is penecillin a bacterium
true
false

Convergent plate boundaries are where tectonic plates collide forming mountains, valleys, and volcanoes. Ridges, however are formed at divergent plate boundaries where plates pull apart.

In the field of plate tectonics, convergent plate boundaries are areas where two tectonic plates move towards each other. This movement can result in the creation of various geological features such as mountains, valleys, and volcanoes. However, the creation of ridges is typically associated with divergent plate boundaries, where two tectonic plates move apart. Therefore, the correct answer to your question is A) ridges, as convergent plate movement does not typically create ridges.

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Endoplasmic reticulum, centrioles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and cell membrane are found in an animal cell. Vacuoles, chloroplasts, and cell wall are not.

In an animal cell, several organelles play crucial roles in various cellular functions. Let's go through each option to identify which organelles are indeed present:

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Yes, animal cells contain endoplasmic reticulum. This organelle is responsible for protein and lipid synthesis.

Centrioles: Yes, animal cells contain centrioles. These organelles are involved in cell division, aiding in the formation of the mitotic spindle.

Cell Wall: No, animal cells do not have a cell wall. The cell wall is a rigid structure found in plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria, providing structural support and protection.

Vacuoles: Yes, animal cells contain vacuoles, although they are generally smaller and less prominent compared to plant cells.

Vacuoles in animal cells play roles in intracellular digestion and storage.

Lysosomes: Yes, animal cells contain lysosomes. Lysosomes are involved in intracellular digestion, breaking down macromolecules and cellular debris.

Mitochondria: Yes, animal cells contain mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.

Chloroplasts: No, animal cells do not contain chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and some protists, responsible for photosynthesis.

Cell Membrane: Yes, animal cells have a cell membrane. The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, surrounds the cell, regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell and providing structural support.

Question

Which organelles are found in an animal cell?

Check all that apply.

endoplasmic reticulum

centrioles

cell wall

vacuoles

lysosomes

mitochondria

chloroplasts

cell membrane

Discovery of structure of DNA by Franklin and Watson and Crick.

Explanation:

Rosalind Franklin was researching about DNA structure at the King’s College at London based on x-ray diffraction studies; while, Crick and Watson were researching on the same at the Cambridge University based on Linus Pauling discovery of proteins.

Once when Watson happen to listen to Franklin’s lecture upon DNA structure and how it depends on relative humidity of the air and other facts relating to DNA; he along with Crick made physical DNA models which became a big failure.

Later, Franklin found that a wet form of DNA with high humidity had a helix like structure. This point became the base of later discovery of Watson and Crick’s double helix model of DNA along with the discovery of DNA molecules being made up of double chain of nucleotides.

Rosalind Franklin was a chemist, who discovered X-ray diffraction and a key role in determining the structure of the DNA molecule.

The discoveries of Franklin and Watson and Crick on DNA are:

Thus, Watson and Crick used the information given by Franklin to discover the properties of DNA.

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Answer:

The burning of fossil fuels produces gases like sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide which trap the sun's heat radiations and increase the overall temperature of the Earth. So the answers are A & B.

Explanation:

Global warming is caused by burning fossil fuels. The carbon dioxide produced as a result captures the heat in the surrounding atmosphere and causes a rise in temperature. Recently, it has been observed that the glaciers are melting and each year the net temperature of the core of the Earth is increasing.

The other gas produced is sulphur dioxide which is responsible for the acid rain. The sulphur dioxide combines with water to form sulphuric acid which causes damage to buildings and people. E.g Taj Mahal, in India is getting corroded by acid rain.

The burning of fossil fuels increases levels of gases that retain the sun's heat and increases levels of particulate matter.

Fossil fuels are different types of fuels made from dead plants and animals that decomposed over geological time.

In conclusion, the burning of fossil fuels increases levels of gases that retain the sun's heat and increases levels of particulate matter.

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Answer:

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have striking similarities to bacteria cells. They have their own DNA, which is separate from the DNA found in the nucleus of the cell. And both organelles use their DNA to produce many proteins and enzymes required for their function.

Explanation:

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are unique because they have their own DNA and are thought to have originated from ancient symbiotic relationships.

Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles found in eukaryotic cells. They are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell due to their role in energy production. Mitochondria are responsible for generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the molecule that serves as the primary energy currency of the cell.

Mitochondria have their own DNA, separate from the cell's nuclear DNA, and can replicate independently through a process similar to bacterial binary fission. This suggests that mitochondria have an evolutionary origin as free-living bacteria that formed a symbiotic relationship with early eukaryotic cells.

The inner membrane of mitochondria contains various protein complexes involved in cellular respiration, a series of biochemical reactions that convert nutrients into ATP. These reactions occur in specialized structures called cristae, which increase the surface area available for energy production.

Mitochondria also play roles in calcium signaling, regulation of cell death processes, and other cellular functions beyond energy production. Their presence varies in different cell types, with higher concentrations in cells that require substantial energy, such as muscle cells.

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Answer:

2nd one

Explanation:

A cell plate forms in plant cells, while a furrow forms in animal cells.

A cell plate forms in plant cells, while furrow forms in animal cells, distinguishing the process of cytokinesis in plant and animal cells. The correct option is b.

Following mitosis is cytokinesis. The cell goes through mitosis after interphase (during which the DNA replicates and primes for division) (the splitting of the nucleus).

Following full membrane separation, a process known as cytokinesis creates two identical cells. After telophase, the cell undergoes cytokinesis, during which the cytoplasm splits to create two daughter cells. The cell then goes through the G0 phase, the quiescent period of cell division during which no cell division takes place.

Therefore, the correct option is B. A cell plate forms in plant cells, while furrow forms in animal cells.

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Answer:

C. Hydrogen Bonds

Explanation:

Answer:

C. Hydrogen bonds

Explanation:

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Answer:

d cap and trade

Explanation:

Answer:

Convection.

Explanation:

The heat process caused by the uneven distribution of thermal energy is Earth's interior is called convection. The heating of the lower atmosphere is primarily the result of distribution of heat through convection.  Convection is the process by which air rises or sink because of the difference of temperature. Convection generally occur when gases heated at uneven temperature.

Answer:

The heat process caused by the uneven distribution of thermal energy in Earth's interior is called Convention.

Explanation:

The convention means the process of conveying. Here The thermal energy is conveyed by air. The warmer air tend to move upward while colder air tend to move downward. The air around the globe moves from one place to another y this convention and pressure distribution. A simple example for convention is when you heat the water, the vapors tend move upward.

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Answer:

The ATP molecule shown consists of a base, Adenine,  and a chain of three phosphates.

Explanation:

ATP can be described as a molecule which is the main energy source for cells of an organisms body. ATP is made up of a nucleotide base which is adenine and three phosphates attached to it hence the name adenine triphosphate.

The energy is released from an ATP molecule by breaking or hydrolyzing it. This process releases adenine diphosphate, a phosphate molecule along with loads of energy. ATP is the main molecule which cells use to carry out their normal functions.

Answer: C and E

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Answer:

c and e

Explanation:

Answer:

In a dihybrid cross, the alleles of the gametes of each plant parent (PpRr x PpRr) are written along the left side and top to the Punnett square drawing. We can calculate the outcome of the genetic cross of (PpRr x PpRr). Since each parent has four different combinations of alleles in the gametes, there are sixteen possible. There will be nine (9) individuals with both dominant traits, three (3) individuals dominant for one trait, three (3) individuals dominant for the other trait and only one individual recessive for both traits.

In this case, we are looking at a subcategory of the plants dominant for both traits. Four of these nine will be heterozygous for both traits. The ratios can be represented as: 9:3:3:1.

For further information, please see the image attached.

Final answer:

To create a Punnett square for a dihybrid cross between the two parent plants, list the alleles from each parent's gametes along the left side and top of the square. The possible genotypes that can result from the cross are: PR, Pr, pR, and pr.

Explanation:

To create a Punnett square for a dihybrid cross between the two parent plants, the alleles from each parent's gametes are written along the left side and top of the square. In this case, both parents have the same gametes, so the Punnett square will be symmetrical. The possible genotypes that can result from the cross are: PR, Pr, pR, and pr. These genotypes represent the different combinations of alleles from the two parents.

Final answer:

A scientist can identify if a muscle is skeletal, cardiac, or smooth by observing the striations and nuclei arrangement under a light microscope. Striated and multinucleated fibers indicate skeletal muscle, striated with single nuclei are cardiac muscle, and non-striated indicates smooth muscle.

Explanation:

A scientist using a light microscope to observe muscle tissue can identify whether the muscle moved the skeleton, the heart, or other types of internal organs by analyzing its cellular structure and organization. This is because muscle tissue is classified into three distinct types based on structure and function: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.

Skeletal muscle tissue has a distinctive striated appearance due to the regular arrangement of actin and myosin contractile proteins in the cytoplasm of the muscle fibers, which appears as stripes, or striations, visible under high magnification. These muscle fibers are also multinucleated structures, which is another distinguishable feature. In contrast, smooth muscle does not display striations and is not multinucleated. Cardiac muscle tissue, like skeletal muscle, has striations but differs in that cardiac muscle fibers typically have a single nucleus and are connected in a pattern that allows the heart to contract as one unit.

Therefore, by identifying the presence of striations and the arrangement and number of nuclei, a scientist can determine if a muscle is skeletal, indicating it moves the skeleton, cardiac if it moves the heart, or smooth if it is involved in moving internal organs not under voluntary control.

Answer:

Both facilitated diffusion and active transport are selective processes. Only selective molecules are allowed to cross the membrane. They utilize carrier proteins to move across the membrane.

Explanation:

Diffusion is the process by which molecules move across a membrane respective of the concentration gradient. The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable membrane which allows specific molecules to move across the concentration gradient.  

Molecules migrate from a region of higher concentration to a lower concentration in case of diffusion. It can be classified into simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion. These are examples of passive transport.

In facilitated diffusion molecules move across the concentration gradient with the help of carrier proteins or channel proteins. The carrier proteins bind to the molecule which has to be transported and change conformation to allow it to cross the membrane. For example glucose molecule is carried across through GLUT transporter. Channel proteins open a channel inside the membrane and molecules get transported across the gradient.

Active transport carries molecules against the concentration gradient with the assist of energy. ATP hydrolysis is utilized to generate energy. As a result of active transport, the molecules are aggregated on one side of the membrane.

Cephalization is the evolutionary trend of concentrating nervous tissue, forming a centralized 'head'. In the human context, it refers to 'encephalization', or an evolutionary increase in the size of the brain relative to body size.

In simple terms, Cephalization is the evolutionary trend where the nervous tissue, over many generations, becomes concentrated towards one end of an organism. This process forms a head region with centralized control functions like the brain and sensory organs. With respect to humans, it refers to the evolutionary increase in the size of the brain relative to body size - a phenomenon known as encephalization.

Organisms display different degrees of cephalization, largely connected to their complexity and mode of life. For example, in humans and other primates, a significant part of this process was encephalization, or the increase in brain size over time relative to body size. This is measured using the encephalization quotient, which is the ratio between actual brain weight and expected brain weight for an animal of a given size. This ratio has increased over time, reflecting our increased cognitive complexity.

The development and shape of the brain can also be studied using endocranial casts - molds of the inside of the braincase that give us insight into brain volume. This provides a rough estimate of brain size, allowing us to trace the process of encephalization in human evolution.

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Answer:

The nucleus contains the cell ‘s DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins.

Found within the nucleoplasm, the nucleolus is a condensed region of chromatin where ribosome synthesis occurs.

Chromatin consists of DNA wrapped around histone proteins and is stored within the nucleoplasm.

Ribosomes are large complexes of protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA) responsible for protein synthesis when DNA from the nucleus is transcribed.

Explanation:

The cell nucleus produces new mRNAs that will be used as templates for protein synthesis in the ribosomes.

In conclusion, the cell nucleus produces new mRNAs that will be used as templates for protein synthesis in the ribosomes.

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Answer:

The correct option is a) the greatest reaction for this enzyme will be in tubes 4 and 5.

Explanation:

As the information in the question shows, the enzyme was isolated from a bacterium which is adapted to live in hot springs where the temperature range is 50 to 80 degrees Celsius. Hence, we can deduce that the enzymes in this bacteria work best at this temperature range or his temperature range can be considered to be optimum for the enzymes of this bacteria. Hence, the greatest reactions will be seen in the tubes 4 and 5 as the temperature will be perfect for the working of the enzyme.

Answer:

C green plants

Explanation:

plants use CO2 from the atmosphere in order to synthesize organic compunds like glucose in the dark reactions of the photosynthesis(Calvin cycle)

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Answer:

its parents.

Explanation:

its parents hold a dna code

Answer:

The energy in glucose is stored primarily in the carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. In fact, anything with carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds stores energy. Other common examples include gasoline, coal, and fat.

Explanation:

Answer:

The energy stored in glucose is starch and glycogen.

Explanation:

Okay so you get glucose from sugar then that is then stored in to as a starch or like glycogen.

Final answer:

The electron transport chain primarily produces ATP, which is generated through oxidative phosphorylation as electrons move through the chain and create an electrochemical gradient.

Explanation:

During the electron transport chain (ETC), the form of energy produced in the largest quantity is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This is due to the process of oxidative phosphorylation, where electrons are transferred through various redox reactions in the ETC, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The energy from these electrons is used to pump protons across the membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient.

The flow of protons back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase drives the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP. The ETC produces more ATP than any other part of cellular respiration, including glycolysis or the Krebs cycle.

The "brain" of the cell.

The main function of the cell nucleus is to control gene expression and mediate the replication of DNA during the cell cycle. The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Inside its fully enclosed nuclear membrane, it contains the majority of the cell's genetic material.

Answer:

The law of segregation is the Mendel’s laws or principles explain that traits are passed from parents to offspring individually instead of as pairs, groups or sets.This is a law or principle which states that during the formation of gametes, two copies of each heredity factors separate out so that the new offspring can get one factor of both the parents. This law was the first law in this direction. 

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:Plant the plant cell contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes.

Explanation:

Answer:

Lorenzo is not correct because xenon is a noble gas which is nonreactive or inert.

Explanation:

The reactivity of nonmetals  increases when moving from left to right in the periodic table. They have a high attraction for electrons and tend to gain electrons. The most reactive nonmetal element is fluorine. Noble gases are the least reactive because they have the most stable arrangement of electrons (eight valence electrons). So they rarely react with other elements. So the prediction that xenon will be more reactive than iodine is incorrect.

Answer:

Lorenzo is not correct. Nonmetals increase in reactivity from left to right because nonmetals on the right have more valence electrons. They need to gain fewer electrons to have a full outer shell. However, this trend only continues until group 17, because the noble gases already have a full outer shell. Therefore, their reactivity is the least of all the elements.

Explanation:

t was already answerd i just wanted to answer too

Final answer:

During photosynthesis, plants convert the radiant energy of sunlight into chemical energy, which is stored in the form of glucose. This chemical energy is transferred to animals when they consume plant materials.

Explanation:

The radiant energy in sunlight is crucial for plants to perform photosynthesis, a fundamentally important biological process. During photosynthesis, plants absorb solar energy and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process involves the transformation of light energy into chemical potential energy, which is stored in the chemical bonds of glucose and other carbohydrates. Animals then consume these plants or plant-derived products to obtain this chemical energy, which is released during digestion.

Therefore, to answer the student's question:

The radiant energy of the Sun is converted into chemical energy by the plants. Option a. Sunlight is converted into chemical energy by plants; this energy is released when we digest food, which is the correct completion of the statement.

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The correct option would be D. replace damaged cells.

Genetic diversity would apply to meiosis not mitosis.

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Answer: Replace damaged cells

Explanation:

Anaerobic respiration is a biological process that does not require oxygen. It occurs in organisms like yeast, muscle cells during exercise, and certain bacteria and archaea. Anaerobic respiration is also known as fermentation and is a quick source of energy.

In biology, the process that does not require oxygen is called anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration occurs in organisms, such as yeast, in the absence of oxygen.

An example of anaerobic respiration is fermentation, which takes place in the muscle cells of animals during intense exercise. Fermentation produces lactic acid and provides a quick source of energy.

Some bacteria and archaea also carry out anaerobic respiration in environments with low oxygen levels, using different chemical reactions to generate energy.

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The correct evidence statements for explaining the relationship among carbon, amino acids, and proteins are:

b. Proteins are polymers made up of amino acids.

d. Amino acids are monomers made up mostly of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.

Here's why these statements are correct:

b. This statement accurately describes the fundamental relationship: amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins are formed by linking numerous amino acids together in chains through peptide bonds.

d. This statement highlights the composition of amino acids, which are indeed organic molecules primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. This foundation in carbon establishes the connection between amino acids and the element itself.

Incorrect statements:

a. This statement reverses the relationship. Amino acids are the monomers, not the polymers.

c. While both proteins and amino acids contain carbon atoms, this statement alone doesn't explain the specific relationship between them. Many other molecules also contain carbon but aren't related to protein and amino acid composition.

Therefore, only statements b and d provide relevant and accurate evidence for explaining the connection between carbon, amino acids, and proteins.