_____ is an essential lung-coating substance that keeps air sacs from collapsing.

The answer is B

Ribosomes

The answer is true. Radio waves just like light waves can be reflected refracted and diffracted and polarized. These characteristics are the common phenomena for electromagnetic (EM)  waves, and Radio Waves are electromagnetic Waves so much so that they obey reflection, refraction, and diffraction.

INCORRECT: *the light reactions take place in the cytoplasm and the light-independent reactions occur in the chloroplast

*The light-dependent ("light reaction") reactions occur in the Grana (look like a stack of green coins or coils) of the chloroplast.

The incorrect statement about photosynthesis is: The light reactions take place in the cytoplasm, and the light-independent reactions occur in the chloroplast. The correct option is A.

In photosynthesis, light reactions, also known as light-dependent reactions, occur in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, not in the cytoplasm.

The thylakoid membrane is a specialized membrane within the chloroplast where light reactions take place.

This is where the photosystems and other components involved in capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy are located.

Thus, the incorrect statement is option A.

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Complete question:

Which is incorrect about photosynthesis?

A. The light reactions take place in the cytoplasm and the light-independent reactions occur in the chloroplast

B. The light-independent reactions don't require light but can occur in its presence

C. The light-dependent reactions produce NADPH and ATP.

D. The light-dependent reactions release oxygen photosystems that act as antennae to capture photons.

Chemical Reaction or Chemical Weathering.

The correct answer is: a. excitement

Human sexual response cycle is a set of four phases (reactions) in human as a response to sex stimulus.

1. Excitement phase- result of physical or mental stimuli

2. The plateau phase- the period characterized by increased stimulation and increased muscle tension prior to orgasm

3. Orgasm-phase characterized by quick cycles of muscle contraction

4. The resolution phase - after orgasm characterized by the relaxation of muscles.

The first phase of the human sexual response cycle is the 'excitement' phase. This is followed by the 'plateau' phase then the 'orgasm' phase and finally the 'resolution' phase.

The human sexual response cycle, a model proposed by Masters and Johnson, commences with the 'excitement' phase. This cycle has four phases in total: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. In the 'excitement' phase physical changes occur within the human body as a response to sexual stimulus. This includes increased heart rate blood pressure, and breathing rate. This phase is followed by the 'plateau' phase, where arousal is maintained. The 'orgasm' phase is next where the peak of sexual pleasure is experienced. The cycle concludes with the 'resolution' phase, a period of relaxation.

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First sentence is adaptation and the answer to the second sentence is geographic isolation.

The observed offspring ratio in the mammal genetic cross reflects X-linked inheritance for the eye color trait. Females may be heterozyous or homozygous for eye color, while males are hemizygous due to having only one X chromosome.

An individual with genotype bbrr is mated with another bbrr individual. The offspring ratio observed is 5 black hair and red eyes : 5 green hair and white eyes : 1 black hair and white eyes : 1 green hair and red eyes. This ratio suggests a genetic explanation for the observed phenotypes.

Based on the information given in the question and considering Mendelian genetics, the explanation for the observed phenotypes is likely the result of sex-linked inheritance, specifically X-linked inheritance for the eye color gene. Male offspring receive only one X chromosome from their mother and their eye color is determined by whichever allele is present on that X chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes and their eye color is determined by the combination of alleles on both X chromosomes. If eye color is indeed X-linked, the females can be heterozygous or homozygous, while males are hemizygous. Hair color, being autosomal, is inherited separately from eye color.

Answer:

1. Fatty acids are cleaved from the glycerol backbone during digestion to yield free fatty acids in a process called Lipolysis.

2. The formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as glucogenic amino acids, is called Gluconeogenesis.

3. The process of converting excess glucose to glycogen in the liver and muscle is referred to as Anabolic reaction.

4. The process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy is called Glycolysis.

5. Lipogenesis is the process that converts excess glucose or amino acids into fatty acids to be stored as triglycerides in the adipose cells.

Explanation:

1. Lipolysis is the metabolic pathway that provides energy during excessive exercises or long day fasts by the breakdown of fatty acids.

2. Gluconeogenesis is an important metabolic pathway for the body as it stores glucose in the form of energy, especially for the brain.

3. Anabolic reactions can be described as reactions through which a large molecule or compound is formed using smaller molecules. Hence, the process of converting glucose into glycogen can be referred to as anabolic reactions.

4. Glycolysis is an important metabolic pathway that releases energy through a series of reactions. It is the most important mechanism through which ATP is generated for performing different functions of the body.

5. Lipogenesis is a metabolic process that is opposite of lipolysis. In this process, fatty acids are made instead of breaking down.

Answer:

1. The new DNA strand that grows continuously in the 5' to 3' direction is called the leading strand.  

2. The enzyme that can replicate DNA is called DNA polymerase.  

3. Okazaki fragments are the short sections of DNA that are synthesized on the lagging strand of the replicating DNA.  

4. After replication is complete, the new DNAs, called daughter DNA, are identical to each other.  

5. During DNA replication, an open section of DNA, in which a DNA polymerase can replicate DNA, is called a replication fork  

Explanation:

The replication of DNA is process performed by an enzyme DNA polymerases that has the ability to synthesize new DNA in the 5' to 3' direction using “old” DNA as a complementary template. DNA polymerase requires a primer, a short fragment of DNA that serves as a starting point for replication. One strand of DNA-the leading strand is made as a continuous piece while the other-the lagging strand is made in small pieces (Okazaki fragments).

Other enzymes included in replication are DNA primase (synthesizes primer), DNA helicase (forms a replication fork), DNA ligase (binds DNA fragments), and topoisomerase (overwinding DNA).

The continuously growing new DNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction is called the leading strand. DNA polymerase is the enzyme that replicates DNA. Okazaki fragments represent short DNA sections synthesized on the lagging strand, and daughter DNA are the new DNA copies post replication. Lastly, a replication fork is the open section of DNA during replication where DNA polymerase acts.

1. The new DNA strand that grows continuously in the 5' to 3' direction is called the leading strand.

2. The enzyme that can replicate DNA is called DNA polymerase.

3. Okazaki fragments are the short sections of DNA that are synthesized on the lagging strand of the replicating DNA.  

4. After replication is complete, the new DNAs, called daughter DNA, are identical to each other.  

5. During DNA replication, an open section of DNA, in which a DNA polymerase can replicate DNA, is called a replication fork.

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1. A(n) operon ______ is a stretch of DNA consisting of an operator, a promoter, and genes for a related set of proteins, usually making up an entire metabolic pathway.

An operon is often define as a functioning unit of DNA which contains cluster of genes that are together transcribed and controlled.

2. The genes of an operon ______ is/are arranged sequentially after the promoter.

These genes are transcribed together into an mRNA. After that they can be translated together or that mRNA can be spliced into monocistronic mRNAs that are translated separately.

3. A(n) promoter _______ is a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase, positioning it to start transcribing RNA at the appropriate place.

This sequence of DNA is necessary for gene expression since it initiates transcription.

4. A(n) regulatory gene ______ for a protein, such as a repressor, that controls the transcription of another gene or group of genes.

Regulatory gene is gene that encodes for the regulatory proteins such as repressors or activators.

5. Regulatory proteins bind to the operator ______ to control expression of the operon.

For example, operator is a segment of DNA to which a repressor binds and negatively controls gene expression.

6. A(n) repressor ______ is a protein that inhibits gene transcription. In prokaryotes, this protein binds to the DNA in or near the promoter.

Repressor is a DNA-binding molecule (protein) with regulatory role: it can inhibit the expression of one or more genes.

7. A(n) inducer ______ is a specific small molecule that binds to a bacterial regulatory protein and changes its shape so that it cannot bind to an operator, thus switching an operon on.

An inducer is a molecule that regulates gene expression by binding to repressors or activators: prevents the repressor from binding to the operator or helps activator binding to DNA.

The operon model includes components such as an operon, genes, a promoter, a regulatory gene, an operator, a repressor, and an inducer. Each term refers to a specific role in the regulation of gene expression in bacteria.

The operon model describes how bacteria control the production of groups of enzymes. In this model, synthesis of the messenger RNA coding for these enzymes is switched on or off by regulatory proteins.

Answer:

A → B → C

Explanation:

The farther away the earth is to the sun, in its orbit, the slower it moves. This is due to gravity. The closer to the sun the earth is, the higher the effects of gravity hence it is pulled towards the sun more and it’s acceleration is higher than when it is away from the sun.

Answer:

Option B,  A → B → C

Explanation:

The Speed of earth around the sun is not uniform and it is due to the non-circular shape of the orbit on which earth moves around the sun.  

As per kepler’s 2nd law of motion,  a line between any celestial body moving around the sun will sweep equal area in equal times.  

Thus, the area swept as indicated by three highlighted area A, B, and C are equal. Now, since C is the farthest,  the area swept under C will be the highest therefore in order to cover same area in the same time, Earth has to move a bit faster when it is close to sun.

Answer:

Mobile genetic elements can destroy a gene’s capacity to encode a useful protein but cannot alter a gene’s expression pattern.

Explanation:

True: Mobile genetic elements can destroy a gene’s capacity to encode a useful protein

False: cannot alter a gene’s expression pattern.

Mobile genetic elements (Transposable elements) can alter gene regulation by changing chromatin structure, introducing novel promoters, novel splice sites or other post-transcriptional modifications. Mobile genetic elements that land in introns can become a exon or spliced into mRNA of the gene into which they have inserted, which can lead to introduction of stop codons into mRNA.

Final answer:

The incorrect statement about mobile genetic elements is that they cannot alter a gene's expression pattern; they can indeed influence gene expression by inserting into regulatory regions.

Explanation:

The statement that is NOT true of mobile genetic elements is "Mobile genetic elements can destroy a gene's capacity to encode a useful protein but cannot alter a gene's expression pattern." In fact, mobile genetic elements can and do alter a gene's expression pattern by various mechanisms, including their insertion into regulatory regions that control gene expression. Mobile genetic elements, also known as transposable elements, possess the ability to move within the genome and can have significant impacts on the genome's structure and function.

These elements can indeed disrupt gene function by inserting themselves into coding sequences, potentially leading to the production of nonfunctional proteins. Additionally, mobile genetic elements can alter the expression of a gene by inserting into its regulatory regions, such as promoters or enhancers, thereby affecting when and where a gene is turned on and off.

Moreover, by serving as recombination substrates, mobile genetic elements can facilitate the duplication and deletion of genomic material, lead to genome rearrangements creating new genes, and contribute to variations within a species by generating structural variants. These activities have played a significant role in the evolution and diversification of genomes, including the human genome.

is a relationship between distance and velocity

      v = Hd, where: v = velocity of a galaxy, in km/s. H = Hubble Constant, measured in km/s/Mpc and d is the distance in km.

The answer is false

Answer:

The method of taking imprints of someone's fingers to identify people in forensic science was only introduced by Sir William James Herschel in the late 1800s, then suggested and proposed by Henry Faulds in 1880; then the first known record of criminal fingerprint identification was made in 1892 at Buenos Aires by inspector Eduardo Alvarez in a murder case. Thereby that previous statement would be False.

Explanation:

The correct answer is: C) proteins

Ribosomes are organelles involved in protein synthesis during translation which are composed of two subunits, the big and the small one , ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules and ribosomal proteins. Ribosome has binding sites for RNA binding: mRNA which contains codons for protein synthesis and tRNA which contains anticodons complementary to codons.

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing proteins. Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis, interpreting genetic information into amino acid sequences.

Cells that specialize in producing large numbers of ribosomes are typically involved in the manufacture of proteins. The synthesis of proteins is a primary function of the ribosome, which means that cells with many ribosomes are often geared towards efficient protein production.

Option C) Proteins, therefore, is the correct answer. To clarify, ribosomes are molecular machines that synthesize proteins by translating the genetic information (mRNA) into amino acid sequences. This process is vital for cellular function and growth.

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According to endosymbiosis theory, the mitochondria was once free-living prokaryotic cell. The cell was engulfed by other cell (host cell) via the process of phagocytosis.

The “eaten” cell survived inside the host. The host cell provided a nutrition and safe environment to live and the future mitochondria produced energy that the host cell can use. Over time the organelle and the host cell have evolved together.  

it is b. when energy passes from one trophic level to another it is decreased a lot through metabolic processes

I think the answer is trophic levels.

Hope this helps.

Answer:

ice age/ Quaternary glaciation

Explanation:

Ice ages have occurred in the earth history and do occur more or less regularly in a cycle. It is believed that ice ages are as a result of small changes in the earth's orbit and also dependent on the solar cycles. The temperatures on the earth reduce causing the ice sheets in the poles to extend to the subtropics.

Answer:

ice age

Explanation:

What are the answer choices?

Typically, a community contains around four to five trophic levels - primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and occasionally, fifth level predatory consumers. However, the number may vary depending on the ecosystem's complexity.

Typically, there can be around four to five trophic levels in a community. A trophic level represents a level in the food chain or ecological pyramid and consists of organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary energy source, which is the sun. The trophic levels include primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and quaternary consumers. Occasionally, a top level predator such as an eagle, lion, or shark may exist, representing a fifth level. However, it's important to remember that the number of trophic levels can vary depending on the complexity of the ecosystem.

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Typically, a community has between three to five trophic levels, from primary producers to apex consumers. The exact number depends on the efficiency of energy transfer between levels, which generally decreases with each level, limiting the energy available for higher trophic levels.

The number of trophic levels in an ecological community typically ranges from three to five. These trophic levels begin with primary producers at the base, like green algae in a lake's ecosystem. Energy and nutrients pass to the next level, known as primary consumers, who feed on these producers. Secondary consumers, usually carnivores, feed on these primary consumers.

The nature of energy transfer between these levels explains why there are usually only a few trophic levels - with each transfer, the efficiency drops significantly, and only about 10% of energy is usually passed along. Thus, after four to six transfers, there isn't enough energy left to support another trophic level. This principle can be observed in real-world examples, such as the food web in Lake Ontario, where the primary producer (green algae) transferred energy through only three levels until reaching the apex consumer (the Chinook salmon).

The depiction of these levels can be seen in ecological pyramids, which represent the number of organisms, their biomass, or the energy content at each trophic level. The pyramid shape illustrates the decrease in energy, number, and biomass of organisms moving up the trophic levels.

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Answer: The answer is regulatory proteins

Explanation: Differential gene expression is the result of different cells containing different regulatory proteins.

Gene can be referred to as a portion or part of hereditary transferred from parent to offspring. Gene can also determine characteristics of the offspring.

Differential gene expression is the process that determines how cells grow.

Cell can be described as the smallest unit of life. It is called the building blocks of life and there are about trillions of cells in the human body.

Proteins are  macronutrients.

Final answer:

Differential gene expression is the result of different cells containing different regulatory sequences, which allow the cells to express a specific set of genes that contribute to their specialized functions. Regulatory proteins control this expression by binding to DNA regulatory sequences.

Explanation:

Differential gene expression is the result of different cells containing different regulatory sequences. In any multicellular eukaryotic organism, each cell contains the same set of DNA and genes, which include both structural and regulatory genes. However, the cells differentiate and become specialized by expressing different sets of these genes. Regulatory elements, such as enhancers and silencers, and the organization of chromatin around nucleosomes play key roles in controlling which genes are active in a particular cell. Moreover, post-translational modifications of histones in nucleosomes, such as methylation and acetylation, also affect gene expression by altering chromatin structure and hence accessibility to DNA. Regulatory proteins, including transcription factors, bind to these regulatory sequences to activate or repress gene transcription. The complexity of gene regulation permits eukaryotic cells to respond to environmental cues, maintain homeostasis, and undergo proper development and differentiation.

the correct answer is D) The photovoltaic cells absorb light energy from the sun, then the energy is stored as chemical potential energy in the battery where it can be transferred to electrical energy.

The photovoltaic cells absorb light energy from the sun, then the energy is stored as chemical potential energy in the battery where it can be transferred to electrical energy. So, the correct option is D.

A solar cell or photovoltaic cell, is defined as an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon.

There are three types of PV cell technologies which dominate the world market:

The photovoltaic cells absorb light energy from the sun, then the energy is stored as chemical potential energy in the battery where it can be transferred to electrical energy.

Therefore, the correct option is D.

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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:

In regards to photovoltaic cells found in solar panels scientists are researching types of batteries to store the energy in when it is not in use. What is the best explanation of the energy being conserved and transferred?

A) The photovoltaic cells absorb light energy from the sun, then the energy is stored as chemical kinetic energy in the battery then back to electrical energy.

B) The photovoltaic cells absorb light energy from the sun, then the energy is stored as chemical kinetic energy in the battery then back to electrical energy.

C) The photovoltaic cells absorb light energy from the sun, then the energy is stored as electrical energy in the battery where it can be transferred to potential energy.

D) The photovoltaic cells absorb light energy from the sun, then the energy is stored as chemical potential energy in the battery where it can be transferred to electrical energy.

PHANERITIC TEXTURE - Igneous rocks with large, visible crystals because the rock formed slowly in an underground magma chamber. PORPHYRITIC TEXTURE - an igneous rock in which PHENOCRYSTS (large crystals) are surrounded by a fine groundmass (very small crystals).

Answer:

Large-size crystals are known as phaneritic texture.

Explanation:

The term phaneritic is used normally to talk about rocks that are igneous but that are not so fine as the aphanites. This means that the size of the matrix grains in these rocks is quite large and, unlike the aphanites, they can be observed and distinguished with the naked eye. No instrument of increase is needed.

This is Territorial Behavior, because the area that cats defend as their living space would be their territory, and how they act inside the territory is in defense of their home.

Answer:

Territorial Behavior

Explanation:

The cat is protecting its territory (certain area) Periodddttttt

the amount of soil is the independent variable

Answer:

B. Antibodies react specifically with an antigen.

Explanation:

Serological tests are blood tests that look for antibodies in your blood. They can involve a number of laboratory techniques. Flucculation tests are based on the precipitation that takes place when antibody and specially prepared antigens are mixed together

Serological testing is a biological procedure that is largely based on the specific reaction between an antibody and an antigen. The immune system tends to produce specific antibodies to offset any detected antigens. This antibodies-antigens interaction, likened to a lock and key mechanism, is quite specific, thus forming the foundation for many serological tests.

Serological testing, in the field of biology, is designed around the fact that antibodies react specifically with an antigen. This means option b is correct. Serology is a branch of science that studies serum, especially its reactions and properties in relation to the immune response. For instance, when a pathogen (bacteria, viruses, etc.) is detected, the immune system reacts by producing specific antibodies to counter that specific antigen (substance that induces an immune response). The interaction between antibodies and antigens is highly specific, almost like a lock and key mechanism, which forms the basis for many serological tests.

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Plants respond to their environment in a variety of ways. The response of an organism, usually a plant, to an environmental stimulus is called a tropism. Some common plant stimuli include light, gravity, water, movement of the sun, and touch. The naming of the tropism is associated with the stimulus.

Plants respond to their environment in various ways including tropisms, daily and seasonal responses, responses to disease, and hormonal responses.

Plants respond to their environment in several ways:

The correct order is: Transcription, 5' cap addition, addition of poly-A tail, exon splicing, passage through nuclear membrane

mRNA must undergo posttranscriptional modification in order to produce a mature, functional RNA molecule that can then leave the nucleus and be translated.

• 5’cap addition or 5’ capping - It protects the mRNA from 5' degradation by exonucleases. Cap is also involved in ribosomal binding.

• Polyadenilation or addition of poly(A) tail – It also protects mRNA from degradation of 3’exonucleases.  A long poly(A) tail can also increase translation

• Exon splicing-This is a process in which introns are removed from the pre-mRNA and the exons connected to form a continuous molecule of mature mRNA.

Final answer:

The correct order of mRNA production steps in eukaryotes is: Transcription, 5' cap addition, poly-A tail addition, exon splicing, and then transport through the nuclear membrane.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question regarding the steps of mRNA production in eukaryotes is: Transcription, 5' cap addition, addition of poly-A tail, exon splicing, and passage through the nuclear membrane. Here's how the mRNA processing works step-by-step:

    Passage through the nuclear membrane: After processing, the mature mRNA is transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm for translation.

Is this open ended or long response? Personally I agree with Jordan because many creatures are highly adaptive. Humans only need about 3 days to get used to a different climate. Many organisms deal with changes in their environment like rainy and dry seasons or differing temperatures. On the other had you could agree with Leslie but only if the environmental changes were major enough to wipe out the populace. If rodents found around a river bank suddenly experienced a change like a flood many would die.

Answer:

i agree with jordan because animals need to surive

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is a process found only in plants, not in animals

It uses carbon dioxide and produces Oxygen.