of psychological noise.
Creating a list of motivational keywords to replace negative thoughts is an example of what?
Answer:
It is an example of positive self-talk.
Explanation:
Positive self-talk is a method used to switch negative thoughts and turn them into positive ones, in order to motivate oneself. It is a way for an individual to realize his/her real value and help him/herself better him/herself.
In this case, creating a list of motivational keywords is the perfect example of positive self-talk since it helps the individual "look at the bigger picture" and understand his/her value in order to get rid of the negative thoughts.
Creating a list of motivational keywords to replace negative thoughts is an example of cognitive restructuring, a technique in cognitive behavioral therapy used to challenge and replace negative thought patterns with more positive, realistic thoughts.
Explanation:Creating a list of motivational keywords to replace negative thoughts is an example of cognitive restructuring. Cognitive restructuring is a psychological technique that is part of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The idea behind cognitive restructuring is to change negative thought patterns and beliefs by challenging them and replacing them with more positive, realistic thoughts. This allows an individual to manage stressful situations or decrease anxiety and depression more effectively.
For example, if an individual tends to think, "I am unable to do well on this test because I'm not good at this subject," that's a negative thought pattern. They can engage in cognitive restructuring by changing the thought to something like, "I have struggled with this subject in the past, but with sufficient study and preparation, I can do well on this test."
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Common law (also called case law or precedent) is a source of law that is derived from:
A. a single document that contains all laws.
B. court decisions.
C. popular culture.
D. federal rules and regulations.
Answer:
The answer is B. Court decisions.
Explanation:
Common law refers to a law that is derived from courts' judicial decisions as well as other similar tribunals. The most important characteristic of common law is that it emerges as a precedent.
Common law is usually utilized when the parties disagree about the establishment of a specific law. In this case, a common-law court reviews the decisions that were considered in the past by relevant courts and summarizes the different principles related to those cases to apply them to the current facts.
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution gave President Lyndon Johnson wide latitude to escalate the conflict. a. resulted in a U.S. declaration of war on North Vietnam. b. called for 250,000 U.S. combat troops to be sent to Vietnam. c. both gave President Lyndon Johnson wide latitude to escalate the conflict, and called for 250,000 U.S. combat troops to be sent to Vietnam. d. none of these answers is correct.
Answer:
c. both gave President Lyndon Johnson wide latitude to escalate the conflict, and called for 250,000 U.S. combat troops to be sent to Vietnam.
Explanation:
---------a useful way to visually represent the data in a production possibilities schedule is by means of a?
Answer:
A useful way to visually represent the data in a production possibilities schedule is by means of a
Graph called as production possibilities curve.Explanation:
A useful way to visually represent the data in a production possibilities schedule is by means of a graph is called as production possibilities frontier.Production possibilities frontier in business analysis is also known as production possibilities curve that represent maximum output of two things with the fixed input of a thing.A production possibilities curve (PPF) visually represents the data in a production possibilities schedule. It's a graph that shows feasible combinations of two goods an economy can produce with their available resources.
Explanation:A useful way to visually represent the data in a production possibilities schedule is by means of a production possibilities curve or frontier (PPF).
This is a graph that shows the different quantities of two goods that an economy could efficiently produce with limited productive resources. For example, if we have two goods, apples and oranges, each point on the curve represents a feasible combination of apples and oranges that can be produced within the constraints of available resources.
On the PPF, points inside the curve are inefficient, points right on the curve are efficient, and points outside the curve are unattainable with current resources and technology.
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Abigail spends her time with a group of five other teenage girls who share her attitudes and interests. This group is called a:
Answer:
These are the options for the question:
a) crowd.
b) dyad.
c) gang.
d) clique.
And this is the correct answer:
d) clique
Explanation:
A clique is a small group of people who hang out together and share similar interests. Teenagers like Abigail often form cliques.
All the other options are incorrect because:
A crowd is a large group of people including hundreds or even thousands of members.A gang is commonly defined as a group of individual who are involved in criminal activity.And a dyad is the smallest group possible: composed of only two people.Suppose you have a friend named Leah. Her current weight is 270 pounds but she wants to lose weight at a healthy rate so she can better maintain weight loss. If she follows the "10%" guideline, how much weight (in pounds) should she aim to lose in a 6 month period?
Answer:
She would have lost 108 pounds of weight within the space of 6 months following the 10% guide
Explanation;
Leah Current weight is 270 pounds,
If she follows the 10% guide of doing healthy exercises and jobs that would make her lose 10% of her weight,
10% of her weight 270 = 27
if she loses 27 pounds of weight every month consistently,
After 6 month, she would have lost = 108 pounds of weight (27 x 6)
I.e she should aim at losing 27 pounds of weight every month.
After six month her weight will be at 162 pounds (i.e 270-108 = 162)
To follow the 10% guideline for weight loss, Leah should aim to lose 27 pounds in a 6-month period.
To calculate how much weight Leah should aim to lose in a 6-month period following the "10%" guideline, one must first find 10% of Leah's current weight.
Step 1: Find 10% of 270 pounds: 270 x 0.10 = 27 pounds.
Step 2: Leah should aim to lose 27 pounds in a 6-month period to follow the guideline.
Black Americans are, on the whole, about twice as likely as White Americans to develop high blood pressure. This likelihood also holds for westernized Black Africans when compared to White Africans. Researchers have hypothesized that this predisposition in westernized Blacks may reflect an interaction between western high-salt diets and genes that adapted to an environmental scarcity of salt.
Answer:
The correct option is A (The blood pressures of those descended from peoples situated throughout their history in Senegal and Gambia, where salt was always available, are low)
Explanation:
Option B only talks about the findings in some areas and does not emphasize on the findings in all areas.
Option C: This option does not have any effect on the hypothesis trying to be proved.
Option D also does not strengthen or weaken the hypothesis, hence it is not the correct answer.
Option E: This option does not make mention of anything relating to the gene and hence does not do anything to the hypothesis.
________ information addresses the extent to which the same person responds similarly to different stimuli.
a. Distinctiveness
b. Consensus
c. Consistency
d. Discriminating
Answer:
The correct answer for the exercise: ________ information addresses the extent to which the same person responds similarly to different stimuli. Is: c) distinctiveness
Explanation:
First of all, distinctiveness is a concept from social and behavioral psychology that recalls the action of when someone has enough knowledge of a certain subject to claim that its behavior is different from its usual behavior due to stimuli presentation. In this case, this applies because different stimuli can cause the subject to behave similarly, but because we know the subject we can associate both behaviors with different stimuli.
Political leaders may propose _______ policy to aid their own political interest by promoting the upside of the business cycle to coincide with an election..
Answer:
Political leaders may propose fiscal policy to aid their own political interest by promoting the upside of the business cycle to coincide with the election.
Explanation:
It is observed that the fiscal policies designed by the governments are majorly in favor of giant businesses. This is because such businesses fund the political parties to help them carry out the expenses of the election campaigns.Hence, in order to keep the funds from such businesses flowing in, the political parties in power exercise their authority wrongly to favor the ones who help them financially during the elections.Quizket harlequin ichthyosis a rare genetic disorder causes the skin to become thick and scaly?
Answer:
Correct.
Explanation:
Harlequin ichthyosis is an extremely rare skin disease of the group called genodermatosis (group of hereditary dermatoses with metabolic disorders), it is also usually classified in autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI, for its acronym in English) next to ichthyosis lamellar and non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. It is the most serious form of congenital ichthyosis, it has become evident since birth and owes its name to the appearance of newborns suffering from the disease, reminiscent of a harlequin costume. Harlequin-type ichthyosis is a rare genetic disease of the skin characterized by large, thick scales that appear throughout the skin, as in turn is born with the eyelids turned so that instead of eyes the eyelids are completely red. It is usually associated with characteristic facial deformities and often abnormalities in other parts of the body, especially in the chest.
It is due to an alteration of keratinization whose pathophysiological mechanism is unknown, but it is believed that there is a dysgenesis of the lamellar layer, probably due to abnormalities of the skin's lipids, which results in massive follicular hyperkeratosis.
Shameikas speaking goal is to persuade her classmates to participate in local volunteer service organizations. She says, If we each sacrafice a little time and energy, all members of our community will be safe and happy. Together, we can make a difference. This appeal is most likely to be effective in a(n):___________
Answer:reform
Explanation:
Shameikas speaking goal is to persuade her classmates, She says, If we each sacrifice a little time and energy, This appeal is most likely to be effective in a Reform.
What is reform?A reform is referred to as the movement of change to improve the existing things, for the development of the country. This reform is organized for different issues based on rights, education, employment and so on.
The goal of the reform is to raise the standard for competent public management, which must be reflected in the quality of the product undertaken, the achievements accomplished, the service offered, improved administrative culture as well as ethical behavior.
In the paragraph, Shameikas persuades classmates by saying "If we each sacrifice a little time and energy, all members of our community will be safe and happy" which indicates an appeal to improve the existing culture and make a difference in society.
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A focus on external behavior rather than internal workings of the mind is favored by the ______ perspective.
a. Psychodynamic
b. Behavioral
c. Scientific
d. None
Answer:
Behavioral perspective
Explanation:
Behavioral perspective is the phenomena in which learning and the behavior of human beings or animals have been described by the relationship between stimulus and the response.
Many factors affect the behavior of a person:
The environment could effects the behavior f a person. Motivation is another factor that affects the behavior of a person. Learning is the pers[ective that could happen due to change in environment Learning can occur through the relationship of stimulus and the response Both the animals and the human beings learn behavior in the same way through reinforcement and punishmentThe risk for firms that follow the unrelated diversification strategy in developed economies is that: a. conglomerates are typically owned by one powerful entrepreneur and do not survive his/her retirement or death. b. government regulations, especially in Europe, have periodically forced the dissolution of conglomerates. c. competitors can imitate financial economies more easily than they imitate economies of scope. d. external investors tend to dump the stocks of conglomerates during economic downturns.
Answer:
The answer is letter C.
Explanation:
The risk for firms that follow the unrelated diversification strategy in developed economies is that: competitors can imitate financial economies more easily than they imitate economies of scope.
Bacteria display a collective communication behavior that detects and responds to cell density. This phenomenon is known as
Answer:
Quorum sensing
Explanation:
Quorum sensing is characterized by a system of intra and interspecies communication of microorganisms, based on the emission of stimuli and responses dependent on population density. This type of interaction reflects the behavior of microorganisms, demonstrating the ability to inhabit different environments, capturing the information of their environment, communicate with different species, monitor their population density and mainly regulate their gene expression by controlling cellular processes such as sporulation , biofilm formation, expression of virulence factors, production of bacteriocins and antibiotics and bioluminescence. It is also believed that cellular communication system play important roles in the microbial ecology of foods, both in the deterioration of these products on the multiplication of pathogens and toxins.
Suppose that Spain has a comparative advantage in hats and Portugal has a comparative advantage in doormats. Under a system of free trade, each country specializes and then trades with the other. If the price starts at four hats per doormat, and then increases to five hats per doormat, then: Group of answer choices some of the gains from trade shift to Spain. some of the gains from trade shift to Portugal. people in Portugal will not want to buy as many hats. Spain no longer has a comparative advantage in hats.
Answer:
Some of the gains from trade shift to Portugal.
Explanation:
The law of comparative advantage describes how agents produces more of and consumes less of a good for which they have a comparative advantage in. Agents have a comparative advantage if they produce a good at a lower marginal cost prior to trade. Contrary to it, agent has an absolute advantage if they produce a good more productively, or more quantity of goods for a less amount of resources.
In this example, if the price of doormat increases to 5 hats per doormat, Spain will have to produce hats to get 1 doormat. Contrary to it, Portugal will get more hats for producing the same amount of doormats as before.
So, to conclude, Portugal will gain from this trade.