Answer: Quaternary structure
Explanation:
The proteins exists in all the structures such as primary, secondary and tertiary. The primary structure of the protein is simple, secondary is made of two sheets like structure.
The tertiary structure of the proteins is made of beta pleated structure. The monomeric proteins do not form quaternary structure. It is reserved for proteins having two or more polypeptide chains.
Hence the correct answer is Option D
Monomeric proteins lack a quaternary structure; this level of structure refers to the assembly of multiple polypeptide chains into a functional protein complex. Monomeric proteins only possess primary, secondary, and tertiary structures.
Explanation:Monomeric proteins do not have a quaternary structure. A quaternary structure is formed only when multiple polypeptide chains, also known as subunits, come together to form a functional protein complex. Monomeric proteins, composed of a single polypeptide chain, include only the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures. The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. The secondary structure refers to local configurations such as α-helices and β-sheets within a polypeptide chain, resulting from hydrogen bonding. The tertiary structure represents the overall three-dimensional shape of the protein, which is critical for the protein's function.
The speedy nervous system zips messages by way of neurotransmitters. Endocrine messages, however, are delivered more slowly because hormones travel throughA. myelinated neurons.B. the bloodstream.C. glial cells.D. interneurons.
Answer:
B) the bloodstream
Explanation:
In multicellular organisms, the cells of the organisms are interconnected and communicate with each other through the secreted chemicals. When the communication takes place between distant cells then the body releases the chemicals called hormones.
The hormones reach distant sites through the bloodstream and act on the target site. This signaling communication is known as the endocrine signaling in which the endocrine glands secrete the chemicals into the bloodstream.
Thus, Option-B is the correct answer.
Endocrine messages are slower than nervous system messages as hormones travel through the bloodstream, whereas neural messages use rapid electrical and chemical signals.
Explanation:The nervous system transmits messages rapidly through electrical signals and chemical neurotransmitters, with the fastest nerve impulses reaching speeds over 100 meters per second. In contrast, endocrine messages are delivered more slowly because hormones travel through the bloodstream. Unlike the immediate action of neurotransmitters which act locally and quickly, hormones are secreted into the blood by endocrine glands and are broadcast to all cells in the body, acting over a longer distance and time frame to induce cellular response.
Assume that an organism exists in which crossing over does not occur, but that all other processes associated with meiosis occur normally. Consider how the absence of crossing over would affect the outcome of a single meiotic event. Which of the following statements would be true if crossing over did not occur?
Answer:
The options are missing, they are:
a.The daughter cells of meiosis I would be diploid, but the daughter cells of meiosis II would be haploid.
b.The two sister chromatids of each replicated chromosome would no longer be identical.
c.The four daughter cells produced in meiosis II would all be different.
d.The two daughter cells produced in meiosis I would be identical.
e.There would be less genetic variation among gametes.
f.Independent assortment of chromosomes would not occur.
The correct answer is E, there would be less genetic variation among gametes.
Explanation:
Crossing-over or also called recombination is a phenomenon peculiar to meiosis alone. Meiosis is that kind of division that is employed by sexual-reproducing organisms to produce gamete/sex cells. Crossing-over is a process that may or may not occur, if it does, it occurs in prophase of meiosis I, and it involves exchanging equal chromosomal segments between two non-sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes. Crossing-over is the means by which sexually reproducing organisms use to bring about genetic variation among their species.
It is worthy to note that the non-occurrence of crossing-over does not affect the number of chromosomes as a normal meiotic division will always yield haploid gametes right from meiosis I.
Since crossing-over did not occur, the homologous chromosomes (similar but non-identical chromosomes) will separate into each cell during meiosis I, meaning that each cell will have chromosomes that are either maternal or paternal. This will reduce the chance of genetic variation occuring among species.
Discuss the effect of each of the following factors on RBC count. Consult an appropriate reference as necessary, and explain your reasoning.
Answer:
Athletic training increases red blood cell count.
A permanent move from sea level to high altitude increases red blood cell count.
Explanation:
Athletic training increases red blood cell count.
An athlete has a comparatively increased muscle mass and requires an efficient oxygen means of transportation to the muscles during the course of the athlete running 4 to 5 miles a day over a period of 6 to nine months training or execrise.
A permanent move from sea level to high altitude increases red blood cell count.
The air is less dense at high altitudes and would posses a reduced amount of oxygen. The body make up for this lower concentration of oxygen in the air by yielding more RBCs to ensure that the same corresponding level of oxygen can be acquired or accumulated and then its transported by the blood.
___________________________
The complete question
Discuss the effect of each of the following factors on RBC count. Consult an appropriate reference as necessary, and explain your reasoning: The long-term effect of athletic training (for example, running 4 to 5 miles a day over a period of 6 to nine months, and a permanent move from sea level to a high-altitude area.
Final answer:
Factors affecting RBC count include blood loss, faulty RBC production, and excessive RBC destruction, which can be analyzed by kinetic or morphological approaches. Polycythemia is a condition where RBC count increases due to various causes.
Explanation:
Effects of Factors on Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count
Changes in the levels of RBCs can significantly affect the body's oxygen delivery system. Factors affecting RBC count can be categorized blood loss, faulty RBC production, or excessive RBC destruction.
For example, blood loss through trauma or internal bleeding would lead to a decreased RBC count as the body loses its cells. On the other hand, inadequate production might be due to bone marrow disorders, nutritional deficiencies, or chronic diseases interfering with hematopoiesis. Excessive destruction of RBCs can occur in conditions like hemolytic anemia or infections.
Diagnostic methods like the kinetic approach analyze the production and removal rates of RBCs, whereas the morphological approach focuses on appearance and size, using metrics like the mean corpuscle volume (MCV). Polycythemia, an increase in RBC count, can be caused by dehydration, living at high altitudes, or bone marrow diseases like polycythemia vera.
Bodies of water tend to moderate climate because _____.A)the hydrogen bonding in water gives it a high specific heatB)water has a high heat of vaporizationC)the hydrogen bonding in water causes it to be cohesiveD)water is always cooler than the nearby landmassesE)All of the listed responses are correct.
Answer: Option E
Explanation:
The bodies of water on earth is responsible controlling the climate.This is because water has different qualities.
The water has hydrogen bonding in it which provides high specific heat which retains heat in the water which is useful for the aquatic animals.
The water has high rate of vaporization due to which different components can be easily separated from the water.
It is cohesive in nature which allows the water to remain in such state for a longer period of time. The water is always cooler than the surrounding environment so as to maintain the temperature around water.
After teaching a client about taking daily oral iron preparations for a moderate iron deficiency anemia, which statement by the client indicates to the nurse that additional instruction is needed?
Answer:
I will call the doctor if my stools turn black
Explanation
Iron supplements are given to patients who have iron deficiency related diseases such as anemia. There are a number of iron preparations that can be given to patients to manage these conditions. These supplements causes the stool to turn black or even green
For example the said client was given oral iron preparations for moderate iron deficiency anemia. When he says he will call a doctor if his stool turns black indicates he will need additional instructions.
...glutamine-glutamine-glutamine...
....serine-serine-serine......
Which of the following messenger RNA sequences could code for both of the two amino acid sequences?
Answer:
AGCAGCAGCAGC
Explanation:
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the product of transcription, which is made by synthesizing a complementary strand of the DNA template. The mRNA is a template used to synthesis amino acids during the second process of protein synthesis (translation).
mRNA are read in the ribosomes in a group of three nucleotide sequences called CODON. This codon (triplet nucleotide on mRNA) specifies a particular amino acid. There are 64 possible combinations of codons in the genome for the 20 amino acids. Due to this, the genome/genetic code exhibits a phenomenon called DEGENERACY. Degeneracy is a phenomenon whereby more than one codon specifies a particular amino acid.
The possible CODONS that specify the amino acids given in the question are:
Serine: AGC, AGU, UCA, UCC, UCG, UCU
Glutamine: CAA, CAG
Hence, looking at this codons/nucleotide sequences, we would realize that combining the sequence;
AGCAGCAGCAGC; will produce a serine amino acid sequence, while skipping the first two nucleotides (A and G) and starting from nucleotide C, we will have CAG which codes for Glutamine amino acid repeated three times.
Hence, AGCAGCAGCAGC is the possible mRNA nucleotide sequence that can produce both amino acid sequence.
Final answer:
The question asks for mRNA sequences that could code for glutamine and serine. Glutamine is coded by GAA and GAG, while serine is coded by UCA, UCG, UCU, and UCC. The options given do not match these codons, so the correct mRNA sequence would be any combination of codons for glutamine and serine.
Explanation:
The student's question relates to the genetic code and how sequences of nucleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA) correspond to the amino acid sequences that make up proteins. To answer which mRNA sequences could code for the amino acid sequences of glutamine (Gln) and serine (Ser), we need to refer to the codon table that matches mRNA triplets with amino acids. Glutamine is coded by the mRNA codons GAA and GAG, while serine is coded by the mRNA codons UCA, UCG, UCU, and UCC.
None of the options provided (a. valine and isoleucine, b. asparagine and serine, c. glutamic acid and arginine, d. tryptophan and methionine) match the codons for glutamine or serine. Therefore, the correct mRNA sequence could be any combination of the codons for Gln and Ser, such as CAAGAG for a Glutamine-Glutamine-Glutamine sequence and UCUUCU for a Serine-Serine-Serine sequence.
Additionally, understanding how changes in the mRNA sequence affect amino acid sequences is critical. For example, inserting an arginine codon between certain amino acids would alter the resulting protein structure, potentially affecting its function.
Which of the following is NOT an epithelial structure?
an eccrine sweat gland
the sciatic nerve
the organ that secretes the hormone renin
the innermost wall of the urinary bladder (the lining)
The sciatic nerve
Answer:
The sciatic nerve is not an epithelial structure.
Explanation:
The sciatic nerve can be described as the largest nerve of the body. The sciatic nerve is formed when 5 nerves from the lower spine join. Hence, the sciatic nerve is not an epithelial structure. It is such long that it goes all the way from top of the leg till the foot. The sciatic nerve is involved in supplying sensations to the feet and to the skin.
The genetic center of the eukaryotic cell is the __________.
Answer:
Nucleus
Explanation:
The nucleus is the genetic center of the eukaryotic cell because it contains the genetic material (DNA, RNA) used for the storage of genetic information
The genetic center of the eukaryotic cell is the nucleus, an organelle that contains most of the cell's DNA and serves as its control center. It is enclosed by a double membrane and regulates gene expression and protein synthesis.
The genetic center of the eukaryotic cell is the nucleus. The nucleus is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It contains the genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA, which is organized into chromosomes. The primary function of the nucleus is to regulate gene expression and control protein synthesis. The nucleus is distinct from the nucleoid region found in prokaryotic cells, where the DNA is not enclosed within a membrane.
The structure of the nucleus involves a double membrane, known as the nuclear envelope, which separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Inside, a substance called nucleoplasm is similar to the cytosol outside the nucleus. While most eukaryotic cells contain a single nucleus, there are exceptions, such as muscle cells which may contain multiple nuclei, and red blood cells which lack a nucleus altogether.
The organelle plays a crucial role during cell division, where it breaks down during mitosis and meiosis, allowing chromosomes to be organized and divided between new daughter cells. Moreover, it is involved in the transcription of various types of RNA which are critical for protein synthesis and gene regulation.
What do you expect if an individual is heterozygous for the sickle-cell trait?
Answer:
Normally He would be asymptomatic but in cases of stressful conditions such as infection or heavy exercise it may causes symptoms as hemoglobin capacity of Red Blood cells is less compare to normal person.
Explanation:
Agar is a useful compound in the microbiology lab because it is an excellent nutrient for bacteria. Agar is a useful compound in the microbiology lab because it is an excellent nutrient for bacteria. A. TrueB. False
Answer:
A)True
Explanation:
Nutrient Agar is a nutrient medium used for the growth of microbes supporting growth of a vast number of organisms. Nutrient agar is popular because it can grow a variety of types of bacteria and fungi, and contains many nutrients needed for the bacterial growth.Nutrient agar provides these resources for many types of microbes, from fungi like yeast and mold to common bacteria such as Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. The microbes that can be grown on complex media such as nutrient agar can be described as nonfastidious organisms.
Agar is falsely believed to be a nutrient for bacteria; it's actually a solidification agent used in growth media to provide a physical matrix for bacterial cultures, not a nutritional one.
Explanation:The statement that agar is an excellent nutrient for bacteria is false. Agar is a polysaccharide derived from red algae, used commonly in microbiology laboratories for culturing bacteria and other microorganisms; however, it is not a nutrient source for them. Instead, agar serves as a solidification agent in growth media, providing a stable matrix to embed the nutrients that bacteria require for growth but itself does not contribute nutritionally. The primary role of agar in these media is to form a gelatinous solid matrix upon cooling, which bacteria cannot digest, making it ideal for observing the growth and behavior of microorganisms on a solid surface. Agar is mixed with various nutrients and then poured into petri dishes, test tubes, or other containers to solidify into agar plates, agar slants, and agar deeps, serving different purposes in microbial cultivation.
If phospholipid-like molecules in an alien species had charged tails and uncharged heads, how would these molecules be arranged in alien cell membranes, assuming that the cells and their surroundings are aqueous in the aliens?
Answer:
The arrangement of those molecules would be contrary of the living earth cells membranes, heads on the inside and tails on the outside.
Explanation:
The alien version of phospholipid molecules would favor the membranes to be arranged in a way that the head of the molecules would be faced each other, and the tail of the molecules would be faced to the aqueous surroundings. This is explained by the fact that phospholid molecules have a hydrophilic content that present charged groups or uncharged polar groups that can form either favorable electrostatic interactions or hydrogen bonds with water molecules. And in the case of the alien phospholipid is the tail that will be the hydrophilic content, instead of the ''earth phospholid''.
A woman in her 60s is rushed to the emergency department (ED) after having lost consciousness at a Singing Christmas Tree event. The emergency medical technician (EMT) reports that in addition to losing consciousness, the woman was tachycardic (~100 bpm), warm to the touch and diaphoretic (sweaty). During the physical exam, the patient reported that she had not been feeling well lately, but was not taking medications, had no recent surgeries, and has not been diagnosed with anything. As time passed she slowly became a little more coherent and her heartrate began to normalize, but she suddenly vomited on the floor. Rapid blood tests reveal hypoglycemia (reduced blood glucose).What is wrong with the patient?A. she forgot to eatB. she walked to the concert and was badly out of shapeC. she had a tumor causing over-secretion of insulinD. she was taking over-the-counter supplements
The woman's symptoms and blood test indicating hypoglycemia suggest she may have a tumour like insulinoma, which leads to over-secretion of insulin and reduced levels of blood glucose.
Explanation:Based on the presented symptoms and the result of the rapid blood test, which showed hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), the patient might be suffering from a condition like an insulinoma. Insulinoma is a type of tumor that causes over-secretion of insulin, as suggested by C. This condition can cause an excessive amount of insulin to be released, causing diminished glucose in the blood. The initial symptoms of hypoglycemia may often include feeling unwell, tiredness, and confusion. The later stages may include tachycardia (increased heart rate), sweating (diaphoresis), and being warm to the touch. A sudden loss of consciousness can also occur. If the patient began to feel better after some time, it might have been because her blood glucose levels started to recover naturally, but vomiting can be another symptom of severe hypoglycemia.
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What is the difference in the adaptation of a sled dogs (such as a Husky) thick coat of hair to help it withstand the cold temperatures of Arctic winters and a dog that adapts to cold temperatures in the fall by growing a thickened coat? The adaptation of the sled dog best describes adaptation at the ____________ level while the dog exposed to seasonal colder temperatures has _____________.
A. Regional; natural selection at the individual level
B. Individual; physiological modifications at the population level
C. Population; physiological modifications at the individual level
D. Species; natural selection at the population level
E. Ecosystem; physiological modifications at the individual level
Asked by Lola, Last updated: Jan 15, 2020
The adaptation of the sled dog best describes adaptation at the Population level while the dog exposed to seasonal colder temperatures has physiological modifications at the individual level.
Explanation:
Adaptations are the special characteristic of animals and plants necessary for their survival in a particular climate. Sledge dogs are not pet and also does not come under wild animals category. These animals change their characteristics physically to survive in a particular weather.
Sledge dogs changes their fur, blood circulation, tongue, feet and tail to survive in winter.
The fur in the sledge dog has two coats. This helps them to adapt to extreme cold conditions. The fur in the outermost layer helps in expelling water. This will provide dryness to the dog. The fur that is the the next layer acts as an insulator and prevents the dog skin to lose heat. Thus, this adaptation describes the adaptation at population level and physical changes that its makes in its individual body to survive in cold temperatures.
If the onset of a light reliably signals the onset of food, a rat in a Skinner box will work to turn on the light. In this case, the light is a ________ reinforcer.a) partial
b) primary
c) negative
d) conditioned
e) delayed
Answer:
The correct answer is option d) "conditioned".
Explanation:
A conditioned reinforcer is an external stimulus that helps an animal to perform certain activity or develop certain behavior. Conditioned reinforcement requires a learning process, which most likely was necessary in order to make the rat to turn on the light looking for food. Therefore, in this case the light is a conditioned reinforcer.
Final answer:
The light in a Skinner box experiment that reliably signals the onset of food becomes a conditioned reinforcer. This is because it gains the power to reinforce behavior through its association with a primary reinforcer, like food, established through the process of classical conditioning.
Explanation:
If the onset of a light reliably signals the onset of food, a rat in a Skinner box will work to turn on the light. In this case, the light is a conditioned reinforcer.
A conditioned reinforcer, also known as a secondary reinforcer, is a previously neutral event that has become associated with a primary reinforcer through classical conditioning. Primary reinforcers are stimuli that are naturally preferred or enjoyed by the organism, like food, water, and relief from pain. Through the conditioning process, the formerly neutral stimulus (in this case, the light) becomes a signal for the primary reinforcer (food) and gains the ability to reinforce behavior because of its association with the primary reinforcer.
In operant conditioning experiments, like those with a rat in a Skinner box, a light might be turned on every time food is delivered as a consequence of the rat pressing a lever. Eventually, the rat learns to associate the light with the delivery of food. Even without the immediate presence of food, the light being turned on becomes enough to increase the likelihood of the lever-press behavior, making it a conditioned reinforcer.
A fatty acid contains primarily carbon and hydrogen atoms, and its hydrocarbon tail is very hydrophobic. What kind of interaction can occur between hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids?
Answer:
Hydrophobic interaction.
Explanation:
On the basis of the polarity and the dissolution of water, the molecules can be classified into the hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. The hydrophobic molecules can easily dissolve in the non polar solvents.
The hydrophobic interaction is important that exist between the non polar molecules. The hydrophobic interaction plays an important role in the biological system as the lipids of the cell membrane are assisted together with the hydrophobic interaction. The hydrocarbon tail is non polar molecules that contains hydrophobic interaction within it.
Thus, the correct answer is hydrophobic interaction.
Starting from a single individual, what is the size of a population of bacteria that reproduce by binary fission every 20 minutes at the end of a 2-hour time period? (Assume unlimited resources and no mortality.)
A) 6
B) 18
C) 128
D) 512
E) 1,024
Answer:
C) 128
Explanation:
In binary fission each bacterial cell will divide into two parts.
1. Since the bacteria divides divides after every 20 min , We have to find the number of division in two hours two hour(2x60=120 min) which will be;
120÷20=6
It will undergo 6 divisions.
2. To calculate the number of bacteria at the end of 2 hours
Bacteria in the beginning x 2∧ Number of division
1× 2∧6= 128 Bacteria
The size of a population of bacteria that reproduce by binary fission every 20 minutes starting from a single individual and lasting for 2 hours would be 64.
There are 120 minutes in a 2 hour period.
Starting at 0 minutes with 1 individual
After 20 minutes, there will be 2 individuals
After 40 minutes, there will be 4 individuals
after 60 minutes, 8 individuals
After 80 minutes, 16 individuals
After 100 minutes, 32 individuals
After 120 minutes. 64 individuals
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On Christmas morning, 3-year-old Billy opens a gift from his mother and finds a new sweater. Disappointed that it is not a toy, Billy frowns and throws the sweater aside in front of his mother with no regard for her feelings. Billy is demonstrating _________.
A. centration.B. egocentric thought.C. conservation.D. intuitive thought.
Answer: egocentric thought
Explanation:
he is only thinking of his self
Final answer:
(Option B) Egocentric thought is demonstrated when a child cannot consider another person's perspective, common in the preoperational stage of development.
Explanation:
The concept demonstrated by Billy is egocentric thought, which is defined as the inability to take the perspective of another person, common in young children during the preoperational stage of cognitive development.
Children displaying egocentric thought tend to think that everyone sees, thinks, and feels just as they do, without considering others' perspectives. An example of egocentric thought can be seen when a child gives a gift that they like assuming the recipient will also like it, without considering the recipient's preferences.
In some individuals, vegetables such as _____ appear to "turn off" genes that promote the oxidative stress and inflammation that can damage DNA.
Answer:
Answer is Cabbage.
Explanation:
It should be noted that the turning on and off of the genes is known as the gene regulation. And this process is considered to be very important because it helps the cell to react quickly or promptly to the changes in the environment.
Oxidative stress usually occurs when there is imbalance the free radicals production and the ability of the body to fight against their damaging effects or possibly repair their damaging effects. While inflammation is considered to be the reddening or swollen occurring in some parts of the body.
In this aspect, cabbage , as an example of vegetable help to turn-off the genes, i.e prevent the genes that can cause the oxidative stress or inflammation from performing their damaging activities.
The morphine administered to Ms. Hughes was not effective in relieving her pain; this is a sign of potential compartment syndrome.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
Answer is A. True.
Explanation:
Compartment syndrome is the condition which develop or occur through the increased pressure in the compartments or body space , most especially the legs and arms. This occur through some certain injuries like fracture, which causes bleeding in the muscle.
The only and best treatment for compartment syndrome is surgery.
In the case of Ms Hughes, she is believed to have developed a condition known as compartment syndrome, because patient with compartment syndrome, seem to continue to have increased pain despite the administration of morphine.And they keep complaining of unrelenting pain.
Scott made a model of the water cycle by filling a tub with water, covering the tub with clear plastic, and placing a heat lamp over the tub. After a few days, he observed water droplets collecting on the plastic wrap.What do the water droplets represent?
a. precipitation
b. condensation
c. transpiration
d. evaporation
Answer: B
Explanation:
When water is heated is changes from the liquid state of matter to the gas(vapour) state which is known as vaporization. While condensation is the change from the gas state to the liquid state, and it is the reverse of vaporization.
Condensation is the change in the state of water from its gaseous form into liquid water. When water is heated warm air rises (water vapor), when it cools and looses its capacity to hold water vapor, it forms changes back to the liquid state which is seen inform if water droplets on the plastic wrap.
Answer:
b. condensation
Explanation:
Condensation is a phenomenon which describes the physical change of matter from a gaseous form to a liquid form, when the matter in its gaseous state comes in contact with humid air. It is a kind of recycling process of water.
In the model of water cycle made by Scott, the water droplets observed that was collecting on the plastic wrap represents condensation. As water becomes vaporized in the tub, the gaseous form of the water comes in contact with humid air, which leads to condensation as seen in the collection of water droplets. The water vapor is converted back to the liquid form of water.
Using microscope to look at a slide prepared with a stain you observe a cell with a clear inner compartment within the cell. This is cell is most likely a(n) ____________.
Answer: An archaeon
Explanation: Archaeon is a member of the prokaryotes (organisms with false nucleus). They have unusual shape. They share close resemblance in cell structure with bacteria. Their cytoplasm are spaced with organelles in spatial arrangements.
Which of the following places the steps of the Gram stain in the correct order? 1-Alcohol-acetone 2-Crystal violet 3-Safranin 4-Iodine
Answer: Gram staining is arranged in the following order;
1) Crystal violet
2) iodine
3) Alcohol-acetone
4) safranin
Explanation:
Applying primary stain to a heat fixed smear of a bacterial culture
Then you add iodine which binds the crystal violet and traps it in the cell. After you decolourise with ethanol finally counter shade with safranin
The correct order for the Gram stain process is: crystal violet, iodine, alcohol-acetone, and safranin. This method is crucial for classifying bacteria into Gram-positive and Gram-negative groups.
Explanation:The Gram Stain is a differential staining technique used to classify bacteria into two major groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. The correct order of the steps in this process is:
Crystal violetIodineAlcohol-acetoneSafraninThis sequence is vital. First, the bacterial smear is stained with crystal violet, then it's treated with iodine, a mordant that forms an insoluble complex with crystal violet, which can subsequently be removed with alcohol or acetone. Finally, safranin, a counterstain, is applied that stains Gram-negative bacteria.
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What does Dr. Ally Hextall tell Dr. Ellis Cheever that "…somewhere in the world the wrong pig met up with the wrong bat" as they are discussing the protein structure of the contagion?
Answer:
It's the race for finding a cure i.e., Vaccine
Explanation:
"…somewhere in the world the wrong pig met up with the wrong bat"
This explains that the contagion is a airborne virus that has a potential of killing it's host within days after a infection. The problem comes now when those scientists are trying their best in finding the cure i.e., a vaccine that can cure the disease spread by the virus. It is a type of competition in which the race between several parties for cure are going on.
"The statement made by Dr. Ally Hextall to Dr. Ellis Cheever, "somewhere in the world the wrong pig met up with the wrong bat," refers to the zoonotic origin of the fictional virus in the movie "Contagion."
This phrase suggests that the virus, which has a unique protein structure, likely emerged through a cross-species transmission event where a pig (susceptible to both avian and human influenza viruses) came into contact with a bat (known to harbor many viruses, including coronaviruses). Such an event could lead to the creation of a novel virus through genetic recombination or reassortment, which could then jump to humans and potentially cause a pandemic. This scenario is a nod to real-life epidemiology, where many emerging infectious diseases originate from animal hosts.
In the context of the movie, this dialogue underscores the concept of zoonotic spillover, a process by which a pathogen jumps from a non-human animal to a human. The "wrong" in this context implies an unfortunate and rare combination of events that leads to the emergence of a highly virulent and transmissible virus capable of causing a global outbreak. The protein structure of the virus would be unique as a result of this interspecies mixing, making it a novel threat that the human population has no pre-existing immunity against, and thus, it could spread rapidly and cause significant morbidity and mortality."
Refer to Animation: Base Pairing and Stacking. When we consider the orientations of the two strands of DNA that make up a double helix, we see that they are:
When we consider the orientations of the two strands of DNA that make up a double helix, we see that they are:
A. parallel.
B. antiparallel.
C. mirror images.
Answer:
B. antiparallel.
Explanation:
A single DNA strand has two distinct ends. These are the 3' and 5' ends. At the 3' end, the 3' OH of the pentose sugar is present freely and is not involved in phosphodiester bond. The 5' end of DNA has a free phosphate group. A DNA double helix has two DNA strands. These two DNA strands of a double helix are anti-parallel in nature. This means that the 3' end of one DNA strand is present opposite to the 5' end of another DNA strand.
Which of the following would NOT increase (whole body) oxygen consumption during recovery from exercise and increase excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)?
A) high blood levels of hormones (i.e., epinephrine)B) None of these answers is trueC) elevated body temperature above normalD) high intensity of exercise
Answer:
(B) None of the answers are true...
Explanation:
(A) is wrong because the high levels of epinephrine promote activation of sympathetic nervous system that'll ultimately increase oxygen consumption.
(C) Elevated temperatures of body require immediate cooling that's why breathing rate gets high and ultimately the oxygen consumption.
(D) We all know that a vigorous dose of exercise always increases your bodies oxygen consumption.
The answer to the question is B) None of these answers is true. All listed factors such as high blood levels of hormones, elevated body temperature, and high-intensity exercise contribute to increased excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC).
Explanation:The question asks which factor would NOT increase oxygen consumption during recovery from exercise, otherwise known as excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). While high blood levels of hormones like epinephrine, elevated body temperature, and high-intensity exercise all contribute to increased EPOC, none of the factors listed in the options would decrease EPOC. Hormones such as epinephrine and increased body temperature can shift the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation/disassociation curve, facilitating greater oxygen delivery and utilization. Higher intensity exercise also results in increased EPOC due to the higher demands placed on the body for energy production and recovery. Therefore, the answer is B) None of these answers is true, as all other options would increase EPOC.
Two eukaryotic proteins are identical except for one domain in each protein, and these two domains are completely different from each other. Which of the following processes is most likely to have contributed to this difference?
Answer:
Alternative splicing.
Explanation:
The eukaryotes translation process requires two more step known as polyadenylation and capping. The transcription and translation occurs in the separate compartment.
The eukaryotes genome consists of both the exons as well as introns. The introns need to be excise out and exons join together in the process known as alternative splicing. This alternative splicing is responsible for the formation of the different protein.
Thus, the answer is alternative splicing.
Researchers have found that nearly twice as many of the neural connections made in an infant's brain will ever be used. The unused connections will be ________.
Answer:
Pruned
Explanation:
Whenever there are extra synapses present in the brain that are no longer in use then the brain tends to eliminate these connections and this is termed as synaptic pruning .During this process there is decay of the dendrites as well as the axons .The process typically occurs at the peak in the period between early childhood and the onset of puberty however it begins at the time of birth and continues upto the early 20s. Further pruning is affected by the learning mechanism and the influence of the environment.One thing to be noted is that in pruning the death of the neurons does not occur however there is simple retraction of the synaptic connections.The various parts of the endomembrane system serve different functions in the cell. In this activity, you will identify the roles of each part of the endomembrane system. Match each function to the appropriate bin.1. protein synthesis2. protein modification and sorting 3. macromolecule digestion4. lipid synthesis 5. autophagy 6. cisternal maturation 7. calcium ion storage8. poison detoxification a. smooth ERb. rough ER c. Golgi apparatus d. lysosomes
Answer:
1. protein synthesis - (b) rough ER
2. protein modification and sorting - (c) Golgi apparatus
3. macromolecule digestion - (d) lysosomes
4. lipid synthesis - (a) smooth ER
5. autophagy - (d) lysosomes
6. cisternal maturation - (c) Golgi apparatus
7. calcium ion storage - (a) smooth ER
8. poison detoxification - (a) smooth ER
Explanation:
Rough ER or rough endoplasmic reticulum with the help of ribosomes is responsible for protein synthesis and their subsequent transport to various other parts of the cell that is why both these organelles are also known as protein factory.
Soon after proteins are synthesized with the help of rough ER, they are transported to another network of organelle known as golgi apparatus. In golgi apparatus, the nascent protein is further modified and sorted. Modification and sorting of proteins help in identifying their final destination i.e. whether the protein is meant for mitochondria or plasma membrane or some other organelle. Maturation of cisternae also takes place in golgi apparatus.
Smooth ER or smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for lipid synthesis, storage of calcium ions and poison detoxification. Most of the steroid hormones, triglycerols etc. are synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Smooth ER also stores calcium ions so that whenever they are required they can be sequestered back into the cytosol. Poison detoxification occurs in the smooth ER of liver because the enzymes present in the liver are capable of converting such hydrophobic substances into hydrophilic substances so that they could be easily secreted out of the body.
Lysosome is the organelle which is responsible for macromolecule digestion and autophagy. Lysosomes have very low pH and a lot of hydrolyzing enzymes which can easily digest macromolecules. Autophagy is a self degradable process in which damaged cells are eaten or destroyed by lysosomes so that their macromolecules could be broken down into their monomers so that they can be reused by our body.
The endomembrane system includes the rough and smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes each with specific functions such as protein and lipid synthesis, protein modification and sorting, autophagy, and poison detoxification.
Explanation:The endomembrane system of a cell consists of different parts that perform specific functions. Here is the correct match between each function and its corresponding part:
Protein synthesis - rough ER Protein modification and sorting - Golgi apparatus Macromolecule digestion - lysosomes Lipid synthesis - smooth ER Autophagy - lysosomes Cisternal maturation - Golgi apparatus Calcium ion storage - smooth ER Poison detoxification - smooth ER Learn more about Endomembrane System here:https://brainly.com/question/35490098
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The molecule which distinguishes living systems from nonliving and serve as hereditary material is called __.
Answer: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Explanation:
DNA is the main hereditary material that distinguishes living from non-living things.
It is so because its replication i.e DNA replication can ONLY occur in the cell of a living organism. That is why even virus replicate it's DNA only in a living host not else where.
So, DNA is the answer
Lynx feed on rabbits, and the growth curves for these two species fluctuate together. This relationship is an example of a(n) Select one:
a. S-shaped growth curve.
b. J-shaped growth curve.
c. irregular fluctuations. tightly linked cycle.
Answer:
Option D, tightly linked
Explanation:
The population of both rabbit and Lynx is tightly linked which means that if the population of rabbit is affected negatively, the population of Lynx will also get affected negatively.
In general, Lynx gets its nutrition from rabbit by feeding on them when they are in sufficient number. When the rabbits become scarce, Lynx starts feeding on alternative food sources such as mice, carrion etc. but these food type cannot provide sufficient nourishment to the Lynx and hence the population of Lynx also reduces as some of them die because of starvation while the remaining move to different areas in search of food.
Hence, option D is correct
The growth curves for lynx and rabbits that fluctuate together represent predator-prey dynamics, with lynx being the predator and rabbits the prey. This tightly linked cycle of population growth and decline represents a classic example of predator-prey interaction, best exemplified by the historical cycling patterns of lynx and snowshoe hares in Northern Ontario.
Explanation:The relationship wherein lynx feed on rabbits, and their growth curves fluctuate together, exemplifies predator-prey dynamics. These fluctuations are tightly linked cycles where the prey population (rabbits) increases leading to a subsequent increase in the predator population (lynx). This is followed by a decline in the prey population due to increased predation, which in turn causes a decline in the predator population due to food scarcity. Hence, the correct answer is not the S-shaped or J-shaped growth curve, nor irregular fluctuations, but rather a tightly linked cycle of respective population sizes of prey and predators.
These cycles are typically observed in wildlife population studies, such as the historical pattern of cycling between lynx and snowshoe hares in Northern Ontario, which has been documented through nearly 200 years of trapping data. The approximately 10-year cycle, with the lynx population lagging 1-2 years behind the hare population, demonstrates how interconnected and dependent these populations are on each other's numbers for their survival and growth rates.