Answer: hypothesizing scores will be equivalent if they play the same amount of time.
In order for Kayla to be sure why her male and female friends scores vary, she should hypothesize their scores for playing the same amount of time because that's the only differing factor that she has observed.
Harry is in college and is asked to imagine what the world would be like if humans had never invented the wheel. According to Piaget, if Harry is able to think abstractly about this problem, Harry is in the ______________ stage of cognitive development.
Harry must be in the formal operational stage if he has the ability to think and reason abstractly. Abstract thought is the task of the concrete operational stage. Mastery of this concept allows him to move to the final cognitive developmental stage, formal operational.
If Harry has the capacity to think and reason abstractly, he must have been in the formal operational stage, according to Piaget.
What is the formal operational stage?The ability to generate hypotheses and methodically test them to emerge an answer to a problem characterizes the formal operational stage. In the formal stage, individuals can also think abstractly and comprehend the form or framework of a mathematical problem.
The formal operational phase begins around the age of twelve and lasts into adulthood. As teenagers go through this stage, they develop the ability to think abstractly by manipulating concepts in their heads without relying on concrete manipulation.
Therefore, according to Piaget, Harry should be in the formal operational stage if he can think and reason abstractly.
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According to operant conditioning, effects that increase behaviors are ___________; effects that decrease behaviors are ____________.
1) rewards; consequences2) positive; negative3) reinforcers; punishers4) right; wrong
Answer:
The answer is 3. Reinforcers increase behaviour and punishers decrease behaviour respectively.
Explanation:
Operant conditioning is a form of learning process where the strength of a behaviour is modified by reinforcement or punishment. In this type of associative learning, actions that are followed by reinforcement would be more likely to occur again in future unlike those followed by punishment.
Option 3 is the right answer because effects that enhance behaviours are reinforcers, whereas effects that decrease behaviours are punishers, according to operant conditioning.
In the operant conditioning method;• Instead, positive denotes the addition of something, whereas negative denotes the removal of something.
• When you reinforce a behavior, you are enhancing it, and when you penalize a behavior, you are lowering it.
• Punishment can be either negative or positive, and reinforcement can be either positive or negative.
• Negative and positive reinforcers both raise the chance of a behavioral response.
• Punishers of any kind (negative or positive) reduce the chances of a behavioral reaction.
As a result, option 3 is the correct answer, whereas the other possibilities are erroneous.
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In his book Crime and Everyday Life, Marcus Felson (2002) expands on "routine activity theory" as an explanation for why crime occurs. According to this theory, crimes happen when three elements come together: (a) a motivated offender, (b) an attractive victim, and (c) absence of capable guardians. Select one property crime and one violent crime. Apply routine activity theory to explain examples of each. Are you using theory in an inductive or deductive way?
Answer:
Property crime refers to the fact that an individual or group of individuals use force in order to obtain some benefit that would be monetary in the majority of cases
Explanation:
Property crime refers to the fact that an individual or group of individuals use force in order to obtain some benefit that would be monetary in the majority of cases, one example of this kind of crimes would be the robbery of a cellphone, in which the victim, a young female, is walking alone in the downtown streets at 5:30 am, really early in the morning in order to go to the workplace. The burglar is a drug addict, whose drugs are over at that time, and he takes advantage of the situation, an indefense woman and the police is not close to the scene. Therefore in this case, it is possible to see how the three necessary factors according to the routine activity theory meet: (a) a motivated offender, (b) an attractive victim, and (c) absence of capable guardians.
The second case, the violent crime, refers to the instance in which the offender wants to hurt his victim in a certain way. One example of this kind of crime could be when a kidnapped occurs, the criminal studies his victim in advance because he wants to politically pressure his adversary by kidnapping his daughter; all of this in order to force him organizing everything for his political party to lose the next elections. Once the elections have been completed and the criminal achieves his goal, he also asks his adversary to withdraw completely from politics and then releases his daughter. In this case, the criminal uses suffering as pressure to achieve his mission and it is possible to analyze as well as the 3 stages mentioned by "routine activity theory" (a) a motivated offender, (b) an attractive victim, and (c) absence of capable guardians; are carried out.
Answer:
As given in the statement of the problem,according to Marcus Felson(2002),this theory states that crimes happen when the three elements combine,so basically it is deducting an analysis so this is an deductive way to solve the problem.
Car companies build wind tunnels to test the aerodynamics and the handling capabilities of their car designs. The many variables that can be precisely controlled inside the wind tunnel are considered ________ factors.
Answer: they are considered ENDOGENOUS factors.
Explanation: An endogenous factor is an influence that is originated from within a system.
The wind tunnels used to test the aerodynamics has different types of influence controlling it. Some might be exogenous (originating from outside) or endogenous (originating from inside).
________________ refers to groups of disorders that are thought to share certain psychological and biological qualities.
A.Dimension
B.Classification
C.Spectrum
D.Syndrome
Answer: C) Spectrum
Explanation:
Spectrum is a type of disorder which is related with the mental condition that impacts ideas and behavioral pattern of the person. In this mind mechanism, similar physical appearance and mental thoughts or views occurs and get shared.Thus traits are influenced through this mental disorder.
Other options are incorrect because dimension refers with personality disruption. Classification disorder and syndrome are the disorder that is based on personality, mood, anxiety etc.Thus, the correct option is option(C).
For the psychopath, becoming adept as a serial killer requires perfecting this.
a. rationalization and unconscious pretense
b. rationalization and conscious pretense
c. conscious pretense
d. rationalization
Answer:
A). rationalization and unconscious pretense
Explanation:
A serial killer has a controversial feelings, and a person adept with these ideas can't understand their acts as ordinary people does. Their behavior are justified and explained in a seemingly rational or logical manner to avoid the true explanation and then consciously considered tolerable - or even admirable and superior - by plausible means. And the unconscious pretense happens because of the lack of comprehension about socialization, and the inability to perform a true feeling.
Final answer:
For a psychopath to excel as a serial killer, rationalization and conscious pretense are essential skills.
Explanation:
For a psychopath to become adept as a serial killer, mastering certain psychological mechanisms is key. Among these, rationalization and conscious pretense play crucial roles. Rationalization involves the cognitive distortion of facts to make an action seem less threatening, while conscious pretense refers to the deliberate faking or pretending of emotions or relationships that the individual does not genuinely feel or value. This combination allows psychopathic individuals to justify their harmful actions and manipulate their social environments effectively.
Historically, psychopathy has been characterized by an outward appearance of normality concealing deep emotional and interpersonal deficits, as described by Hervey Cleckley in “The Mask of Sanity.” Psychopaths' ability to rationalize their behavior and engage in conscious pretense enables them to blend into society while committing acts that satisfy their own deviant impulses.
Theory and research, such as that by Edwin H. Sutherland on differential association and by Sykes and Matza on techniques of neutralization, suggest that learning and cognitive strategies are vital in how individuals justify deviant or criminal behavior. This underscores the importance of both rationalization and conscious pretense in the functioning of psychopathic serial killers.
Is there a conscious (or subconscious) process you explore when evaluating your options and how they may impact your desired outcome? Ex. You write down pro’s & con’s for a potential decision.
This is a personal question. Therefore, only you would be able to accurately analyze how it is that you evaluate options when making a decision. However, there are some common strategies that people follow when such a problem arises.
One example of such a strategy would be making a pros and cons list. This allows the person to better understand the problems and benefits of each approach. Another strategy would be working your way backwards. This involves thinking of the desired outcome first, and then retracing the steps that might lead you in that direction. A third example involves talking to people who have faced similar challenges and asking them for advice.
A researcher wishes to determine the difference in two population means. To do this, she randomly samples 9 items from each population and computes a 90% confidence interval. The sample from the first population produces a mean of 780 with a standard deviation of 240. The sample from the second population produces a mean of 890 with a standard deviation of 280. Assume that the values are normally distributed in each population. The point estimate for the difference in the means of these two populations is _______.
Answer:
-110
Explanation:
The point estimate has been indicated which represents the difference between the mean of the first population and that of the second population.
Hence, point estimate = mean of the first population - mean of the second population
= 780 - 890
= -110
The method of dividing the project scope into many parts that, when combined, would constitute the project deliverable is called _____:
Answer:
decomposition
Explanation:
This is a technique used to divide and subdivide the scope of the project and the future to deliver, in smaller and more manageable parts. It is defined what work is going to be done and which is not. It is a hierarchical decomposition oriented to the deliverable product of work and achieve the objectives of the project.
A core belief that members of the counseling profession hold concerning helping others with their mental health concerns is:_______
Answer and Explanation:
A core belief that members of the counseling profession hold concerning helping others with their mental health concerns is that it is responsibility of counselors to support people who experience mental health and emotional challenges, help them spot their issues, and prevent further deterioration by using the most appropriate ways that can effectively deal with personal mental and emotional problems.
Allison lived in a foreign country for a year, and she didn't drive a car during that time. When she came back to the United States, she found it effortless to drive her car. Her ability to remember how to drive is an example of _____ memory.
Answer: Her ability to remember how to drive is an example of PROCEDURAL MEMORY.
Explanation: Procedural memory is a type of long term memory which allows an individual to remember how to to go through a process without conscious effort of any prior experience. It is an unconscious memory. examples are tying your shoe; boiling an egg etc.
Allison's ability to easily drive after a year of not doing so is an example of procedural memory, a subtype of long-term memory that enables us to perform learned tasks without conscious thought. This form of memory is responsible for many of our daily activities and can also be seen in situations like relearning a previously known language. The functioning of this type of memory is attributed to key brain structures like the hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.
Explanation:Allison's ability to remember how to drive after a year of not doing so is an example of procedural memory. Procedural memory, a subtype of long-term memory, is responsible for encoding information on how to perform certain procedures or tasks, such as driving a car, brushing your teeth, or riding a bicycle. One doesn't have to consciously think about these tasks once they've been learned; the knowledge on how to perform them becomes implicit or automatic.
Procedural memory plays a prominent part in our daily lives, allowing us to perform a plethora of tasks without the need to constantly relearn them. Comparable to Allison’s driving ability could be someone’s ability to relearn a previously known language faster due to the relearning concept. Whitney, for example, was able to quickly relearn Spanish, a language she once knew, when presented with the opportunity.
Essentially, even when an action is not performed for a while, our implicit procedural memory allows us to recall and execute these learned tasks effortlessly. This is possible due to the intricate functionality of our brain structures including the hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.
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Which response best describes a similarity between the video presentation and the text version of Kennedy's speech?
A. both recommended that America should intervene military in countries struggling for Independence.
B. Both convey that Americans have a history of avoiding conflict that must be preserved to maintain peace.
C. both emphasize that America has a responsibility to defend the human rights around the world.
D. both stressed the Americans must leave the task of effecting change in the hands of the government
The correct answer is letter C.
Explanation: In his speech he always talked about good things and helped the nation in difficult moments. Kennedy's most vehement speeches seemed to be delivered at the most critical times for the nation.
"The correct option is C. both emphasize that America has a responsibility to defend the human rights around the world response best describes a similarity between the video presentation and the text version of Kennedy's speech.
In both the video presentation and the text version of Kennedy's speech, there is a clear emphasis on America's responsibility to defend human rights globally. This theme is a central tenet of Kennedy's rhetoric and is reflected in his call to action for Americans to support the fight for freedom and democracy around the world.
Option A is incorrect because, while Kennedy did speak about America's role in supporting countries struggling for independence, his speech did not explicitly recommend military intervention as the means to do so.
Option B is not accurate as Kennedy's speech does not convey a message of avoiding conflict. Instead, it suggests that America should be actively involved in global affairs to ensure peace and freedom.
Option D is also incorrect because Kennedy's speech does not suggest that Americans must leave the task of effecting change solely in the hands of the government. Rather, he calls for a collective effort, including the contributions of individual citizens, to uphold democratic values and human rights."
All of the following are fundamentalassumptions that I-O psychologistsmake when they apply the individualdifferences model except:
a. The attribute levels of variouspeople in a group can be brought tothe same level through training.
b. Different jobs require differentattributes
c. Adults have a variety of attributes,the levels of which remain relativelystable over time.
d. The attributes can be measuredaccurately.
Answer: The attribute levels of various people in a group can be brought to the same level through training.
Explanation: I-O psychologists known as Industrial organisational psychologists are psychologists that incorporate psychological theories and principles to organizations. They focus on the health of the mind and body of employees in an organisation.
Generally psychologist believe that every individual is unique in their own way and therefore they never assume that all individuals working in an organisation can attain the same level of attributes.
Which of the following children is in Piaget's formal operational stage? Group of answer choices
Isaac, who can create a relationship between pieces of information that are not from the same category
Jonas, who can think through a process and then mentally reverse it
Beth, who can think in a logical, orderly fashion when dealing with concrete information
Abi, who can think abstractly about things she cannot perceive concretely
Answer:
Abi, who can think abstractly about things she cannot perceive concretely
Explanation:
One of the most influential and famous psychologists named Jean Piaget has given his theory on cognitive development in which he has mentioned four distinct stages including sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal-operational.
Formal-operational stage: According to Piaget's theory, the formal-operational stage is last i.e the fourth stage. This stage generally starts at the age of twelve years of a child and lasts through adulthood.
In this stage, the adolescents gain the capability of thinking abstractly by manipulating various ideas in their mind in the absence of any dependence on concrete manipulation. In short, the adolescents can think rationally without the mere presence of any object.
Describe a situation that might place a medical assistant in the position of being negligent or to be charged with medical malpractice.
Answer: Medical negligence is a careless or reckless action that falls below the legal standard for preventing unreasonable injury. As such medical negligence occurs when a medical personnel through careless acts cause damage or injury to a patient.
An example of a medical negligence can be a misdiagnosis Which is the incorrect identification of the nature and cause of an illness. In this situation, administration of the wrong drugs can cause serious harm to a patient. This is classified as medical negligence as it is caused by a careless act by a medical personnel.
In operant conditioning, _____ is associated with a voluntary response.
a. reflexive response; consequence of that response
b. nonreflexive response; consequence of that response
c. environmental event; reflexive response
d. environmental event; consequence of that event
The correct answer is letter B
Operant conditioning is a learning method that uses reinforcement or punishment to increase or decrease the likelihood that behavior will recur in the future.
Operant conditioning, also called instrumental conditioning, is a learning method that makes use of the association of reinforcements (rewards) and punishments with a particular behavior or pattern of behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence of that behavior.
Final answer:
In operant conditioning, a nonreflexive (voluntary) response is associated with the consequences of that response, distinguishing it from classical conditioning which associates involuntary responses with a preceding stimulus.
Explanation:
In operant conditioning, a voluntary response is associated with the consequence of that response. This means that behaviors are not triggered by prior stimuli in the way they are in classical conditioning, but are instead initiated by the organism, leading to consequences that may either reinforce or discourage the repetition of that behavior. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is b. nonreflexive response; consequence of that response.
Operant conditioning operates on the environment and is maintained by its consequences, which can consist of rewards (reinforcement) or punishments. The choice of behavior is influenced by the expected outcome, thus reinforcing the idea that operant conditioning shapes voluntary behaviors through their consequences, not prior stimuli.
As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because
A. Collective norms are weakened.
B. Society no longer has the support of the collective consciousness
C. Specialization of labor lead to alienation.
D. All of the above
Answer: All of the above.
Anomie thought as "normlessness" is a theory developed by Émile Durkheim is the withdrawal from usual social or ethical standards, norms and values that was previously accepted by the society.
Industrialization was the pioneer of both positive and negative effects in the society. One of the negative effect was anomie. Labour specialization lead to withdrawal which is a character of anomie. And all other options in the question.
Final answer:
Durkheim believed that during industrialization, people were more susceptible to anomie due to weakened collective norms, lack of support from the collective consciousness, and alienation resulting from labor specialization. The correct answer is D. All of the above.
Explanation:
As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because:
Collective norms are weakened.Society no longer has the support of the collective consciousness.Specialization of labor leads to alienation.
The correct answer to the student's question is D. All of the above. During the transition from traditional mechanical solidarity to a modern organic solidarity, Durkheim observed a state of normlessness and a weakening of the social fabric that had traditionally bonded people together. This state, known as anomie, emerges in times of great social upheaval, such as during industrialization, when society's previously prevalent norms and values become unclear, and social bonds weaken, leading to feelings of alienation and isolation among individuals.
Which of the following is NOT a fundamental assumption of conversation analysis?
Group of answer choices:
O Conversation is a socially structured activity
O Conversation include established rules of human behavior
O Pauses in conversation are as important as the words in a conversation
O The same utterance should have the same meaning in a different context
O All of the above statements are fundamental assumptions of conversation analysis
The correct answer is D) The same utterance should have the same meaning in a different context.
The option that is NOT a fundamental assumption of conversation analysis is "The same utterance should have the same meaning in a different context."
We are talking about the study of the type of conversations people have when they are interacting on a daily basis. It could be in the family environment, in school, in the workplace, or in any activity. That is a conversation analysis. It is part of sociolinguistics, and Harvey Sacks is one of the first sociologists to refer to this topic.
What important theological issue did the Nicene Creed address?
Answer:
It addressed the nature of Christ's divinity.
Explanation:
The Nicene Creed (also known as Nicaeno-Constantinopolitan Creed) is a well-known statement of belief used in Christian church. It focus on the nature of Christ (divinity and humanity), how Jesus Christ is fully and completely human and divine, and how these natures are also distinct.
Carol Gilligan has criticized Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development because:
A. it is based on a male norm that puts abstract principles above relationships.
B. it does not recognize higher-level moral reasoning in certain cultural groups.
C. Kohlberg underestimated the contribution of family relationships to moral development.
D. it places too much emphasis on moral thought and not enough emphasis on moral behavior.
The correct answer is letter A
Explanation: Gilligan is widely known for her book "In a Different Voice," Psychological Theory and Women's Development, published in 1982, which differs from Lawrence Kohlberg's interpretation of experimental psychology results on the course and moral differential development of girls and boys.
The ________ hypothesis refers to an escape hatch or a loophole that defenders of a theory or belief can use to insulate their belief from falsification.
a. ad hoc immunizing
b. confirmatory
c. representativeness
d. availability heuristic
Answer:
a)
Explanation:
Ad hoc immunizing, which is a hypothesis added to a theory in order to save it from being falsified. Some times is employed to compensate for anomalies not anticipated by the theory in its unmodified form
Mrs. Jones is a 67 year old female who was placed on the diuretic Lasix about 8 months ago. She now complains of weakness and she feels like her heart is "skipping". Her diet history reveals that she has had decreased intake and eats mostly ready-to-eat foods such as pre-made sandwiches or frozen dinners and does not eat any fresh fruits or vegetables. What mineral deficiency do you suspect? (5) What factors in her history led you to that conclusion? (5) What dietary recommendations would you make?
Answer:
hypokalemia
Explanation:
Furosemide (Lasix diuretics) is a potent diuretic that if administered in excessive amounts, can produce deep diuresis with loss of water and electrolytes. Excessive diuresis can cause hypokalemia, which causes the muscles to weaken, experience cramping or shaking and also lead to arrhythmias.
The factors that led to this conclusion were, among others, the supply of this medicine, the patient's symptoms and the poor diet she was carrying. The recommendation is to have a diet rich in potassium (foods such as bananas, raisins, plums, pears, etc.) and if required, the provision of oral potassium supplements.
Edward Leamer of the University of California , Los Angeles, argues that "housing is the business cycle." Why would spending on housing be likely to fluctuate more than spending by households on consumer durables , such as automobiles or furniture, or spending by firms on plant and equipment?
Answer:
Explanation: Each housing market transaction is subject to a fixed cost, which gives rise to S-s policy rules for housing transactions: existing homeowners change the size of their houses only if there is a sufficiently large change in the state of the economy (i.e., in interest rates, in their taste for housing etc.
a significant negative relationship between interest rates and housing prices, which can rationalize a large part of the recent boom in housing prices in the US and around the world.
Answer:
According to the author there is only evidence in theory that the rates of interests paid in the residential investment have a deep effect on the economy in general
Explanation:
According to the author there is only evidence in theory that the rates of interests paid in the residential investment have a deep effect on the economy in general. Nevertheless, he explains how this theory is similar to the explanation about the effects of alcohol and how this explanation does not affect the way in which consumers buy it every time more and more. He says, in the housing business the same occurs. The author also mentions how in the majority of the text books the economic recessions are attributed to the residential investment effect, however in the real life practice it continuous to be a business that is always on track after it starts. Talking about consumer durables, the author explains how those decline a quarter of the housing volume and he attributes everything to a common denominator: interests and employment.
Once counselors have disclosed their legal questions to their immediate supervisors and have received a response either from the supervisor or from an attorney who is advising them as to proper course of action. What is essential?
Answer: It is essential they follow legal advice given to them even if they do not agree.
A counsel is a process who gives legal advice to people. Counselors have bosses and supervisors. In any case they are unable to offer advice and they seek help from their bosses, they are obligated to follow the advice even if they disagree as this the expected behaviour.
According to the text, which of the following is not a childhood risk factor for persistent delinquency?
a.parental psychopathology
b.small family size
c.low intelligence
d.neighborhood disadvantage
Answer:
b
Explanation:
The fact that dirt and contamination were threats to our ancestors suggests:_______
Answer:
It may help with awareness or obsessive - compulsive disorder
Explanation:
IRB continuing review of a greater than minimal risk approved protocol that is currently enrolling subjects must:
Answer:
: receive the majority support among the members who are attending the meeting. The review of research can be conducted at various measured intervals, however, it must not be less than once each year.
Explanation:
Thus The Institutional review board organizes these kinds of reviews of the researches. And for each research. the number of reviews must not be less than once each year. And if the risk is more, the number of reviews can be increased as well for ensuring 100% legitimate research outcome.
In studies that pose a greater than minimal risk, the Institutional Review Board (IRB) reviews the protocols, ensuring the risks to participants are minimized, there is informed consent from participants, and all risks and benefits are clearly outlined to the study participants.
Explanation:The Institutional Review Board (IRB) conducts regular reviews of approved experimental protocols that pose a greater than minimal risk to human subjects who are currently being enrolled in a study. The IRB's prime objective is to ensure the safety and dignity of human subjects in research studies. Any research institution that receives federal support must have access to an IRB.
The IRB examines these protocols with certain key principles in mind. Those are:
The risks to participants must be minimized and must be reasonable with respect to the anticipated benefits. Informed consent from participants is necessary. This means the risks must be clearly explained to the research subjects, who must give consent in writing. Researchers are obligated to maintain documentation of this consent. All risks and benefits must be clearly outlined to the study participants so they can give appropriate consent.
These safeguards and guidelines were conceived in response to historical instances of exploitation and abuse in human research, and they are crucial in maintaining ethical standards in contemporary research involving human subjects.
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In second grade, Reina was earning A's on her math tests, which included multiplication and division. According to Jean Piaget, what stage of cognitive development is Reina in?a. The preoperational stage b. The concrete operational stage c. The formal operational stage d. The generalized other stage
Answer: The stage of cognitive development that Reina is in is the The concrete operational stage.
Explanation: According to Jean Piaget's theory of development, there are four stages of development. They are; sensorimotor; preoperational; concrete; and formal operational stages.
The concrete operational stage occurs in children between the age of 7 to 11 and in this stage, the child has learned to think in a logical manner if they are familiar with the concepts. Reina earning A's on her math tests is because she's already familiar with the concepts of multiplication and division.
Which of the following is accurate regarding the diagnosis of social phobia in an adolescent?
A.The adolescent will not recognize that the fear is excessive or unreasonable.
B.The distinction between normal and abnormal social anxiety may be particularly difficult.
C.The disorder is likely overdiagnosed in adolescents diagnosed in this age group.
D.Young people with social anxiety are typically on anxious in one or two social situations (e.g., meetingnew people or performing in front a group).
Answer:
A. The adolescent will not recognize that the fear is excessive or unreasonable.
Explanation:
The social anxiety disorder consists of the persistent fear of feeling shame, being humiliated or ridiculed in social situations. Children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder often avoid social events and other situations that may expose them to humiliation or shame.
When is it ok to leave a child unattended in a car? A. Only if they are younger than six-years-old B. Only if they are older than six-years-old C. As long as the windows are rolled down D. As long as the keys are not in the car
Answer:
B. Only if they are older than six-years-old
Explanation:
This question would need to be more specific, in regards of which State are we talking about.
I'll try to answer this question in the more general way considering all the United States state's laws considering this matter in a general way.
In the United States every state has different laws regarding leaving children unattended in the car. Some states state that the children must be older than 6 year old and some of them say that they must be older than 9 year old. Some states don't even have laws regarding this matter.
However, NONE of the states say that it is legal or okay to leave children younger than 6-years-old, they also don't say it's okay as long as the windows are rolled down or the keys are not in the car.
Therefore, the correct answer would be b. since it's the only one that is mentioned in some state's laws such as Florida, Illinois or Louisiana.