Molecular phylogenies show all land plants are a monophyletic group. This suggests ________.

A) there were many different transitions from aquatic to terrestrial habitats
B) wind-pollinated plants arose first
C) land plants have undergone a diversification since they first colonized terrestrial habitats
D) there was a single transition from aquatic to terrestrial habitats

Answer:

They usually have one or more helical regions spanning the membrane bilayer

Explanation:

Transmembrane proteins are type of integral proteins meaning that they are permanently attached to biological membrane. Transmembrane proteins span through the plasma membrane so most of their structure is hydrophobic.

The major role of these proteins is transport role: they act as a channels that undergo conformational change in order to  move a substance through the membrane.

Classified by their structure they can be put into two types: alpha helical and beta barrels.

Answer: The answer is D: a digestive system with a single opening.

Cnidarians and flatworms have a digestive system with a single opening.

Explanation: Cnidarians are species of aquatic animals. They are mostly marine organisms that live in both marine and freshwater where they get food. Their respiration and digestion takes place through one orifice and a body cavity.

Flatworms are simple soft-bodied invertebrate animals. Their bodies are not divided into segments.  Flatworms depend on a large surface in order to allow oxygen and nutrition to diffuse into their bodies. They have a digestive system with a single opening. Their habitation are  in marine, freshwater, and damp terrestrial environments.

Flatworms and cnidarians both have a digestive system with a single opening, hence option D is correct.

Aquatic animal species include cnidarians. They are mostly marine species that feed on both freshwater and saltwater. Through one orifice and a bodily cavity, they breathe and digest food.

Simple soft-bodied invertebrates with flat bodies are flatworms. There are no separate parts to their bodies.  For oxygen and food to permeate into the bodies of flatworms, a sizable surface is necessary.

They have a single entrance in their digestive system. They live in areas with saltwater, freshwater, and moist land.

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i believe its b, dry and sandy

The answer is D.) because it has to be, because if the criniod swept onto shore it has to shallow

Answer:

1-Carbon dioxide reacts with five carbon compound.

2-Formation of an unstable 6-carbon compound.

3-Formation of a stable 3-carbon compound.

4-Use of ATP to from a high energy 3-carbon compound.

5-Formation of glucose, which leaves the chloroplast.

6-Use of enzyme and ATP to from 5-carbon compound.  

Explanation:

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Answer:

Coracobrachialis  is the first muscle that gets innervation. it is involved in the flexing of shoulder and its adducts at the glenohumeral point. It does not cross elbow joint that's why it has no function there.

Brachialis is the essential versatile flexor of elbow joint. It originates at the upper arm almost mid of humerus, from the distal portion and inserts on ulna. that is why it can not have any kind of influence on shoulder.

The brachialis does not act on the shoulder because it is located deep to the biceps brachii and only provides power in flexing the forearm. Meanwhile, the Coracobrachialis is responsible for the flexion and adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint and doesn't extend to the elbow joint.

The reason why the brachialis does not act at the shoulder and the coracobrachialis does not act at the elbow joint is because of their location and function in the musculoskeletal system. The brachialis provides additional power in flexing the forearm and is located deep to the biceps brachii, meaning it doesn't cross the shoulder and therefore doesn't have a functional impact on that joint. Similarly, the coracobrachialis is responsible for the flexion and adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint, but it doesn't extend to or have a direct effect on the elbow joint.

It's important to note that muscles can only contract, so they occur in pairs. For instance, in the arm, the biceps brachii is a flexor and helps close the limb, while the triceps is an extensor that opens the limb.

In this configuration, which is typical of skeletal muscles, bones, and joints, each muscle has a specific role and area of operation based on its attachment to the skeleton and the functionalities it provides.

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Thinner outer layer

Answer:

thicker inner layer

Explanation:

The dermis is the thickest layer of the skin that is found below the epidermis and above the hypodermis and it gives strength to the skin. Also, it provides protection against trauma. According to this, the answer is that the dermis is the thicker inner layer of the skin.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Ion channels are proteins located in the membrane that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Ion channels can be classified (by what opens and closes the channels) into few groups:

• Voltage-gated channels-open and close in response to membrane potential

Examples: Voltage-gated proton channels, Voltage-gated sodium channels, Voltage-gated potassium channels

• Ligand-gated (neurotransmitter) or ionotropic receptors (ligand binds to extracellular domain of the receptor

Examples: "nicotinic" Acetylcholine receptor, ionotropic glutamate-gated receptors

• Lipid-gated- lipid molecules bind to the  transmembrane domain of the channel

Example: Inward-rectifier potassium channels

• Light-gated channels-like rhodopsin channel that is directly opened by photons

• Mechanosensitive (e.g. stretch, pressure) ion channels.

But carnivorous plants often live in "awful", nutrient-poor places. In other words, very nutrient scarce environments where they're very boggy, so most of the nutrients have probably been leached away by water. As a result, the soil is so poor that many of those trace elements that keep plants growing normally, just aren't available in appreciable amounts. So the plants need to look to the air to obtain that nutrition and they do it by catching insects because if they catch an insect, insects have got lots of iron, they've got lots of proteins, they've got lots of other micronutrients in them that the plants have adapted and evolved to make use of, and to supplement the poor source of things that are coming in through the soil.

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The catalytic converter

Catalytic converters, preheated to maximize their efficiency, are the devices used to clean exhaust gases in cars by converting carbon compounds to carbon dioxide and reducing nitrogen oxides.

The device used to clean exhaust gases before they exit the car's tailpipe is called a catalytic converter. Catalytic converters are used in automobiles to reduce the amount of toxic emissions produced by burning gasoline in internal combustion engines.

They work by utilizing a carefully selected blend of catalytically active metals to effect complete combustion of all carbon-containing compounds to carbon dioxide while also reducing the output of nitrogen oxides. This is achieved through two processes, one that involves adding more oxygen to the molecule and the other that removes it.

To maximize efficiency, most catalytic converters are preheated by an electric heater even before the automobile exhaust is hot enough, ensuring that the metals in the catalyst are fully active and able to perform the necessary reactions.

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***see attached pic***

The correct answer is - D- for the feature they blow from.

The breezes have all sorts of names, most of which tend to be derived from the feature they flow from. Lot of winds are named after the side of the world that they come from, so there's easterlies, westerlies, northern winds, southern winds. Some are maned after a river, as they flow along side it, like Vardarec. Some may be named after a mountain, or just have a name similar to a mountain, like mountain wind, forest wind, gorski vetrec.

Some winds, on the other hand, have names that describe their force, especially that goes for the strong ones, like bura along the Croatian coast on the Adriatic Sea.

B) Leech. Parasitism is when one organism benefits off another while that organism is harmed. Another example of parasitism is a flea on a dog or cat.

Answer:

B) leech

Explanation:

The feeding adaptations of leech best represents parasitic way of life. Leeches are invertebrate animals and the phylum to which they belong is Annelida and their subclass is Hirudinea. Leeches have an anticoagulant named as heparin which they inject in the body of the host on which they feed upon. Heparin does not let the blood of the host coagulate and in this way they keep sucking the blood of host organism. Leeches are parasitic because they get benefited out of the host without benefiting the host by any means.

The correct answer is: C) shortening of microtubules

Chromosome movement is possible thanks to changes in microtubule length. Several types of microtubules are involved. First, during the anaphase kinetochore microtubules shorten and consequently the chromosomes move toward the spindle poles. Then the astral microtubules that are anchored to the cell membrane pull the poles further apart. At the end of anaphase, the interpolar microtubules slide past each other and that additionaly separate the chromosomes.

In mitosis and cell division, the movement of chromosomes during anaphase would mainly be affected by a drug that prevents the shortening of microtubules as they are responsible for the movement of chromosomes to the cell poles.

The movement of chromosomes during anaphase during mitosis and cell division would be most affected by a drug that prevents the shortening of microtubules (option C).

During anaphase, sister chromatids separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. This process is facilitated by the shortening of microtubules which are attached to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids, pulling them apart.

If a drug prevented this shortening, the chromosomes would have difficulty separating and moving to the cell poles during anaphase.

The movement of chromosomes during anaphase in mitosis is primarily facilitated by the shortening of microtubules. During anaphase, the microtubules attached to the kinetochores of the chromosomes pull them towards opposite poles of the cell. If a drug prevents the shortening of microtubules, it would impair the movement of chromosomes and lead to abnormal cell division.

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Final answer:

Frost wedging, also known as freeze-thaw weathering, is the type of physical weathering caused when water freezes in the cracks of rocks, expanding and breaking the rock apart.

Explanation:

The type of physical weathering caused by the expansion of water is called frost wedging or freeze-thaw weathering. This occurs when water permeates cracks in rock or soil and then freezes, expanding and exerting a force that can fragment the rock. In the broader context of thermal stress, many materials, including water, expand when heated and contract when cooled. Water is unique in that it expands upon freezing, which is essential to the process of freeze-thaw weathering.

Examples of thermal stress impacts include roadways buckling due to a lack of sufficient expansion joints, and biological cells rupturing when foods are frozen. Conversely, large forces can result if materials that tend to expand on heating are restrained, potentially causing them to deform or break their container.

Answer:

The population of big fish would increase.

Explanation:

As small fish increase, more food for bigger fish will increase, so bigger fish will naturally navigate to the lake.

I think this statement is true.

But recent discoveries, have brought to light new human remains (some of the oldest) in Morocco, on the "other side of Sahara".

It shows lack of precision due to a physical obstacle like shaky arms.

Answer:

Lack of​ precision

Explanation:

Precision is a term used to describe a situation that is close to a correct measurement, but does not correctly measure that measurement. In addition, for a situation to be precise, it is necessary that this situation be repeated and that every repetition shows the same result.

If a situation is repeated and shows different results, it means that this situation is lacking in precision. An example of this can be seen in the question above where a sniper shoots towards a target, does not hit the target and his shots hit places with different distances. You can see a representation of this in the figure below.

What your cells have to help overcome a problem of high activation energy are called enzymes. Enzymes are proteins that lower the activation energy of a reaction. In doing this, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction, helping it to occur faster. However, enzymes are not consumed in a reaction; they simply help it to occur.

Enzymes make things easier for your cells to work properly and help chemical reactions occur. There are hundreds of different kinds of enzymes in your cells, which all participate in different types of reactions. Enzymes can break molecules apart, build or add molecules, and even rearrange them.

In lowering the activation energy of a reaction, enzymes decrease the barrier to starting a reaction. It's important to note, however, that the change in energy remains the same between the start and end of a chemical reaction.

Enzymes are catalysts, they decrease activation energy to speed up reactions

The answer is sexual. hope it helps

Tissues make up organs

Answer: organs

Explanation: If we take into consideration the structure of the human body we can say that the cells are the smallest biological units. A combination of cells form tissue. The different organs of the body are made of tissue and a group of organs is an organ system. So, a structure made up by a combination of tissues is an organ.

Final answer:

During the gastrula stage of embryo development, the opening called the blastopore becomes the mouth in protostomes.

Explanation:

During the gastrula stage of embryo development, the cuplike opening, known as the blastopore, differentiates into either the mouth or anus, depending on the type of organism. In protostomes, this opening develops into the mouth, with the second opening becoming the anus. On the contrary, in deuterostomes, the blastopore becomes the anus, and the mouth develops at the opposite end of the gut. Given these patterns of development, the correct answer to the question, "During the gastrula stage of embryo development, the cuplike opening becomes the mouth in _[blank]_." is protostomes.

Answer:

Long beaks of medium ground finches allows them to opt for alternate sources of food in times of extremities while this is not the case with the cactus finches.

Explanation:

The medium ground finches have larger beaks and thus apart from small seeds they can also break open the large seed. In case if the small seeds get scarce, a medium ground finch can still survive by taking advantage of feeding on alternate source of food but small beaked birds such as cactus finches shall die out of starvation.

This adaptation of medium ground finches gives it a survival advantage over the cactus finches

Answer:

Large beak size of medium ground finch assists in aiding advantage to survival and reproduction as compared to cactus finch.

Explanation:

The medium ground finch will take the advantage of its peak size and structure over the cactus finch for both its survival and reproduction.  

Unlike the cactus finch, the medium finch have large beaks due to which they take advantage of alternate food sources such as large seeds, hard seeds etc.  

Beak size also plays an essential role in attracting males with large beak size and hence  medium ground finch reproduce easily and frequently as compared to cactus finch

The five major classes of the artropods are:

- Insects;

Ex: ants; locusts;

Can be eaten. They contain lot of protein, and are easy to digest, especially if cooked.

- Crustaceans;

Ex: crabs; shrimps.

Can be eaten. They are a very popular dish around the world. the human body digests them without any problem, and they are very healthy.

- Centipedes;

Ex: scolopendra; stone centipedes;

Can not be eaten. They contain strong toxins and chemicals that the human body can not process.

- Millipedes;

Ex: julida; polydesmida;

Can not be eaten. As the centipedes, they too contain toxins and chemicals that are not good for the human body.

- Arachnids;

Ex: tarantula; wold spider;

Can be eaten. When cooked, they are easy to digest, and in general the human digestive system doesn't have problems with them.

The period is the time it takes the satellite to make a complete orbit around the central object.  As the distance increases, so does the period because the orbit becomes longer because the radius increases.

Hope this helps!!

Explanation:

Kepler has given its three laws. The third law of Kepler gives the relationship between the orbital period and the distance between the satellite and the center of orbit. Mathematically, it is given by :

[tex]T^2\propto a^3[/tex]

or

[tex]\dfrac{T^2}{a^3}=constant[/tex]

It is clear from above formula, that as the distance between a satellite in a circular orbit and the central object increases, the period of the satellite also increases.

Because they think that they are too humble to kill hosts. They think, "We will let Steve Harvey live."

The answer is d I hope this helps

Newton's third law is accurately described by 'For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force,' illustrating the mutual interaction between two objects where forces are applied.

The correct answer that accurately describes Newton's third law is D: For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force. This law highlights the interaction between two objects: when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object simultaneously exerts a force back on the first object of equal magnitude but in the opposite direction.

Newton's third law can be observed in various everyday scenarios, such as when you push against a wall, the wall pushes back against you with the same force. This law is an essential principle in understanding the nature of forces and how they interact to produce motion or maintain the status quo.

Your answer would be C. Chordata.

The phylum Chordata includes both invertebrate and vertebrate groups.  The correct answer is C.

Chordates are characterized by the presence of a notochord, a hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post A tail at some stage of their development.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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Global warming leads to higher temperatures which can cause plants to lose CO₂ faster and close their stomata to conserve water, impacting photosynthesis negatively. Drought conditions, increasing respiration rates, and less water for NADPH formation further compound these effects. Overall, climate change presents complex challenges to the photosynthesis process and ecosystem health.

Global warming affects photosynthesis in multiple ways. With an average temperature increase of 3-5°C, as expected due to global warming, photosynthesis may be affected due to the balance of photosynthesis and respiration in plants. While initial growth enhancement is predicted due to plants acclimating to warmer temperatures, factors such as an increase in respiration rates, especially under conditions of drought and stress, may diminish this benefit.

Moreover, plants may lose CO₂ more rapidly as gases diffuse faster in higher temperatures. On hot, dry days, plants conserve water by closing their stomata, which also reduces CO₂ intake, potentially slowing the Calvin cycle and affecting the photosynthesis process negatively. Additionally, with less water available, the formation of NADPH, crucial for photosynthesis, may also be impeded.

The increased concentration of carbon dioxide due to the greenhouse effect and the reduction of forests, which plays a role in removing CO₂ from the atmosphere, also contribute to the complexity of the impact on photosynthesis in the face of global climate change. These changes in global climate carry mixed effects on plant growth and agriculture, influencing not only photosynthesis but also the overall health of ecosystems.